ESS - CSH - Ciências Sociais e Humanas
Permanent URI for this community
Browse
Browsing ESS - CSH - Ciências Sociais e Humanas by Title
Now showing 1 - 10 of 268
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Academic stress, coping, emotion regulation, affect and psychosomatic symptoms in higher educationPublication . Teixeira, R.J.; Brandão, Tânia; Dores, Artemisa RochaThis study aimed to examine the associations between perceived stress, coping, emotion dysregulation, affect and psychosomatic symptoms in higher education. Participants were 183 first-year undergraduates (84% female) that completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Brief-COPE, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the PANAS, and the Manifestations of Physical Discomfort Questionnaire. Significant gender differences were found in perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms (both higher in women), and in coping (emotional vs. humour support strategies higher for women and men, respectively).
- Activities of Daily Living Inventory (ADLI): Proposal of a new instrument and preliminary dataPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Pontes, Diogo; Dores, Artemisa R; Peixoto, Bruno; Barbosa, FernandoThe evaluation of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) has become a critical issue in neuropsychology, but existing instruments for evaluating ADL have some limitations. This work aims to propose a new instrument to evaluate ADL, the ADL Inventory (ADLI), for which we present preliminary data. The ADLI was developed based on a comprehensive model of the stages of test development and following a combined framework of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health and the American Occupational Therapy Association models. Besides sociodemographic information, ADLI includes 144 items, organized into four sections: (a) basic ADL; (b) IADL; (c) advanced ADL; and (d) factors influencing functionality. The main characteristics of ADLI are: having self- and informant-report forms; including items focused on different sensory and neurocognitive functions; individualizing the progression along items considering the person’s functionality; considering the impact of several factors on functionality; and using a large response scale. Preliminary data of predictive and convergent validity for ADLI are presented. The preliminary study comprised 15 older adults. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – III, the Barthel Index, and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale were applied to determine the predictive and convergent validity of ADLI.
- Affective, normative and continuance organizational commitment scales validation to the portuguese industrial workers populationPublication . Martins, Helena; Rebelo, Teresa; Tomás, InêsThe Affective, Normative and Continuance Organizational Commitment Scales are meant to evaluate the commitment of individuals towards the organization they work for. Although they can be used in any organizational context, this study focuses on workers from industrial enterprises.
- Amygdala activation in response to 2D and 3D emotion-inducing stimuliPublication . Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barbosa, Fernando; Monteiro, Luís; Leitão, Miguel; Reis, Mafalda; Coelho, Carlos M.; Ribeiro, Eduardo; Carvalho, Irene P.; Sousa, Liliana; Castro-Caldas, AlexandreStudying changes in brain activation according to the valence of emotion-inducing stimuli is essential in the research on emotions. Due to the ecological potential of virtual reality, it is also important to examine whether brain activation in response to emotional stimuli can be modulated by the three-dimensional (3D) properties of the images. This study uses functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to compare differences between 3D and standard (2D) visual stimuli in the activation of emotion-related brain areas. The stimuli were organized in three virtual-reality scenarios, each with a different emotional valence (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral). The scenarios were presented in a pseudo-randomized order in the two visualization modes to twelve healthy males. Data were analyzed through a GLM-based fixed effects procedure. Unpleasant and neutral stimuli activated the right amygdala more strongly when presented in 3D than in 2D. These results suggest that 3D stimuli, when used as “building blocks” for virtual environments, can induce increased emotional loading, as shown here through neuroimaging.
- An fMRI paradigm based on Williams inhibition test to study the neural substrates of attention and inhibitory controlPublication . Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barbosa, Fernando; Carvalho, Irene P.; Almeida, Isabel; Guerreiro, Sandra; da Rocha, Benedita Martins; Cunha, Gil; Castelo Branco, Miguel; de Sousa, Liliana; Castro Caldas, AlexandreThe purpose of this study is to present an fMRI paradigm, based on the Williams inhibition test (WIT), to study attentional and inhibitory control and their neuroanatomical substrates. We present an index of the validity of the proposed paradigm and test whether the experimental task discriminates the behavioral performances of healthy participants from those of individuals with acquired brain injury. Stroop and Simon tests present similarities with WIT, but this latter is more demanding. We analyze the BOLD signal in 10 healthy participants performing the WIT. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the inferior prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex were defined for specified region of interest analysis. We additionally compare behavioral data (hits, errors, reaction times) of the healthy participants with those of eight acquired brain injury patients. Data were analyzed with GLM-based random effects and Mann-Whitney tests. Results show the involvement of the defined regions and indicate that the WIT is sensitive to brain lesions. This WIT-based block design paradigm can be used as a research methodology for behavioral and neuroimaging studies of the attentional and inhibitory components of executive functions.
- An international cross-sectional investigation on social media, fitspiration content exposure, and related risks during the COVID-19 self-isolation periodPublication . Cataldo, Ilaria; Burkauska, Julius; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Carvalho, Irene P.; Simonato, Pierluigi; De Luca, laria; Gómez-Martínez, Maria Ángeles; Rebeca, Alejandra; Ventola, Melero; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Szabo, Attila; Ábel, Krisztina Edina; Shibata, Mami; Kobayashi, Kei; Fujiwara, Hironobu; Arroyo-Anlló, Eva Maria; Martinotti, Giovanni; Barbosa, Fernando; Griskova-Bulanova, Inga; Pranckeviciene, Aiste; Bowden-Jones, Henrietta; Esposito, Gianluca; Corazza, OrnellaWith the global COVID-19 pandemic, governments from many countries in the world implemented various restrictions to prevent the SARS-Cov-2 virus's spread, including social distancing measures, quarantine, in-home lockdown, and the closure of services and public spaces. This led to an in-creased use of social media platforms to make people feel more connected, but also to maintain physical activity while self-isolating. Concerns about physical appearance and the desire to keep or reach a muscular and toned ideal body, might have further reinforced the engagement in fitness-related social media activities, like sharing progresses in training achievements or following more fitness contents on popular profiles. To better understand the underlying relation among these factors, the present study investigates 729 responses to the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and their association to social media usage and compares the results cross-culturally in five countries (Spain, Lithuania, United Kingdom, Japan, and Hungary). Findings highlight significant differences between males and females, espe-cially in regard to the time spent online (U = 477.5, p = 0.036). Greater levels of appearance anxiety were associated with the exposure to fitness-related contents on social media. These results strongly confirm the previously highlighted association between fitspiration media and body image anxiety predominantly in females. Clinical implications and future considerations in terms of prevention and treatment in a situation of global emergency are also discussed.
- Analysis of oscillatory brain activity in gamers and non-gamers during different cognitive tasksPublication . Duarte, Vinicius; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Tavares, DianaSome studies suggest that the pathological use of video games is related to high impulsivity and risky decision making. To analyze the EEG activity of compulsive gamers and non-gamers, while performing one inhibitory control and a decision-making task.
- Analysis of the alterations induced by working memory tasks in the electroencephalogramPublication . Franco, Joana; Tavares, Diana; Sucena, AnaThe working memory (WM) is an essential cognitive function with limited capability that allows the temporary storage and manipulation of information used in complex cognitive tasks. The Fluid Intelligence (FI) is the ability to engage and respond to new situations, regardless of previous knowledge.
- Anxiety and social support as predictors of student academic motivation during the COVID-19Publication . Camacho, Ana; Correia, N.; Zacoletti, S.; Daniel, J. R.In this study we examined whether parents’ perceptions of students’ anxiety as well as perceived support from both teachers and classmates were predictive of changes in students’ academic motivation during the first wave of COVID-19. To this end, we used a retrospective pretest-posttest design together with a latent change score model to analyze our data.
- Assessing coping, emotional regulation, and psychosocial perceptions of academic stress in undergraduatesPublication . Teixeira, Ricardo J.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barreto, João Francisco; Sucena, Ana; Martins, Helena; Magalhães, AndreiaLiterature suggests most college students appear to lack the knowledge and skills to effectively cope with stressful academic experiences (Gall, Evans, & Bellrose, 2000). Ineffective coping strategies may increase students’ health problems, demand for health services, and attrition rates (Morrison & O’Connor, 2005). This study aims to examine the associations, and processes between psychosocial variables deemed important in academic transitions.