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- Assessing assessmentPublication . Peres, Paula; Silva, Manuel; Tavares, CéliaIn the online environments some case studies we’ve developed and day-to-day experience have shown that, several times, online learning activities are promoted without considering the assessment of cognitive results that derive from those activities. Engaging students appears as the main justification. And when students’ involvement is not what it was expected? Should a student be penalized by not being a part of an online activity? Isn’t he/she also participating with the silent follow up that he/she chooses to do? Isn’t he/she learning? In the teacher’s point of view, the analysis of each of the students’ interventions may be a hard and time consuming task, especially in large classes. On the other hand, an automated process of the students’ interventions may be overrated in messages of social nature that show little cognitive activity. This context led to a study that aims to determine which are the most suitable activities for the learning process and objectives assessment. The research led into an innovative assessment model that seeks an alignment between objectives, softskills, assessment, content and other variables. The model that we suggest describes a solution for the elaboration of assessment questions by nature and expected results. It also suggests online activities that, for their innovative character, seek the students’ engagement, the objectives accomplishment and the balance between the teachers pedagogical, managerial, social and technical dimensions.
- Estruturação e representação gráfica de sistemas conceptuais. Uma abordagem no subdomínio da mortalidadePublication . Silva, ManuelEstruturação e representação gráfica de sistemas conceptuais. Uma abordagem no subdomínio da mortalidade
- Localização de ontologias - elementos para a construção de uma abordagemPublication . Silva, ManuelO desenvolvimento de recursos multilingues robustos para fazer face às exigências crescentes na complexidade dos processos intra e inter-organizacionais é um processo complexo que obriga a um aumento da qualidade nos modos de interacção e partilha dos recursos das organizações, através, por exemplo, de um maior envolvimento dos diferentes interlocutores em formas eficazes e inovadoras de colaboração. É um processo em que se identificam vários problemas e dificuldades, como sendo, no caso da criação de bases de dados lexicais multilingues, o desenvolvimento de uma arquitectura capaz de dar resposta a um conjunto vasto de questões linguísticas, como a polissemia, os padrões lexicais ou os equivalentes de tradução. Estas questões colocam-se na construção quer dos recursos terminológicos, quer de ontologias multilingues. No caso da construção de uma ontologia em diferentes línguas, processo no qual focalizaremos a nossa atenção, as questões e a complexidade aumentam, dado o tipo e propósitos do artefacto semântico, os elementos a localizar (conceitos e relações conceptuais) e o contexto em que o processo de localização ocorre. Pretendemos, assim, com este artigo, analisar o conceito e o processo de localização no contexto dos sistemas de gestão do conhecimento baseados em ontologias, tendo em atenção o papel central da terminologia no processo de localização, as diferentes abordagens e modelos propostos, bem como as ferramentas de base linguística que apoiam a implementação do processo. Procuraremos, finalmente, estabelecer alguns paralelismos entre o processo tradicional de localização e o processo de localização de ontologias, para melhor o situar e definir.
- A quest for the right word enhancing reflexivity and technology in terminology trainingPublication . Albuquerque, Alexandra; Silva, ManuelWhen it comes to translators training, the acquisition of indexing and terminological competences (both at retrieval and management stage) has a major role in the performance of future translators. A good terminological database, as a result of an accurate research, along with computer assisted translation tools (CAT tools) can improve translation’s speed and quality and also reduce revision costs, bringing in benefits for all the players in the translation industry: language service providers and clients. That process (analysis, selection, retrieval and storage of terminology) takes place mostly in the pretranslation stage, but underlies the whole translation work and can be a determining factor to the quality of the final product and to its homogeneity, especially when carried out in a collaborative environment. The development of terminological databases is an essential step in the training of translators and the efficient search for the right word a necessary skill in today's globalised translation market. Moreover being the quest for the right word almost entirely run over the Internet, data diversity can greatly increase the noise. This search poses several questions, mainly (1) how and where to retrieve information and (2) how to manage it efficiently, especially to students who are neither experts in terminology nor in translation. To ease some of these problems, students were assigned a project in terminology (a database) and, in order to accomplish it, both a Webquest and an ePortfolio were proposed as guidance tools. Along the process, students were expected to build up their thematic and communicative competence and, in parallel, widen their skills in computer-assisted translation tools as well as standard officeautomation software. This paper aims at discussing how these two tools helped students guide their research, structure the problem solving activities, develop critical thinking and terminological competencies.
- Perspectivas da terminologia na concepção de um dicionário multilingue de especialidade: abordagem à estruturação conceptual de um subdomínio do dicionárioPublication . Silva, ManuelUma das abordagens mais importantes da terminologia é a desenvolvida pelas disciplinas técnico-científicas, para as quais representa a reflexão formal da sua organização conceptual e, como tal, um meio essencial de expressão e comunicação. De forma a desenvolver as diferentes tarefas a que se propõe, a terminologia tem como principal objecto de estudo os textos de línguas de especialidade, que são o primeiro veículo, por excelência, de expressão e comunicação das disciplinas suprareferidas. Estes textos reflectem, normalmente, um tipo de comunicação especializada, cujo objectivo é o da transferência de conhecimentos, realizada com recurso a um sistema de representação verbal. No entanto, a abertura e a extensão do texto escrito a outros meios de representação, sobretudo nas áreas técnicas, está a conduzir a uma nova tendência no campo da terminologia e da pesquisa das línguas de especialidade, que tem vindo a reforçar a importância da utilização de formas não-verbais para representar o conhecimento. A tendência para o aumento do uso destas formas de representação, normalmente em complemento ou conjugação com a informação verbal, aponta para um novo paradigma em que a linguagem, como representação do pensamento, parece estar em busca de uma nova abordagem que venha transformar a maneira de produzir, organizar e transmitir conhecimentos, recorrendo às novas tecnologias, cada vez mais à disposição da chamada sociedade do conhecimento. A nossa percepção desta realidade ganhou maior consistência ao longo do desenvolvimento de um projecto terminográfico de elaboração do Dicionário Multilingue de População e Desenvolvimento, no qual o recurso a sistemas de representação nãoverbais (organigramas e outro tipo de representações visuais), utilizados como forma de percepção e organização dos conceitos e dos domínios a incluir no dicionário, se tornou um meio importante de aquisição, discussão, estruturação e transmissão do conhecimento. Daí a decisão de abordarmos, ainda que de forma breve, a análise de duas problemáticas sugeridas pelo desenrolar daquele projecto. A primeira recai sobre o estabelecimento de relações semânticas entre os conceitos, sobre as implicações deste processo na estruturação conceptual e sobre a sua importância no processamento da informação terminológica. A segunda incide na análise do recurso aos meios de representação não-verbais e do papel que desempenham e que podem vir a desempenhar no desenrolar do processo terminológico, enquanto elementos de estruturação de um sistema conceptual, de estruturação de um projecto terminológico e de comunicação especializada. Estas duas problemáticas estão directamente interrelacionadas e devem ser analisadas em conjunto, sobretudo quando se trata de formalizar a informação e armazená-la numa base de dados terminológica, de forma a poder ser processada (semi)automaticamente.
- B-Learning – An Institutional and Operational Development ToolPublication . Silva, Manuel; Peres, Paula; Tavares, Célia; Oliveira, Lucianae-Learning has been gaining a huge acceptance among educators, specially in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). This happens due to the exponential growth of the use of Internet and educational technologies that allowed deep transformations in the teaching-learning process and paradigm. Nowadays Internet has been reinforcing its role as a mediator-facilitator platform in education, allowing the creation of new contexts where learning opportunities can be expanded and potencially collaborative and where the resources are widely available. In this context, HEI have great responsibility in granting teacher and student access to suitable educational technologies, in providing the adequate means for the adoption of those tools and in the creation of opportunities for the dissemination of technical knowledge and pedagogical expertise amongst all intervenient. In fact, e-learning has become a competitive factor amongst institutions, and schools are confronted with the need to realign their mission, by developing and implementing different initiatives and projects so as to support and motivate teachers and to offer today’s students complementary means for the acquisition of knowledge and skills. In this paper we will analyse the case the Online Support Project (PAOL) and the approach followed by the School of Accounting and Administration of Oporto (ISCAP). The main goals of PAOL are to provide the implementation of computer assisted education at ISCAP in a blended learning model and to assist teachers and students in their adjustment to educational technologies, by developing training opportunities and resources, offering technical facilities and sharing good practice. The project began its activity in 2003 with WebCT, but soon changed its approach with the adoption of the open source platform Moodle and the integration of specialized staff to assist teachers and students on a daily basis. Since then, the b-learning model that PAOL initiated has been maturing the school’s educational culture, according to the teacher’s willingness or availability to integrate technology in the teaching-learning process. The use of Web technologies follows a similar trend to that of Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory, as it developed due to the enthusiasm of some innovators and grew steadily in adepts, having now 162 teachers who use Moodle on a regular basis. Teacher’s role in this process can be classified into different types, having, for instance, teachers that are keener to participate and integrate technology, teachers that only allow themselves to participate if the experience is proven successful by others and teachers that are reluctant to participate in any form. It is important to analyse the impact of these roles in the institutional development of b-learning so that we can develop new solutions and approaches that better meet the expectations of the institution. Thus, this paper will focus on the knowledge acquired throughout the experience in the use of Moodle by PAOL at ISCAP throughout the years (2003-2009), as well as the collaborative and cooperative relationships that have been established between teachers, students and the use of b-learning educational approaches and technology.
- Promoting dynamic CLIL courses in portuguese Higher Education: from design and training to implementationPublication . Arau Ribeiro, María Del Carmen; Silva, Manuel; Morgado, Margarida; Coelho, MargaridaThis article demonstrates the method, procedures and results of a national research project aiming to implement Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) courses in Portuguese higher education (HE). ReCLes.pt, the Network Association of Language Centres in HE in Portugal, carried out a review of the literature and an extensive needs analysis based on interviews with administrators and subject teachers to substantiate this need for CLIL in HE. The irst 10-hour CLIL teacher training pilot courses, conceived of as Communities of Practice, involved learning to deal with approaches to teaching language and content by scaffolding and applying a terminology-based approach, all of which was systematized in a collaboratively written training guide. Data gathering instruments were created for observation, questioning and documenting, which served to analyse the results and assess the sustainability of the interrelated objectives of creating
- The ReCLes.pt CLIL project in practice: teaching with results in higher educationPublication . Arau Ribeiro, María del Carmen; Morgado, Margarida; Chumbo, Isabel; Gonçalves, Ana; Silva, Manuel; Coelho, MargaridaBased on the project partially funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), the ReCLes.pt CLIL initiative created communities of practice and learning for Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Higher Education. The project was implemented in six polytechnic institutes in Portugal to support and develop teaching in English based on a methodology that integrates content and language while attending to learners’ needs in both areas. Despite the growing number of English as a Medium of Instruction classes in Higher Education, there remains a paucity of CLIL in the country, both at this and at other levels, although neighboring Spain, for example, has demonstrated an ample use of the CLIL approach, especially in primary and secondary schools. This paper provides an opportunity to get to know these communities of practice and learning in Higher Education to better understand the various ways of dealing with this concept, involving not only the English teachers but also the specific subject teachers in training. This contribution also covers the basis for this training, how the groups are formed, ways to make them work, and best practice as well as results related to monitoring and assessment over the initial three years of the project. The variety of topics and tools created for the 33 piloted modules by these communities of CLIL practice and learning have been published as part of the project. In many cases, continue to be specifically designed and then implemented and assessed in Portuguese Higher Education based on the ReCLes.pt CLIL Training Guide (Morgado et al., 2015).
- Enhancing reflexivity and technology in translation learning: case study on the use of ePortfolio as a training environmentPublication . Tavares, Célia; Albuquerque, Alexandra; Silva, Manuel; Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do PortoIn this paper we describe a casestudy of an experiment on how reflexivity and technology can enhance learning, by using ePorfolios as a training environment to develop translation skills. Translation is today a multiskilled job and translators need to assure their clients a good performance and quality, both in language and in technology domains. In order to accomplish it, for the translator all the tasks and processes he develops appear as crucial, being pretranslation and posttranslation processes equally important as the translation itself, namely as far as autonomy, reflexive and critical skills are concerned. Finally, the need and relevance for collaborative tasks and networks amongst virtual translation communities, led us to the decision of implementing ePortfolios as a tool to develop the requested skills and extend the use of Internet in translation, namely in terminology management phases, for the completion of each task, by helping students in the management of the projects deadlines, improving their knowledge on the construction and management of translation resources and deepening their awareness about the concepts related to the development and usability of ePorfolios.
- Localização de ontologias de domínio : o português como língua de estruturação de conhecimentoPublication . Silva, ManuelA crescente existência de espaços multilingues de partilha de informação - como as redes sociais e as redes colaborativas, que se caracterizam pela heterogeneidade e multiculturalidade - cria a necessidade da existência de novos tipos de sistemas de organização do conhecimento que tornem mais eficiente a partilha de conhecimento. No entanto, verifica-se, ainda, uma falha de comunicação entre as representações formalizadas do conhecimento, como as ontologias, e os utilizadores que recorrem à sua língua (natural) para aceder ao conhecimento. Como forma de ultrapassar esta falha, apontámos a necessidade de explorar e desenvolver mais aprofundadamente as técnicas e ferramentas de tradução e localização em adequação a este contexto, em conjugação com a promoção de novas abordagens, de carácter multidisciplinar, com recurso a modelos de conhecimento do mundo inspirados, por exemplo, nas redes sociais, visão que procuraremos desenvolver neste artigo. Tendo em conta esta proposta, propomo-nos a analisar as lacunas patentes no acesso à informação e à comunicação especializada multilingue e a refletir sobre o modo como este cenário representa um problema para as organizações internacionais, em geral, e para as organizações portuguesas, em particular. Nesse sentido, e tendo em especial atenção o uso da língua portuguesa como língua de conhecimento, pretendemos apresentar uma análise ao processo de localização de ontologias e a diferentes abordagens e ferramentas que promovem a integração e a gestão dos elementos multilingues de uma ontologia, tendo por base um caso de estudo desenvolvido no seio de um domínio específico – o da reabilitação urbana - e de uma rede colaborativa multilingue e multicultural. Exploraremos, finalmente, neste contexto, o papel desempenhado pela terminologia na representação do conhecimento, mais especificamente, no desenvolvimento dos processos de conceptualização e especificação multilingue de ontologias.
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