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- Social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems: an empirical examinationPublication . Bernardino, Susana; Freitas Santos, José; Cadima Ribeiro, J.Entrepreneurial ecosystems and social entrepreneurship are receiving increasing attention for their ability to foster economic and social development. This study adopts the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach to analyse the extent to which the perceived favourability of external environment promotes or deters the launch of new ventures by social entrepreneurs. The research was based on a survey that collected data through a questionnaire emailed to Portuguese social entrepreneurship ventures. The results show that a favourable entrepreneurial ecosystem has low importance in the decision to develop new social ventures. This result is particularly consistent in more innovative social ventures. This conclusion supports the idea that many social ventures are not based on social innovation, but derive from a traditional approach to social problems. Therefore, the development of new innovative social ventures has to be supported by institutional stakeholders in order to support social entrepreneurs, regardless of the level of favourability of the entrepreneurial context.
- Using social media and social entrepreneur’s network to increase resources: what’s it worth?Publication . Bernardino, Susana; Santos, José de Freitas; Silva, PedroResources are scarce, but critical for social the social entrepreneur, as the lack of them may undermine the accomplishment of the activities and mission of the social venture. This investigation aims to examine the extent to which the social entrepreneur reliance on its personal network and social media affects its capacity to attract resources for the social organization. For this purpose, a structural equation model was estimated based on data collected from a survey administered to a sample of Portuguese social organizations. The results show that social entrepreneur’s network linkages have a direct and an indirect effect on resources. Directly, the governance of the social entrepreneur’s linkages with new and actual stakeholders seems to attract more resources for the social organization. The indirect impact on resources occurs via social media usage: first, by managing and establishing relationships with new stakeholders; second, by managing the personal linkages with the current network of stakeholders.
- Should a young entrepreneur do a crowdfunding cam-paign? A study among Portuguese higher education business studentsPublication . Bernardino, Susana; Santos, José de FreitasYoung entrepreneurs, especially the most qualified students, have recently begun to play a new role in the economy and to emerge as protagonists of new business projects, mainly focusing on market niches. Despite the growth that crowdfund-ing (CF) has experienced in recent years all over the world, it is a tool still under-exploited by young entrepreneurs. This communication aims to understand the behaviour of potential young entrepreneurs towards CF and to analyse their pre-disposition to use this source of financing for starting a new venture in the tour-ism and hospitality industry. To achieve this goal, this communication uses a quantitative approach with prima-ry data collected through an online survey. The results of the study indicate that potential young entrepreneurs have a low predisposition to use CF as a funding mechanism. This behaviour is influenced by the characteristics of potential entrepreneurs, especially gender and past expe-riences in creating organisations and using collaborative financing.
- Práticas de gestão de recursos humanos nas organizações sociais em Portugal: um estudo exploratórioPublication . Bernardino, Susana; Freitas Santos, JoséOs recursos humanos são apontados como um importante ativo para as organizações em geral, sendo particularmente relevantes para as organizações sociais. Este estudo procede à recolha de dados primários, por questionário, junto dos responsáveis das organizações sociais em Portugal, com o objetivo de conhecer as suas práticas de gestão de recursos humanos. Um objetivo complementar do estudo consistiu em compreender se essas práticas variavam (ou não) em função do perfil da organização social e do seu responsável. A investigação quantitativa realizada indicou uma forte valorização das práticas de gestão de recursos humanos, com perfis distintos em função das organizações sociais. Assim, enquanto algumas organizações procuram valorizar a gestão de colaboradores remunerados, outras tendem a concentrar a sua atenção essencialmente na gestão de voluntários. A investigação revela ainda que a valorização de diferentes práticas de gestão de recursos humanos é condicionada pelas características do empreendedor social e do nível de concorrência do ambiente em que as organizações atuam.
- Estratégias de marketing digital na construção de uma marca cidade – o caso de Castelo BrancoPublication . Bernardino, Susana; Matos, Margarida M.; Santos, José de FreitasObjetivo: Com esta comunicação pretende-se compreender em que medida o uso das estratégias de marketing digital influenciam a imagem percebida dos residentes em relação à marca “Castelo Branco, Bordar e Receber”. Metodologia: Foi usado um inquérito por questionário online para recolha de dados dos residentes do município de Castelo Branco, entre Julho e Agosto de 2021. Foram obtidas um total de 745 respostas, que foram depois estatisticamente analisadas. Resultados: Os resultados sugerem que a adoção de estratégias de marketing digital tem um papel positivo sobre a formação das perceções da marca cidade. O estudo indica ainda que os meios de comunicação tradicionais são complementares aos digitais, muito embora as ferramentas digitais, seja através de online branding ou comunidades online, possam ainda ser mais explorados. Limitações: A principal limitação da investigação prende-se com o facto de incidir sobre o estudo da marca cidade de um território específico. Originalidade: A investigação avalia o papel das estratégias de marketing digital na marca cidade “Castelo Branco, Bordar e Receber”, na perspetiva dos seus residentes.
- Counterfeiting and demographics: what factors influence the buying process of Portuguese consumers?Publication . Freitas Santos, José; Bernardino, Susana; Antunes, IsabelPurpose | Counterfeiting is a worldwide spread phenomenon with serious economic, social and political impacts on the society. The global illicit trade in goods comes first from China as producing and exporting country (80%) followed by countries such as Turkey, Singapore, United Arab Emirates and Hong Kong. This study intends to examine the demographic profile of consumers and compare this profile by region from consumers who admit to purchase counterfeit products in Portugal. Specifically, it aims to investigate whether demographic profile and region of purchasing are able to impact the decision factors that drive consumers to buy counterfeit products. Methodology/Approach | To attain the research purposes, a quantitative methodology was used. An online survey was conducted during July and August of 2022 to collect primary data on Portuguese consumers. The study included a total of 304 valid responses. Expected Results | The investigation reveals that a high proportion of consumers have been involved in some way in the purchase of counterfeit products, although consumers distinguish between counterfeit products that can be dangerous for its well-being (medicine) and vanity (clothes and shoes, perfume), and relatively risk-free (auto-parts, machinery) products. The study developed shows that the factors that influence the buying process of counterfeiting products in Portugal can be grouped into intangible (status, brand, design, exclusivity, fashion) and rational (price, perceived quality and personal satisfaction) factors. The findings suggest that only in one factor (price) and for age and education, the demographic characteristics seems to be dominant in the moment of buying counterfeit products. Finally, the analysis of the region of acquisition of the counterfeited goods shows no impact in the factors of acquisition of this type of products.
- O papel das experiências pessoais e profissionais na predisposição para a criação de novas iniciativas de empreendedorismo socialPublication . Santos, José de FreitasO objetivo desta investigação é compreender até que ponto a experiência passada do empreendedor social condicionou a decisão de lançamento de uma iniciativa social. A investigação adota uma metodologia quantitativa, o que implicou o recurso à construção de um questionário que foi aplicado, sob a forma de inquérito online, às Organizações Não Governamentais para o Desenvolvimento registadas em Portugal e aos projetos cotados na Bolsa de Valores Sociais. Para o tratamento e a análise dos dados foram aplicadas técnicas de análise descritiva e técnicas de estatística inferencial (teste binomial e teste do qui-quadrado do ajustamento). Os resultados deste estudo confirmam o papel relevante que as experiências profissionais e pessoais passadas têm sobre a adoção de um comportamento socialmente empreendedor.
- Social Crowdfunding: a New Model for Financing Regional Development?Publication . Bernardino, Susana; Freitas Santos, José; Cadima Ribeiro, J.Crowdfunding is an increasingly attractive source to fund social projects. However, to our best knowledge, the study of crowdfunding for social purposes has remained largely unexplored in the literature. This research envisages a detailed examination of the role of crowdfunding on the early-stage of the social projects at regional level. By comparing the characteristics of the projects available in the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange platform with others that did not use this source of financial support, we envisage to show the critical role of crowdfunding on regional development. The use of inferential techniques (Chi-square test, the Cramer’s V statistic, the Goodman and Kruskal λ and the odds ratio) demonstrates that the use of the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange platform was linked to the geographical location of the social venture as well as its geographical scope. Also, social ventures located on rural regions are more likely to use social crowdfunding platforms than social ventures located in urban areas. Further, the circumstance of having the social ventures acting at a local or regional level seems to be strongly associated with the possibility of using crowdfunding for financing social projects.
- Determinants of crowdfunding activity and the role of culture: a cross-national analysisPublication . Bernardino, Susana; Santos, José de FreitasInternet and other computer-based information system technologies have been used to develop new forms of funding mechanisms. Crowdfunding (CF) is an alternative fundraising tool that relies on a platform that allows entrepreneurs to interact directly with a large amount of potential funders. This mechanism could be attractive both for individuals who are looking for funding (crowdfunders) and for investors who are looking for application opportunities (crowdfundees). As the CF market has reached very different activity levels across the globe, this research aims to understand if national culture variations affect the dynamics of CF market activity. To attain this objective, we construct a database that includes: i) data from a survey of the Global Alternative Finance Market Benchmarking Report; ii) values by country of Hofstede's cultural dimensions; and, iii) some control variables. Based on regression analysis, the results show that CF variations across countries are influenced by national culture, specifically lower uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and long-term orientation.
- Empreendedorismo social e desenvolvimento regionalPublication . Freitas Santos, José; Bernardino, SusanaO propósito desta comunicação é compreender a relação entre a favorabilidade do contexto externo e o empreendedorismo social em Portugal. A investigação adota uma metodologia quantitativa. Os dados primários foram recolhidos através de um inquérito por questionário, on‐line, enviado aos responsáveis que estiveram na base da constituição das Organizações Não‐Governamentais de Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento existentes em Portugal, bem como aos responsáveis pelos projetos, que à data do inquérito, se encontravam cotados na Bolsa de Valores Sociais. No teste das hipóteses de investigação foram utilizadas técnicas de análise descritiva, técnicas de redução de dados (análise fatorial por componentes principais), e o teste t‐student. Os resultados revelaram que um contexto externo favorável tem uma importância baixa na decisão de formação de uma organização social. Os resultados obtidos encontram suporte para o facto de muitas iniciativas de empreendedorismo social tenderem a localizar as suas atividades em ambientes desfavoráveis, o que confirma o papel do empreendedorismo social na atenuação das assimetrias sociais e económicas entre as regiões do território nacional.