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- Active lifestyle in schizophrenia: How to combine exercise and therapy in practice?Publication . Simões de Almeida, Raquel; Marques, AntónioSchizophrenia is a mental illness with intense effects on a person’s life. In addition to the psychiatric symptoms, patients with schizophrenia generally have multiple somatic comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. High prevalence of an unhealthy lifestyle (smoking habits, poor diets, sedentarism) contributes to the increased risk in these patients. Even though schizophrenia treatment focuses on medication in conjunction with talking therapies, it is essential to address lifestyle choices. Nowadays there is a large body of evidence that suggests that physical activity and exercise can help improve not only schizophrenia patients’ physical health but also their mental and psychological wellbeing. This chapter addresses the guidelines for physical activity and exercise interventions for schizophrenia, presenting some programs which combine exercise and therapies to treat schizophrenia, including some novel digital approaches. This chapter also gives some recommendations for an active lifestyle clinical integration providing a literature review on the subject.
- AI chatbots in mental health: are we there yet?Publication . Simões De Almeida, RaquelPeople with mental health problems often struggle in getting the suitable treatment regarding not only the type of interventions available but also the conditions required for a proper treatment, mainly cost, locality, and frequency. The use of AI chatbots for this population is a new trend and can reduce the gap between the need for mental health care making them accessible in a cost-effective way. Although chatbots are not a substitute for formal treatments, they are sometimes used in tandem with other treatments with positive results. This chapter provides a review on the subject, presenting several chatbots for mental health problems and also addressing some concerns such as privacy, data security, AI limitations, and ethical implications. Future research directions are also discussed.
- Artificial intelligence in digital mental healthPublication . Lopes Martins, Constantino; Martinho, Diogo; Marreiros, Goreti; Conceição, Luís; Faria, Luiz; Simões De Almeida, RaquelThe prevention of diseases considered a scourge of our society, as for example mental illness, particularly anxiety disorders and depressive states, is a primary and urgent goal today and a priority axis of the EU. Mental illness includes many clinical conditions associated with several changes that include limitations related with social interaction or several tasks such as sleeping through the night, doing homework, making friends, thinking capacity and reality understanding, deficits in communication skills, and difficulties in developing appropriate emotional and behavioural response. Artificial intelligence has gained a prominent role in the management and delivery of healthcare. There is a growth in mobile devices applied to health with high mobility, connectivity, and processing capacity. This chapter provides an analysis of the actual trends regarding the main problems that can be dealt with using AI in mental healthcare and the corresponding main techniques used to deal with these problems. Additionally, some case studies for using AI for mental health care are described.
- Can digital technologies change schizophrenia care?: Opportunities and challengesPublication . Simões de Almeida, Raquel; Silva, TiagoDigital technologies like mobile applications, chatbots, virtual reality, and other technological solutions are already revolutionizing mental health care, including schizophrenia care. Digital mental health interventions are not intended to replace mental health professionals, in fact, they are a contribution to enhance prevention, improve diagnosis, and democratize monitoring and treatment. These systems usually handle large-scale sensitive data and require modern solutions to safely process and store data. Cloud-based services can respond to this challenge, but it is important to be aware of the current technical boundaries as well of dangers of health data handling. This chapter provides a review on the subject, presenting several data-driven applications for schizophrenia care and addressing some concerns such as efficacy, privacy and confidentiality, data security, accountability, engagement, ethical implications, and education and training. Some recommendations on clinical integration are also presented.
- ContratempoPublication . Marques da Silva, Olivia Maria
- Creating emotions through digital media art: building empathy in immersive environmentsPublication . Gomes, Paulo Veloso; Sá, Vítor J.; Marques, António; Donga, João; Correia, António; Loureiro, Javier PereiraArt has a power different from all other human actions; it can produce a variety of human emotions like nothing else. The main purpose of this chapter is to study the relation between media arts and emotions. Virtual environments are increasingly being used by artists; the use of immersive environments allows the media art artist to go further than express himself, allows that through contemplation and interaction the participant also becomes part of the artistic artefact. Immersive environments can induce emotional changes capable of generating states of empathy. Considering an immersive environment as a socio-technical system, where human and non-human elements interact, establishing strong relationships, the authors used actor-network theory as an approach to design an immersive artifact of digital media art. The use of neurofeedback mechanisms during the participant's exposure to immersive environments opens doors to new types of interaction, allowing to explore emotional states to generate empathy.
- Digital mental health interventions for children and youthPublication . Machado, Alexandra Silva; Ferreira, Bianca; Pereira, Catarina Ye; Carrola, Carolina; Melo, Bruno Bastos Vieira de; Campos, CarlosThe period from childhood to adolescence is critical for mental health promotion, as it is estimated that, worldwide, approximately 10% to 20% of individuals in this age group have mental health problems that may lead to mental disorders that may persist throughout adulthood. Furthermore, recent studies show that mental health problems during childhood and adolescence contribute to a decrease in academic performance and an increase of risk-taking behaviors, self-injury, and suicide, with consequences into adulthood. Thus, preventing mental health problems in children and adolescents is essential to promote positive lifelong outcomes for young people. Schools are a privileged context for creating favorable environments for the implementation of mental health promotion programs, effectively and with long-term benefits. This context allows for an early intervention during the phase of development of socioemotional skills, thus enhancing the results of the programs themselves, contributing to the healthy development of children and youth and to a higher academic achievement of students.
- Digital technologies in dementia carePublication . Coelho, TiagoDementia is characterized by significant cognitive deterioration, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and expanding disability. The well-being of people with dementia is influenced by the support provided by caregivers and health professionals. Especially in the past two decades, advancements in digital technology have helped reshape the way care and treatment are delivered. The main goal of the chapter is to describe technological solutions aimed at supporting the independence and safe participation of people with dementia in meaningful activities, as well as promoting their involvement in engaging experiences that seek to delay cognitive decline and diminish behavioral and psychological symptoms. These technologies include distributed systems, robotics, wearable devices, application software, and virtual reality.
- Effective integration of artificial intelligence in medical education: Practical tips and actionable insightsPublication . Garcia, Manuel B.; Arif, Yunifa Miftachul; Khlaif, Zuheir N.; Zhu, Meina; Almeida, Rui Pedro Pereira de; Simões de Almeida, Raquel; Masters, KenWith the increasing popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in medical practices, the integration of AI technologies into medical education has garnered significant attention. However, there exists a noticeable research gap when it comes to providing comprehensive guidelines and recommendations for its successful integration into this domain. Addressing this research gap is crucial as the responsible and effective incorporation of AI in medical education not only ensures that current and future healthcare professionals are well-prepared for the demands of modern medicine but also upholds ethical standards, maximizes the potential benefits of AI, and minimizes potential risks. The objective of this chapter is to fill this gap by offering practical tips and actionable insights for incorporating AI into medical education, encompassing practical, ethical, pedagogical, and professional implications. Consequently, it equips medical educators and learners alike with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the evolving landscape of medical education in the age of AI.
- Enter the virtual forest: exploring the benefits of forest therapy in a digital worldPublication . Soutelo, Ana Paula; Simões De Almeida, Raquel; Sousa, Ana Rita; Simões-Silva, Vítor; Monteiro, Maria Luís; Portugal, PaulaOne of the many challenges of this urbanization is significantly reflected in the distribution of urban green spaces, which may still not meet the needs of all inhabitants and preclude the many benefits that urban green spaces bring to mental health. From this perspective, Shinrin-Yoku emerged a traditional Japanese practice known as Forest Therapy (FT) or Forest Bathing (FB), as a natural health treatment. Using virtual reality, in addition, makes it possible to reproduce scenarios or environments that, in certain contexts, it would be almost impossible to recreate in real life. Thus, VR can provide opportunities and allow many more people to benefit from the best therapies and positive outcomes. It’s important to note that the research on this union is still in its early stages, however, exploring this field represents, in many ways, a unique opportunity for healthcare, and would reach a wider population, providing the best possible therapy for everyone who could benefit from it.