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- Musical and cognitive abilities in children from disadvantaged backgroundsPublication . Boal-Palheiros, G.; Figueira, Pedro; Castro, São LuísHuman beings are born with several abilities which are amenable to change. A growing number of studies have focused on the relations between musical and cognitive abilities but research with children from disadvantaged communities is scarce. This study explored the relations between musical and cognitive abilities in disadvantaged children. Participants were 169 children from deprived neighborhoods, attending the second year of primary education in public schools that do not offer music education. Children’s musical abilities (perception) were measured with the Melody, Rhythm, and Memory tests of Montreal Battery for the Evaluation of Musical Abilities and their cognitive abilities, with five WISC-III subtests (Similarities, Vocabulary, Cubes, Picture Arrangement, and Digits). Parental level of education was obtained from a questionnaire on the socio-economic status of children’s families. Results revealed (1) few and weak correlations between musical and cognitive abilities; (2) stronger correlations of Socioeconomic Status (SES) with cognitive than with musical abilities; (3) digit span predicts all musical abilities; 4) a clear factorial distinction between musical and cognitive abilities. Overall, results suggest that disadvantaged children’s musical and cognitive abilities, as measured by the present instruments, are partly independent regarding processing components.
- Performance and music creationPublication . Monteiro, Francisco
- Decisão, risco e incerteza retirada ou reunificação de crianças e jovens em perigo?Publication . Delgado, Paulo; Carvalho, João; Pinto, Vânia; Martins, TeresaEste estudo visa compreender melhor o que influencia e determina as decisões em ambientes caracterizados pela complexidade e pela incerteza, e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de recomendações para a prática. Com base nos trabalhos de Davidson-Arad e Benbenishty (2008, 2010), pretendeu-se saber como é que estudantes do ensino superior, em áreas científicas relacionadas com as profissões envolvidas no processo de decisão sobre os projetos de vida de crianças e jovens em perigo, decidiriam em presença de um caso concreto, em diferentes cenários. Participaram no estudo 200 estudantes do ensino superior, de diferentes regiões de Portugal. Utilizou-se um desenho fatorial (2×2), o que implicou o uso de um questionário vinheta com quatro versões, descrevendo um caso de uma criança com suspeitas de ser vítima de violência, e em que se pondera qual a decisão a tomar no momento e, caso seja retirada da sua família biológica, se deve ou não ser reunificada dois anos após essa decisão. Entre os resultados principais destaca-se que os estudantes reconhecem o risco da criança estar a sofrer danos significativos, físicos e emocionais, mas decidiram, maioritariamente, a favor de uma intervenção junto da família biológica, evitando a remoção da criança do seu contexto de vida. Contudo, perante uma decisão favorecendo o acolhimento familiar eles consideraram, ao reavaliarem o caso após dois anos, também maioritariamente, que a criança deveria permanecer junto da família de acolhimento. Evidencia-se, com significado estatístico, que a tomada de decisão foi influenciada, no primeiro momento, pela concordância ou não da mãe face com a retirada e, no segundo momento, pelo desejo ou não da criança de reunificação com a família biológica. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento de critérios profissionais de avaliação e de tomada de decisão, passa pela integração no programa curricular dos cursos superiores na área da proteção infantil, do estudo dos critérios para a retirada, das condições para a reunificação e das vantagens de se envolver a criança e a família biológica na intervenção.
- A importância do Tempo Livre para as criançasPublication . Araújo, Maria José
- Dos provérbios ao conhecimento científico: de poeta e cientista inventor todos temos um pouco com algum labor – o ensino das ciências físicas e naturais no 1.º e 2.º ciclos do ensino básicoPublication . Rocha, Joana Rios da; Sá-Pinto, Xana; Pinto, Alexandre; Gomes, José António; Oliveira, ElisamaDistinguir senso-comum de conhecimento científico é essencial para compreender a natureza da ciência e promover a literacia científica. Fruto de conhecimento experienciado e senso comum, os provérbios populares representam uma excelente oportunidade para explorar a natureza das ciências e competências do português. Com este trabalho pretendemos investigar as potencialidades da exploração do património literário oral para o desenvolvimento da literacia científica dos alunos, para a promoção de práticas epistémicas e compreensão e produção de provérbios. Os resultados sugerem que sequências didáticas que contrastam o conhecimento científico e o senso comum contribuem para desenvolver práticas epistémicas em contexto escolar.
- Composing music, developing dialogues: An enactive perspective on children's collaborative creativityPublication . Veloso, Ana LuísaThis study aims to provide new insights on the nature of the embodied and collaborative processes related to the emergence of new musical ideas that occur when children are composing in groups. Data was obtained by participant observation of the teacher/researcher and by ten videotaped one-hour musical sessions dedicated to the development of a music composition by two groups of children, all of whom were eight years old. It was found that when composing in groups a) children use embodied processes to transform what they experience on diverse realms of their existence into musical ideas, and that b) while creating music, children engage in several improvisatory moments where new ideas emerge through the diverse ways they enact the surroundings where the activity is occurring. Findings suggest a conception of music composing as a multidimensional phenomenon that entails cognitive processes that are distributed across and beyond the physical body. Findings also suggest that composing music in collaboration with others nurtures a set of creative possibilities that would otherwise, not occur. Considerations for music education theory and practice are addressed in the last section of the article.
- Una mirada sobre la poesía portuguesa contemporánea para la infanciaPublication . Ramos, Ana Margarida; Gomes, José António; Silva, Sara ReisLa literatura infantil y juvenil en general está presidida por un claro predominio cuantitativo de la narrativa. Esa literatura expresada em lengua vasca no es una excepción a dicha tendencia, y las obras de poesía infantil y juvenil son minoritarias.
- Listening to music at home and at schoolPublication . Boal-Palheiros, G.; Hargreaves, David J.This study investigated the differences between the functions of music listening at home and at school, and the potential effects of age and nationality on these differences. 120 participants completed an individual structured interview schedule, which consisted of ten open-ended questions. These covered the role of music listening in young people's leisure interests as a whole, and more speci®c aspects of listening at home and at school. Sixty participants were from schools in the UK, and sixty from schools in Portugal: within each nationality group, thirty were aged 9±10 years and thirty aged 13±14 years. The ®ndings showed that music listening was an important leisure activity, especially for the older children, and that most children showed moderate positive attitudes towards school music. Home music listening and school music ful®lled different functions: participants reported that home listening was linked with enjoyment, emotional mood and social relationships, whereas school music was associated with motivation for learning and being active, and particular lesson content. There were few clear-cut national differences, and music was generally undervalued in both countries.
- Interpersonal Influences on Children's Emotional Responses to New Age MusicPublication . Boal-Palheiros, G.; Hargreaves, David J.This study investigated the effects of interpersonal context and age on children's emotional responses to new age music. One hundred and twenty participants aged 9-10 and 13-14 years listened to four excerpts either alone, or in groups of three. Immediately after listening, they rated the emotions aroused by the excerpts on eight five point-scales based on a circumplex model which conceives of four quadrants of emotional response: positive/negative affect, and high/low arousal. The results showed that participants gave significantly higher ratings on four of the eight scales when listening in groups rather than when listening alone, and that the younger children gave significantly higher ratings on positive emotional states (relaxed, excited, energetic) and liking, whereas the older children gave significantly higher ratings on negative emotions (irritated, bored). These findings suggest the influence of both social and developmental factors upon children 's emotional responses to music; namely group effects, and younger children 's higher tolerance for unfamiliar styles.
- Funciones y modos de oír música de niños y adolescentes, según contextosPublication . Boal-Palheiros, G.