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- B-learning: potenciador de estratégias de combate ao insucesso escolarPublication . Silva, Manuel; Peres, Paula; Pereira, Rui HumbertoSendo o insucesso escolar um problema universal nas instituições de ensino, torna-se necessário encontrar a fórmula para o diminuir para níveis que deixem de constituir um problema tão grave como actualmente. Muitas estratégias pedagógicas têm sido utilizadas, mas certamente que a aposta passará pela responsabilização do aluno e pelo estímulo à sua capacidade de realizar um estudo autónomo. Neste plano, o b-learning assume um papel preponderante na medida em que poderá constituir uma alavanca para essa transformação. Os métodos tradicionais de ensino/aprendizagem deverão evoluir no sentido de optimizar a adaptação dos seus principais intervenientes - alunos e professores - dotando-os das competências pedagógicas e técnicas necessárias. Neste contexto, iniciativas que promovam a disseminação de hábitos e práticas pedagógicas complementares ao ensino presencial assumem uma importância acrescida. Analisando o caso concreto do PAOL - Projecto de Apoio On-Line do ISCAP, verificamos que este constitui uma força propulsora e promotora da modificação generalizada das práticas, uma vez que propõe o b-learning como reforço da componente presencial, e não como mero meio transmissor de conhecimento. Apresenta-se assim como instrumento de combate ao insucesso escolar, distendendo o papel do formador a ambientes virtuais e ampliando a responsabilização do aprendiz no processo de formação. O presente artigo descreve o percurso do PAOL, iniciado no ISCAP no ano lectivo 2003/2004, bem como as estratégias desenvolvidas para a implementação sustentada de uma plataforma de e-learning, actualmente baseada no Moodle. Serão analisados os sucessos e os fracassos de um projecto que, ainda em fase de amadurecimento, apresenta já alguns resultados positivos na componente da cultura institucional de e/b-learning. A experiência do PAOL desafia assim as instituições de ensino superior a (re)pensarem seus modelos pedagógicos no sentido de auxiliar a aprendizagem ao longo da vida e a adequação às mudanças inerentes ao processo de Bolonha. O desenvolvimento experimental atingido com este projecto pretende contribuir para a criação de um referencial de inovação nas instituições de ensino superior, procurando entender como se desenvolve a inovação e quais os seus principais condicionantes.
- Modeling and simulation of walking robots with 3 dof legsPublication . Silva, Manuel; Tenreiro Machado, J. A.; Jesus, Isabel S.This paper describes a simulation model for a multilegged locomotion system with 3 dof legs and leg joint actuators having saturation. For that objective the robot prescribed motion is characterized in terms of several locomotion variables. Moreover, the robot body is divided into several segments in order to emulate the behavior of an animal spine. A non-linear spring-dashpot system models the foot-ground interaction, being its parameters computed from studies on soil mechanics. To conclude, the performance of the developed model is evaluated through a set of experiments while the robot leg joints are controlled using a proportional and derivative algorithm.
- Assessing assessmentPublication . Peres, Paula; Silva, Manuel; Tavares, CéliaIn the online environments some case studies we’ve developed and day-to-day experience have shown that, several times, online learning activities are promoted without considering the assessment of cognitive results that derive from those activities. Engaging students appears as the main justification. And when students’ involvement is not what it was expected? Should a student be penalized by not being a part of an online activity? Isn’t he/she also participating with the silent follow up that he/she chooses to do? Isn’t he/she learning? In the teacher’s point of view, the analysis of each of the students’ interventions may be a hard and time consuming task, especially in large classes. On the other hand, an automated process of the students’ interventions may be overrated in messages of social nature that show little cognitive activity. This context led to a study that aims to determine which are the most suitable activities for the learning process and objectives assessment. The research led into an innovative assessment model that seeks an alignment between objectives, softskills, assessment, content and other variables. The model that we suggest describes a solution for the elaboration of assessment questions by nature and expected results. It also suggests online activities that, for their innovative character, seek the students’ engagement, the objectives accomplishment and the balance between the teachers pedagogical, managerial, social and technical dimensions.
- Estruturação e representação gráfica de sistemas conceptuais. Uma abordagem no subdomínio da mortalidadePublication . Silva, ManuelEstruturação e representação gráfica de sistemas conceptuais. Uma abordagem no subdomínio da mortalidade
- Localização de ontologias - elementos para a construção de uma abordagemPublication . Silva, ManuelO desenvolvimento de recursos multilingues robustos para fazer face às exigências crescentes na complexidade dos processos intra e inter-organizacionais é um processo complexo que obriga a um aumento da qualidade nos modos de interacção e partilha dos recursos das organizações, através, por exemplo, de um maior envolvimento dos diferentes interlocutores em formas eficazes e inovadoras de colaboração. É um processo em que se identificam vários problemas e dificuldades, como sendo, no caso da criação de bases de dados lexicais multilingues, o desenvolvimento de uma arquitectura capaz de dar resposta a um conjunto vasto de questões linguísticas, como a polissemia, os padrões lexicais ou os equivalentes de tradução. Estas questões colocam-se na construção quer dos recursos terminológicos, quer de ontologias multilingues. No caso da construção de uma ontologia em diferentes línguas, processo no qual focalizaremos a nossa atenção, as questões e a complexidade aumentam, dado o tipo e propósitos do artefacto semântico, os elementos a localizar (conceitos e relações conceptuais) e o contexto em que o processo de localização ocorre. Pretendemos, assim, com este artigo, analisar o conceito e o processo de localização no contexto dos sistemas de gestão do conhecimento baseados em ontologias, tendo em atenção o papel central da terminologia no processo de localização, as diferentes abordagens e modelos propostos, bem como as ferramentas de base linguística que apoiam a implementação do processo. Procuraremos, finalmente, estabelecer alguns paralelismos entre o processo tradicional de localização e o processo de localização de ontologias, para melhor o situar e definir.
- A quest for the right word enhancing reflexivity and technology in terminology trainingPublication . Albuquerque, Alexandra; Silva, ManuelWhen it comes to translators training, the acquisition of indexing and terminological competences (both at retrieval and management stage) has a major role in the performance of future translators. A good terminological database, as a result of an accurate research, along with computer assisted translation tools (CAT tools) can improve translation’s speed and quality and also reduce revision costs, bringing in benefits for all the players in the translation industry: language service providers and clients. That process (analysis, selection, retrieval and storage of terminology) takes place mostly in the pretranslation stage, but underlies the whole translation work and can be a determining factor to the quality of the final product and to its homogeneity, especially when carried out in a collaborative environment. The development of terminological databases is an essential step in the training of translators and the efficient search for the right word a necessary skill in today's globalised translation market. Moreover being the quest for the right word almost entirely run over the Internet, data diversity can greatly increase the noise. This search poses several questions, mainly (1) how and where to retrieve information and (2) how to manage it efficiently, especially to students who are neither experts in terminology nor in translation. To ease some of these problems, students were assigned a project in terminology (a database) and, in order to accomplish it, both a Webquest and an ePortfolio were proposed as guidance tools. Along the process, students were expected to build up their thematic and communicative competence and, in parallel, widen their skills in computer-assisted translation tools as well as standard officeautomation software. This paper aims at discussing how these two tools helped students guide their research, structure the problem solving activities, develop critical thinking and terminological competencies.
- Perspectivas da terminologia na concepção de um dicionário multilingue de especialidade: abordagem à estruturação conceptual de um subdomínio do dicionárioPublication . Silva, ManuelUma das abordagens mais importantes da terminologia é a desenvolvida pelas disciplinas técnico-científicas, para as quais representa a reflexão formal da sua organização conceptual e, como tal, um meio essencial de expressão e comunicação. De forma a desenvolver as diferentes tarefas a que se propõe, a terminologia tem como principal objecto de estudo os textos de línguas de especialidade, que são o primeiro veículo, por excelência, de expressão e comunicação das disciplinas suprareferidas. Estes textos reflectem, normalmente, um tipo de comunicação especializada, cujo objectivo é o da transferência de conhecimentos, realizada com recurso a um sistema de representação verbal. No entanto, a abertura e a extensão do texto escrito a outros meios de representação, sobretudo nas áreas técnicas, está a conduzir a uma nova tendência no campo da terminologia e da pesquisa das línguas de especialidade, que tem vindo a reforçar a importância da utilização de formas não-verbais para representar o conhecimento. A tendência para o aumento do uso destas formas de representação, normalmente em complemento ou conjugação com a informação verbal, aponta para um novo paradigma em que a linguagem, como representação do pensamento, parece estar em busca de uma nova abordagem que venha transformar a maneira de produzir, organizar e transmitir conhecimentos, recorrendo às novas tecnologias, cada vez mais à disposição da chamada sociedade do conhecimento. A nossa percepção desta realidade ganhou maior consistência ao longo do desenvolvimento de um projecto terminográfico de elaboração do Dicionário Multilingue de População e Desenvolvimento, no qual o recurso a sistemas de representação nãoverbais (organigramas e outro tipo de representações visuais), utilizados como forma de percepção e organização dos conceitos e dos domínios a incluir no dicionário, se tornou um meio importante de aquisição, discussão, estruturação e transmissão do conhecimento. Daí a decisão de abordarmos, ainda que de forma breve, a análise de duas problemáticas sugeridas pelo desenrolar daquele projecto. A primeira recai sobre o estabelecimento de relações semânticas entre os conceitos, sobre as implicações deste processo na estruturação conceptual e sobre a sua importância no processamento da informação terminológica. A segunda incide na análise do recurso aos meios de representação não-verbais e do papel que desempenham e que podem vir a desempenhar no desenrolar do processo terminológico, enquanto elementos de estruturação de um sistema conceptual, de estruturação de um projecto terminológico e de comunicação especializada. Estas duas problemáticas estão directamente interrelacionadas e devem ser analisadas em conjunto, sobretudo quando se trata de formalizar a informação e armazená-la numa base de dados terminológica, de forma a poder ser processada (semi)automaticamente.
- B-Learning – An Institutional and Operational Development ToolPublication . Silva, Manuel; Peres, Paula; Tavares, Célia; Oliveira, Lucianae-Learning has been gaining a huge acceptance among educators, specially in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). This happens due to the exponential growth of the use of Internet and educational technologies that allowed deep transformations in the teaching-learning process and paradigm. Nowadays Internet has been reinforcing its role as a mediator-facilitator platform in education, allowing the creation of new contexts where learning opportunities can be expanded and potencially collaborative and where the resources are widely available. In this context, HEI have great responsibility in granting teacher and student access to suitable educational technologies, in providing the adequate means for the adoption of those tools and in the creation of opportunities for the dissemination of technical knowledge and pedagogical expertise amongst all intervenient. In fact, e-learning has become a competitive factor amongst institutions, and schools are confronted with the need to realign their mission, by developing and implementing different initiatives and projects so as to support and motivate teachers and to offer today’s students complementary means for the acquisition of knowledge and skills. In this paper we will analyse the case the Online Support Project (PAOL) and the approach followed by the School of Accounting and Administration of Oporto (ISCAP). The main goals of PAOL are to provide the implementation of computer assisted education at ISCAP in a blended learning model and to assist teachers and students in their adjustment to educational technologies, by developing training opportunities and resources, offering technical facilities and sharing good practice. The project began its activity in 2003 with WebCT, but soon changed its approach with the adoption of the open source platform Moodle and the integration of specialized staff to assist teachers and students on a daily basis. Since then, the b-learning model that PAOL initiated has been maturing the school’s educational culture, according to the teacher’s willingness or availability to integrate technology in the teaching-learning process. The use of Web technologies follows a similar trend to that of Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory, as it developed due to the enthusiasm of some innovators and grew steadily in adepts, having now 162 teachers who use Moodle on a regular basis. Teacher’s role in this process can be classified into different types, having, for instance, teachers that are keener to participate and integrate technology, teachers that only allow themselves to participate if the experience is proven successful by others and teachers that are reluctant to participate in any form. It is important to analyse the impact of these roles in the institutional development of b-learning so that we can develop new solutions and approaches that better meet the expectations of the institution. Thus, this paper will focus on the knowledge acquired throughout the experience in the use of Moodle by PAOL at ISCAP throughout the years (2003-2009), as well as the collaborative and cooperative relationships that have been established between teachers, students and the use of b-learning educational approaches and technology.
- Promoting dynamic CLIL courses in portuguese Higher Education: from design and training to implementationPublication . Arau Ribeiro, María Del Carmen; Silva, Manuel; Morgado, Margarida; Coelho, MargaridaThis article demonstrates the method, procedures and results of a national research project aiming to implement Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) courses in Portuguese higher education (HE). ReCLes.pt, the Network Association of Language Centres in HE in Portugal, carried out a review of the literature and an extensive needs analysis based on interviews with administrators and subject teachers to substantiate this need for CLIL in HE. The irst 10-hour CLIL teacher training pilot courses, conceived of as Communities of Practice, involved learning to deal with approaches to teaching language and content by scaffolding and applying a terminology-based approach, all of which was systematized in a collaboratively written training guide. Data gathering instruments were created for observation, questioning and documenting, which served to analyse the results and assess the sustainability of the interrelated objectives of creating
- Terminology and knowledge engineering conference. New frontiers in the constructive symbiosis of terminology and knowledge engineeringPublication . Costa, Rute; Silva, Manuel; Soares, António LucasTo meet the increasing demands of the complex inter-organizational processes and the demand for continuous innovation and internationalization, it is evident that new forms of organisation are being adopted, fostering more intensive collaboration processes and sharing of resources, in what can be called collaborative networks (Camarinha-Matos, 2006:03). Information and knowledge are crucial resources in collaborative networks, being their management fundamental processes to optimize. Knowledge organisation and collaboration systems are thus important instruments for the success of collaborative networks of organisations having been researched in the last decade in the areas of computer science, information science, management sciences, terminology and linguistics. Nevertheless, research in this area didn’t give much attention to multilingual contexts of collaboration, which pose specific and challenging problems. It is then clear that access to and representation of knowledge will happen more and more on a multilingual setting which implies the overcoming of difficulties inherent to the presence of multiple languages, through the use of processes like localization of ontologies. Although localization, like other processes that involve multilingualism, is a rather well-developed practice and its methodologies and tools fruitfully employed by the language industry in the development and adaptation of multilingual content, it has not yet been sufficiently explored as an element of support to the development of knowledge representations - in particular ontologies - expressed in more than one language. Multilingual knowledge representation is then an open research area calling for cross-contributions from knowledge engineering, terminology, ontology engineering, cognitive sciences, computational linguistics, natural language processing, and management sciences. This workshop joined researchers interested in multilingual knowledge representation, in a multidisciplinary environment to debate the possibilities of cross-fertilization between knowledge engineering, terminology, ontology engineering, cognitive sciences, computational linguistics, natural language processing, and management sciences applied to contexts where multilingualism continuously creates new and demanding challenges to current knowledge representation methods and techniques. In this workshop six papers dealing with different approaches to multilingual knowledge representation are presented, most of them describing tools, approaches and results obtained in the development of ongoing projects. In the first case, Andrés Domínguez Burgos, Koen Kerremansa and Rita Temmerman present a software module that is part of a workbench for terminological and ontological mining, Termontospider, a wiki crawler that aims at optimally traverse Wikipedia in search of domainspecific texts for extracting terminological and ontological information. The crawler is part of a tool suite for automatically developing multilingual termontological databases, i.e. ontologicallyunderpinned multilingual terminological databases. In this paper the authors describe the basic principles behind the crawler and summarized the research setting in which the tool is currently tested. In the second paper, Fumiko Kano presents a work comparing four feature-based similarity measures derived from cognitive sciences. The purpose of the comparative analysis presented by the author is to verify the potentially most effective model that can be applied for mapping independent ontologies in a culturally influenced domain. For that, datasets based on standardized pre-defined feature dimensions and values, which are obtainable from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) have been used for the comparative analysis of the similarity measures. The purpose of the comparison is to verify the similarity measures based on the objectively developed datasets. According to the author the results demonstrate that the Bayesian Model of Generalization provides for the most effective cognitive model for identifying the most similar corresponding concepts existing for a targeted socio-cultural community. In another presentation, Thierry Declerck, Hans-Ulrich Krieger and Dagmar Gromann present an ongoing work and propose an approach to automatic extraction of information from multilingual financial Web resources, to provide candidate terms for building ontology elements or instances of ontology concepts. The authors present a complementary approach to the direct localization/translation of ontology labels, by acquiring terminologies through the access and harvesting of multilingual Web presences of structured information providers in the field of finance, leading to both the detection of candidate terms in various multilingual sources in the financial domain that can be used not only as labels of ontology classes and properties but also for the possible generation of (multilingual) domain ontologies themselves. In the next paper, Manuel Silva, António Lucas Soares and Rute Costa claim that despite the availability of tools, resources and techniques aimed at the construction of ontological artifacts, developing a shared conceptualization of a given reality still raises questions about the principles and methods that support the initial phases of conceptualization. These questions become, according to the authors, more complex when the conceptualization occurs in a multilingual setting. To tackle these issues the authors present a collaborative platform – conceptME - where terminological and knowledge representation processes support domain experts throughout a conceptualization framework, allowing the inclusion of multilingual data as a way to promote knowledge sharing and enhance conceptualization and support a multilingual ontology specification. In another presentation Frieda Steurs and Hendrik J. Kockaert present us TermWise, a large project dealing with legal terminology and phraseology for the Belgian public services, i.e. the translation office of the ministry of justice, a project which aims at developing an advanced tool including expert knowledge in the algorithms that extract specialized language from textual data (legal documents) and whose outcome is a knowledge database including Dutch/French equivalents for legal concepts, enriched with the phraseology related to the terms under discussion. Finally, Deborah Grbac, Luca Losito, Andrea Sada and Paolo Sirito report on the preliminary results of a pilot project currently ongoing at UCSC Central Library, where they propose to adapt to subject librarians, employed in large and multilingual Academic Institutions, the model used by translators working within European Union Institutions. The authors are using User Experience (UX) Analysis in order to provide subject librarians with a visual support, by means of “ontology tables” depicting conceptual linking and connections of words with concepts presented according to their semantic and linguistic meaning. The organizers hope that the selection of papers presented here will be of interest to a broad audience, and will be a starting point for further discussion and cooperation.
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