ESS - CISA – Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente
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- 3-Nitrotyrosine quantification methods: Current concepts and future challengesPublication . Teixeira, Dulce; Fernandes, Rúben; Prudêncio, Cristina; Vieira, MónicaMeasurement of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in biological samples can be used as a biomarker of nitrosative stress, since it is very stable and suitable for analysis. Increased 3-NT levels in biological samples have been associated with several physiological and pathological conditions. Different methods have been described for the detection and quantification of this molecule, such as (i) immunological methods; (ii) liquid chromatography, namely high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methods that use ultraviolet-visible (UV/VIS) absorption, electrochemical (ECD) and diode array (DAD) detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); (iii) gas chromatography, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Methods A literature review on nitrosative stress, protein nitration, as well as 3-NT quantification methods was carried out. Results This review covers the different methods for analysis of 3-NT that have been developed during the last years as well as the latest advances in this field. Overall, all methods present positive and negative aspects, although it is clear that chromatography-based methods present good sensitivity and specificity. Regarding this, GC-based methods exhibit the highest sensibility in the quantification of 3-NT, although it requires a prior time consuming derivatization step. Conversely, HPLC does not require such derivatization step, despite being not as accurate as GC. Conclusion It becomes clear that all the methods described during this literature review, although accurate for 3-NT quantification, need to be improved regarding both sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, optimization of the protocols that have been described is clearly needed.
- 3rd International Congress of Environmental Health: Proceedings BookPublication . Vieira Da Silva, Manuela; Oliveira, Rui S.; Rodrigues, Matilde; Nunes, Mafalda; Santos, Joana; Carvalhais, C.; Rebelo, Andreia; Freitas, Marisa; Xavier, AnaThis third edition addresses to ‘Emerging risks and challenges for the environment, health and safety’ and intended as a guide to the various symposiums and workshops, to provide all present the most recent scientific and technological advances in the areas: Occupational Health and Toxicology; Exposure to Nanoparticles; Assessment and Risk Management; Occupational Safety; Exposure to Bioaerosols; Environment and Sustainability; Food Safety and Public Health.
- Acidentes de trabalho no setor do comércio a retalho: um estudo de caso supermercados de conveniênciaPublication . Correia, Ana; Balazeiro, Márcia; Cavadas, Maria I.; Campos, Joana R.; Costa, Nelson; Rodrigues, João; Rodrigues, MatildeThis study aims to characterize the occupational accidents in convenience supermarkets, identifying the personal factors related to its frequency and severity. A total of 443 accidents that occurred between 2015 and September 2017, in a group of supermarkets from a Portuguese company, were analyzed. Different company databases were gathered and compiled for the purpose of this study. Frequency and severity rates were determined for the total accidents and for employees age and gender. Results showed that both accident rates increased during the analyzed period. Higher frequency and severity rates were found for female. Data also denote that accidents with higher severity occurred in workers with more than 46 years old and among the ones with basic education.
- Aconselhamento em Fitoterapia: afecções do tracto urinárioPublication . Gregório, Cristiana; Pinho, CláudiaAs afecções do tracto urinário, e em concreto as infecções das vias urinárias inferiores não complicadas ou cistites, são das mais prevalentes entre a população. Nos últimos anos, o abuso de medicamentos convencionais para tratamento de afecções do tracto urinário tem levado a problemas, como o aumento de resistências a antibióticos ou de efeitos adversos. A fitoterapia apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável, sendo muitas as plantas utilizadas, com acção diurética ou antimicrobiana. Sendo os profissionais de farmácia dos primeiros profissionais a serem procurados pela população, e uma vez que as afecções do tracto urinário constituem um problema actual, é importante avaliar se estes profissionais têm as bases e conhecimentos necessários, para realizar um aconselhamento adequado. Estudo observacional, descritivo simples, de carácter transversal, realizado entre Outubro de 2012 e Junho de 2013. A população-alvo do estudo foram os profissionais de farmácias comunitárias da freguesia de Cedofeita, concelho do Porto, e a amostra foi de 41 profissionais. Para a seleção da amostra utilizou-se o método de amostragem não probabilística por conveniência. A recolha dos dados foi realizada através da aplicação de um questionário anónimo e confidencial. A análise estatística foi feita através do programa SPSS®. Dos 31 questionários obtidos, 61,3% são do sexo feminino e 38,7% do sexo masculino. Dos 21 inquiridos que frequentaram o ensino superior, 71,4% afirmaram ter tido alguma Unidade Curricular cujo conteúdo programático incluiu o aconselhamento recorrendo a plantas medicinais. Quanto às perguntas feitas para avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais face aos fitoterápicos utilizados em infecções urinárias e na litíase renal, apenas 13% dos inquiridos respondeu correctamente a mais de 20 questões num total de 24. No que diz respeito à avaliação das práticas de aconselhamento, 58,1% dos profissionais aconselha regularmente fitoterápicos para prevenção ou tratamento de infecções urinárias. Dos 31 profissionais que participaram no estudo, 93,5% considera que os seus conhecimentos na área da fitoterapia aplicada a afecções do tracto urinário são insuficientes para prestar um correcto aconselhamento aos utentes. Os resultados sugerem que muitos profissionais não possuem conhecimentos suficientes na área da fitoterapia aliada à prevenção e tratamento de afecções do tracto urinário, tendo a maioria dos profissionais admitido necessitar de formação adicional na área das terapêuticas não convencionais.
- Active workstations to improve job performance: a short reviewPublication . Maheronnaghsh, Sara; Vaz, Mário; Santos, JoanaModern changes in communication, transportation, domestic-intertainment technologies and workplaces are related to a substantial increase of sedentary living.This review was performed to summarize and analyze the studies investigating the impact of decreasing work sedentary time and implementing active workstations to improve work performance. This review was based on relevant articles published in Scopus, Medline, and Web of science from 2007 until 2017. The results of this brief review indicate statistically significant relationships between several interventions for increasing physical activity and employee work performance. Type of intervention and implementation procedure were identified as factors that can determine effects on the job performance. Some studies have shown interventions with positive influence on productivity, others suggest that it is feasible to implement a multi-component intervention such as Stand Up desk with high fidelity with no perceived decrease in productivity. In conclusion, more field studies are necessary to determine work performance and acceptance of dynamic workstations in a real work environment.
- Adaptação cultural e confiabilidade da versão portuguesa do Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q)Publication . Rodrigues, Matilde; Mateus, CatarinaA Síndrome Visual de Computador (SVC) é caracterizada por um conjunto de sintomas visuais associados à utilização prolongada do computador. Instrumentos que permitam avaliar a SVC de uma forma simples e rápida são de particular importância, contudo não se verificou a existência de uma escala em português. A Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) é uma escala desenvolvida por Seguí et al.,e que avalia a frequência e a intensidade de 16 sintomas relacionados com a SVC.
- Adaptação fisiológica a situações de stress competitivo: avaliação do Cortisol Salivar em atletasPublication . Meireles, Marcelo; Ferreira, Stephanie; Lamas, M.C.; Mota, Sandra; Amorim, ManuelaNa tentativa de compreender de que forma a atividade física sob stress influenciam o nosso organismo, vários estudos têm sido desenvolvidos com atletas de competição, por estarem submetidos a inúmeras fontes de stress. Os níveis de cortisol salivar têm sido utilizados para a análise do stress, nomeadamente, desportivo, na medida em que este pode afetar negativamente o seu desempenho.
- Adipocyte secretome increases radioresistance of malignant melanocytes by improving cell survival and decreasing oxidative statusPublication . Coelho, Pedro; Silva, Liliana; Faria, Isabel; Vieira, Mónica; Monteiro, Armanda; Pinto, Gabriela; Prudêncio, Cristina; Fernandes, Rúben; Soares, RaquelRadiotherapy is a treatment option for the majority of malignancies. However, because melanoma is known to be radioresistant, the use of ionizing radiation as an adjuvant therapy in cutaneous melanoma patients is ineffective. Obesity has now been recognized as a risk factor for melanoma. High adiposity is generally associated with a more pro-oxidative status. Oxidative stress is a major player in radiation therapy and also a common link between obesity and cancer. Several adipocyte-released proteins are known to have a role in controlling cellular growth and pro-survival signaling. For that reason, we investigated the influence of 3T3-L1 mature adipocyte secretome in B16-F10 malignant melanocyte radiosensitivity. We evaluated B16-F10 cell survival and redox homeostasis when exposed to four daily doses of ionizing radiation (2 Gy per day) up to a total of 8 Gy in a medical linear accelerator. B16-F10 melanocytes exhibited slight alterations in survival, catalase activity, nitrative stress and total oxidant concentration after the first 2 Gy irradiation. The motility of the melanocytes was also delayed by ionizing radiation. Subsequent irradiations of the malignant melanocytes led to more prominent reductions in overall survival. Remarkably, 3T3-L1 adipocyte-secreted molecules were able to increase the viability and migration of melanocytes, as well as lessen the pro-oxidant burden induced by both the single and cumulative X-ray doses. In vitro adipocyte-released factors protected B16-F10 malignant melanocytes from both oxidative stress and loss of viability triggered by radiation, enhancing the radioresistant phenoyype of these cells with a concomitant activation of the AKT signaling pathway These results both help to elucidate how obesity influences melanoma radioresistance and support the usage of conventional medical linear accelerators as a valid model for the in vitro radiobiological study of tumor cell lines.
- Adulteração de suplementos alimentares por fármacos sintéticosPublication . Aguiar, Ana; Lima, Rita; Terroso, Sofia; Correia, Patrícia Carla dos SantosOs suplementos alimentares estão em constante expansão no mercado mundial, uma vez que a população em geral recorre cada vez mais à toma destes com os mais variados objetivos (Ribeiro, 2015). No entanto, nos últimos anos a adulteração de suplementos alimentares com compostos farmacologicamente ativos tem vindo a agravar-se. O principal objetivo deste projeto visou analisar e comparar os diferentes métodos analíticos descritos na literatura e expressar as quantidades detetadas de cada fármaco sintético nos suplementos alimentares para perda de peso, aumento da massa muscular e disfunção erétil.
- Adverse reactions and dietary supplementsPublication . Barros, Andreia; Pinho, Cláudia; Oliveira, Ana; Ferraz Oliveira, Rita; Cruz, AgostinhoOver the last years, the use of dietary supplements has increased substantially. Although these products are considered as safe and can be beneficial, there are risks associated with some. Manufacturers are not required to demonstrate their safety and efficacy, so it is essential that consumers have good knowledge about dietary supplements. The attribution of injury to a specific supplement can be challenging, especially because of the multiple ingredients, the variability in quality and content, as well as the vast underreporting of adverse reactions.