ESS - DM - Terapia Ocupacional
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- Determinar os valores normativos para a atenção de adolescentes no desempenho do jogo de realidade virtual - Virtual-Whack-a-Mole (Virtuleap)Publication . Coelho, Ondina Trindade; Trigueiro, Maria João Ribeiro FernandesDescrever os valores normativos para a atenção no jogo de Realidade Virtual (RV) – Whack-a-Mole, numa população de adolescentes. A amostra foi composta por 164 participantes (46,95% sexo feminino), dos 12 aos 16 anos. O jogo, permite avaliar e treinar a atenção mantida e o controlo motor. O Rotation Mental Images (RMI), é um instrumento padronizado, aqui usado para medir o tempo médio de reação. As variáveis fornecidas pelos dados sociodemográficos e o tempo médio de reação do RMI, foram agrupadas em diferentes categorias para posterior análise. Os resultados do jogo RV foram analisados, traduzindo diferenças estatisticamente significativas no sexo, intervalo de idades e o facto de já ter utilizado RV. Resultados concordantes com as diferenças verificadas no teste RMI, relativamente ao intervalo de idades. Todos os parâmetros do jogo de RV e o tempo médio de reação do RMI, mostraram correlações significativas. Os dados normativos obtidos são relevantes para o uso do jogo Wack-a-Mole, para avaliar e intervir na atenção dos adolescentes. Mais estudos serão necessários para determinar a sensibilidade e especificidade deste jogo, para medir e intervir na atenção em diferentes populações.
- Determinar os valores normativos para a resolução de problemas e planeamento cognitivo de jovens no jogo de realidade virtual - StackerPublication . Ribeiro, Inês Gomes; Trigueiro, Maria JoãoO presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os valores normativos para a resolução de problemas e planeamento cognitivo de jovens no jogo de Realidade virtual (VR) – Stacker. Desenhou-se um estudo de carácter quantitativo de natureza observacional e contou-se com a participação de 164 participantes, com idades entre os 12 e os 16 anos, recrutados por conveniência. Recolheram-se dados acerca da idade, sexo, grau de escolaridade, localidade, alterações de desenvolvimento, se já tinham utilizado RV e regularidade de utilização. Utilizou-se o instrumento de avaliação Tower of London a 30 participantes de modo a comparar os valores normativos da resolução de problemas e planeamento cognitivo para a população em estudo. Registrou-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os participantes no jogo de RV de acordo com as variáveis (p=0,002), sexo (p˂0,05), grau de escolaridade (p=0,001) e localidade (p˂0,001). Os valores obtidos no instrumento de avaliação não foram estatisticamente significativos assim como a correlação entre o jogo RV e o instrumento Tower of London. A utilização de RV em populações jovens é extremamente importante para avaliar as funções executivas, assim como é importante para estabelecer os valores normativos para que no futuro seja possível comparar os ganhos e perdas utilizando a RV como base da intervenção, uma vez que é uma técnica bem aceite por esta população.
- Health professionals´ perspective on individual resilience promotors - a qualitative studyPublication . Costa, Ana Eduarda Leite; Almeida, Raquel Simões de; Dores, Artemisa RochaHealthcare professionals are a population susceptible to being affected physically and psychologically during health crises, such as the recent CoVID-19 pandemic. Resilience can be defined as the ability to overcome adversity and has been pointed out in the literature as a possible protective factor against psychological distress in crisis situations. Thus, based on the experiences of the CoVID-19 pandemic, this study aims to understand the perspectives of Portuguese healthcare professionals regarding the factors that reinforce their individual resilience. To achieve the aim of the study qualitative research was conducted. Interviews were performed with 25 participants who were recruited using the non-probability purposive sampling method. The interviews were analyzed based on thematic analysis using WebQDA software. The factors that appear to have mitigated the impact of the pandemic on healthcare professionals include social support from family and friends, organizational support from leaders and colleagues, involvement in well-being-promoting activities, personal skills, ability to learn from experience, implementation of measures to increase their safety, and their professional experiences prior to the pandemic. The results obtained allowed the development of strategic guidelines for health services to promote the resilience of healthcare professionals. These results are of high relevance to occupational therapists, who might have a role in promoting resilience through engaging in meaningful occupations, which they see as a natural health-promoting mechanism.
- Determination of normative values of executive functions for young people aged 12 to 16 years using virtual realityPublication . Oliveira, Sofia Andreia da Costa; Trigueiro, Maria João; Simões-Silva, Vitor; Melo, Bruno Bastos Vieira deThe present study aims to determine the normative values of executive funsctions, more specifically cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control, in young people aged 12 to 16 years in the performance of Virtual Reality (VR) games. The sample, obtained by convenience, consists of 164 adolescents between 12 and 16 years old. For this study, a session with VR games was conducted and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was performed on a computer. Significant diferences (p=.002) were found for age, with a cut-off point between 13 and 14 years old. Regarding sex, no significant diferences were found. Furthermore, although the VR game the WCST focus on the same executive functions there was a positive but not significant correlation between them. This study has shown taht age has an influence on the performance of tasks that involve cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control since these skills are still under development during adolescence. It should also be noted that te use of VR is an added value due to the motivation it triggers in those who play.
- Stigma and discrimination by professionals from integrated continuing care unitsPublication . Rocha, Patrícia Castro; Marques, António; Almeida, Raquel Simões de; Campos, Filipa; Sousa, Sara de; Portugal, PaulaThe stigma associatedwith mental illness (MI) is a major barrier to accessing treatment and can be linked to poorer quality care in health systems. The National Continuing Care Network (NNICC) provides integrated continuing care for people who, regardless of age, are in a situation of dependency, through the intervention of a multidisciplinar team. To describe the levels of stigma and discrimination against people with MI among porfessionals working in the general Integrated Continuing Care Units (ICCU). This is a quantitative, observational, analytical and cross-sectional study with a sample of 163 participants. A sociodemographic questionnaire and two standardised assessment instruments were apllied, the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27) and the Community Attitudes Toward Mental Illness (CAMI). In the AQ-27 it was possible to see that the male gender shows greater stigma and discrimination then the female gender, with the latter showing more helpful attitudes toward people with MI (p=0.188). The Algarve region stands out as the most stigmatising according to the CAMI instrument (p=0.816). In addition, more years of professional experience i salso associated with more stigmatising attitudes (p=0.111). ICCT professionals had worse results (p=0.701). Speech therapists and medical assitants are the professionals with the most stigma. On the other hand, psychologists stand out (p=0,023). Not having a relative with MI has been shown to have na impact on the presence of stigma and discrimination (p=0.280). There are low levels of stigma towards people with MI among in the general ICCU professionals.
- Associação entre a exposição a poluentes do ar e a cognição: resultados da coorte Geração XXIPublication . Teixeira, Lisete Tatiana Silva; Rocha, Nuno Barbosa; Ribeiro, Ana IsabelO aumento da poluição do ar é uma preocupação crescente nos dias de hoje devido aos riscos que acarreta para a saúde. Analisar a influência da poluição do ar na cognitiva de jovens da Geração XXI que residem na área metropolitana do Porto, e entender se os comportamentos saudáveis e os marcadores inflamatórios atuam na força dessa relação, na proximidade da residência do nascimento até aos 10 anos. Os dados para a investigação foram fornecidos pelo Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto. A cognição foi avaliada com base em três indicadores da Escala de Inteligência Weschler para Crianças – 3ª edição: QI, QI verbal e QI de realização, aos 10 anos de idade. As concentrações médias anuais dos poluentes PM2.5 e NO2 foram produzidas no âmbito do estudo ELAPSE (Efeitos de Poluição do Ar em Baixos Níveis: Um Estudo na Europa). Incluíram-se 3242 participantes. Encontrou-se uma relação entre a exposição à poluição do ar e a cognição, que é influenciada pelos fatores socioeconómicos, pela prática de atividade física e pelos eosinófilos. Apesar do impacto da exposição a poluentes do ar, os fatores socioeconómicos e a prática de atividade física são melhores preditores da cognição nesta população.
- The impact of a cognitive training program using virtual reality in young adults with intellectual disability: pilot studyPublication . Lopes, Joana Rita Dias; Trigueiro, Maria João; Simões-Silva, Vitor; Melo, Bruno Vieira deIndividuals with intelectual disability have a persistente delay in the development of executive funstions. Virtual reality is increasingly a cognitive intervention tool and has demonstrated effectiveness in this area. This dissertation aims to investigate the impact of cognitive training based on Immersive Virtual Reality on executive functions, such as working memory, sustained attention an inhibitory control in young adults with Intellectual Disability. A quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design and double pretest (0102X03) was conducted. The participants (N=15) completed 24 sessions using virtual reality-based games from the Enhance VR program. The intervention included 3 games: Whack-a-mole, React and Memory Wall. The participants underwent pre and post-intervention evaluations using the E-Prime® 3.0 from Psychology Software Tools (Corsi Block-Tapping Task; Stop Signal Task; Simple Reaction Time). The results demonstrated that there was a significant improvment in the results of working memory (p=0.001) and inhibitory control (p=0.043), and the value of the interaction between intervention and time was also significant (p=0.010) while the sustained attention was not found to be statistically significant. According of these findings, VR-based serious game interventions (Enhance-Virtuleap) may be valuable for stimulating executive functions in individuals with intelectual disabilities.
- Resilience among portuguese healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional studyPublication . Teixeira, Inês Martins; Almeida, Raquel Simões de; Dores, Artemisa RochaWorking is stressful environments can increase the risk of mental illness as well as physical and psychosocial suffering among healthcare professionals. Therefore, promoting resilience among these professionals can be considered na approach to deal with higher levels of stress in the workplace. This study aims to characterise the levels of resilience among healthcare professionals in Portugal who worked during the CoViD-19 pandemic, from March 2020 to February 2022. In this cross-sectional study, 271 healthcare professionals (age 33.90 years, SD=9.59, 90.80% women) completed the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). The average score for the total RSA was 178.17 (SD=22.44), so it can be concluded that during the CoViD-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals in Portugal in this sample have shown moderate to high levels of resilience. The results showed that physicians/psychologists and professionls with master’s and doctorate degrees gad higher levels of resilience compared to other professions and lower levels of education. In futures studies, it would be importante to investigate the potencial implications for clinical practice, covering both the organisational and political dimensions.
- Health (dis)equalities and social isolation and loneliness in the older people: a qualitative studyPublication . Monteiro, Inês Silva; Portugal, Paula; Almeida, Raquel Simões deDemographic ageing is currently a major concern worldwide and has been growing at an accelerated pace, which is why it is important to reflect on the aspects that can be preponderant in the process of growing old. Therefore, this study aims to understand the perspective of elderly people in Póvoa de Varzim regarding the factors that influence (in)equality in health, as well as social isolation and loneliness. A qualitative study was carried out and a total of 37 participants were recruited to take part in 4 focus groups, using the intentional non-probabilistic sampling method. The focus groups were analyzed on the basis of thematic analysis. Findings show that the factors that seem to influence health inequalities are related to accessibility to health services (general functioning and appointments), as well as socioeconomic and demographic aspects, which are also at the heart of social isolation and loneliness, alongside community factors. These results have contributed to a better understanding of existing health inequalities and how older people perceive social isolation and loneliness, thus making it possible to understand the helical process inherent in the subject under study. In this way, it has allowed the development of possible actions and/or strategies at the level of policies and the organization of services and communities, in which the Occupational Therapist also plays a fundamental role that will contribute to a transformation of the ageing paradigm and the promotion of a healthy life for older people.
- O impacto de um programa de literacia em saúde mental b-learning em jovensPublication . Meilsmeidth, Gislene; Trigueiro, Maria JoãoMedir o impacto de um programa de intervenção em Literacia de Saúde Mental no aumento do conhecimento e na diminuição do estigma nos jovens da Póvoa do Varzim. Realizou-se um estudo quasi-experimental randomizado, com uma amostra de 504 estudantes do 9º ano das Escolas Básicas da Póvoa de Varzim. Os participantes tanto do GC (n=176) como do GE (n=328) foram avaliados através dos instrumentos: MHLM, MHPK-10, MASK e RIBS, antes e depois de uma intervenção de 4 sessões, duas delas presenciais e duas online. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva para caracterizar a amostra e uma ANOVA mista para testar a hipótese. Verificou-se uma melhoria nos resultados do aumento do conhecimento no instrumento MASK e diminuição do estigma através do instrumento RIBS no grupo exposto à intervenção (p˂0,001) e o valor da interação entre a intervenção e o tempo foi igualmente significativo no instrumento RIBS (p˂0,001). Com esta intervenção conseguiu-se constatar melhorias no aumento do conhecimento e diminuição do estigma em ambos os grupos, sendo superior no grupo experimental.