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- 3rd International Congress of Environmental Health: Proceedings BookPublication . Vieira Da Silva, Manuela; Oliveira, Rui S.; Rodrigues, Matilde; Nunes, Mafalda; Santos, Joana; Carvalhais, C.; Rebelo, Andreia; Freitas, Marisa; Xavier, AnaThis third edition addresses to ‘Emerging risks and challenges for the environment, health and safety’ and intended as a guide to the various symposiums and workshops, to provide all present the most recent scientific and technological advances in the areas: Occupational Health and Toxicology; Exposure to Nanoparticles; Assessment and Risk Management; Occupational Safety; Exposure to Bioaerosols; Environment and Sustainability; Food Safety and Public Health.
- Active workstations to improve job performance: a short reviewPublication . Maheronnaghsh, Sara; Vaz, Mário; Santos, JoanaModern changes in communication, transportation, domestic-intertainment technologies and workplaces are related to a substantial increase of sedentary living.This review was performed to summarize and analyze the studies investigating the impact of decreasing work sedentary time and implementing active workstations to improve work performance. This review was based on relevant articles published in Scopus, Medline, and Web of science from 2007 until 2017. The results of this brief review indicate statistically significant relationships between several interventions for increasing physical activity and employee work performance. Type of intervention and implementation procedure were identified as factors that can determine effects on the job performance. Some studies have shown interventions with positive influence on productivity, others suggest that it is feasible to implement a multi-component intervention such as Stand Up desk with high fidelity with no perceived decrease in productivity. In conclusion, more field studies are necessary to determine work performance and acceptance of dynamic workstations in a real work environment.
- Adverse reactions mediated by Strontium-89, Samarium-153, Rhenium-186 and Rhenium-188: A Systematic Review of LiteraturePublication . Pinho, Cláudia; Martins, Sara; Jesus, Ângelo; Suárez, Ana MartínOne of the therapies used for the palliative treatment of pain associated with bone metastases is radiopharmaceutical therapy. Radiopharmaceuticals can cause adverse reactions, and, therefore, the aim is to systematize the results and conclusions of studies on the use of the radiopharmaceuticals 89Sr, 153Sm, 186Re and 188Re in the palliative treatment of pain associated with bone metastases. A systematic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA statement, using the databases MEDLINE and EBSCO. After the selection process, 20 articles were included. The studies showed that the 4 radiopharmaceuticals analysed presented very similar results regarding pain relief after treatment, decrease in analgesic consumption, side effects at the time of administration, hematologic toxicity and disease progression after treatment. Concluding, the use of radiopharmaceuticals for pain palliation seems to be safe and an alternative to existing treatments.
- Analyzing and Classifying Risks: A Case-Study in the Furniture IndustryPublication . Leão, Celina P.; Rodrigues, Matilde; Brito, IreneIn this work we propose a methodology which permits the risk analysis and classification of occupational accidents in industrial settings. Data used in this study corresponds to accidents that occurred in the furniture industry in Portugal in 2010. A loss random variable is constructed in order to model the number of lost days implied by different contact modes of injuries in industry. The corresponding risk measures, such as Value-at-Risk, expected loss, loss variance and exceedance probabilities are determined in order to analyze and classify the contact modes according to their risk level, allowing the identification of the most problematic and the less problematic accident category in this industry. Contact with cutting, sharp, rough material was the most problematic whereas contact with electrical current, temperature, hazardous substance was the one with lower risk level.
- Can the external environment affect the occupational safety conditions and unsafety behaviours?Publication . Loureiro, I.F.; Rodrigues, Matilde; Vale, C.; Azevedo, R.Portugal is undergoing an economic crisis affecting the European Union since 2007. The financial unsustainability of Portugal required foreign aid and consequently austerity and structural measures have been implemented. These measures are causing negative impacts on the economy income and living conditions of the population of Portugal. Studies in this field can stimulate new challenges in Occupational Safety and Health, as well as can be useful to planning strategies that attempt to minimize this situation. The present study adopted a quantitative methodology using a self-completed question naire named External Environment Questionnaire. The results indicate that the instability experienced by respondents and the organizations that they work for, may contribute to profound changes in the working conditions.
- Cyanobacteria in cosmetics: a natural alternative for anti-aging ingredientsPublication . Morone, Janaína; Lopes, Graciliana; Oliveira, Beatriz; Vasconcelos, Vítor; Martins, RosarioBeing exposed to endogenous and exogenous stressors, and being the body’s external defense line, skin protection is of pivotal importance, in order to maintain morphological and physiologic integrity and health. Fostering by individual psychological comfort, esthetic performance, and young appearance, along with motivation for natural products with less side effects and sustainable production, consumer’s demands drive the cosmetic industry into the relentless pursuit for innovation. In this context, cyanobacteria enforce as a promising source of ingredients with cosmetic potential. With the ability to withstand adverse conditions for survival, the adaptation to extreme environments is reflected in the production of compounds with moisturizing, photoprotective, antioxidant, and whitening potential, all attributes required in cosmetics, namely in anti-aging products. In this chapter, we will focus on the interconnection between cyanobacteria and skin, by presenting the main applications of these organisms in skincare products.
- Effect of a safety education program on risk perception of vocational students: A comparative study of different intervention methodologiesPublication . Rodrigues, Matilde; Vales, C.; Vieira Da Silva, ManuelaThis study intends to analyze and compare the effect of a Safety Education Program (SEP) on vocational students’ risk perception when different training methodologies are used. A SEP was designed and applied to 157 students of Vocational Education and Training (VET) programs. The sample was divided in three groups. In each group a different training methodology was applied: theory based; demonstration-based and testimonies-based. To assess their effect on students’ risk perception, the same survey questionnaire was applied two weeks before and after the SEP. Results showed a significant and important positive impact of the SEP. Comparisons among intervention methodologies showed dif ferences in their effect on risk perception, where a greater effect was found for testimonies-based meth odology. The results of this study emphasize the importance of a SEP in VET programs. However, the importance of a proper training methodology was demonstrated.
- Effectiveness of Occupational Safety and Health Training Methods: A Study with Metalworking Small EnterprisesPublication . Barros, Beatriz; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Rodrigues, MatildeThe incorporation of proper training in Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is of paramount importance for small enterprises. However, the method applied will influence its effectiveness. This study aims to explore and compare the effects of two training methods on safety behaviours and OSH knowledge, when applied in metalworking small enterprises. For this study were selected an active method, with group discussion, and an expository method, with formal exposure. A total of 212 workers participated in this study. The sample was divided into three different groups: two intervention groups (active and passive group) and one group without intervention (control group). A questionnaire was developed to assess the following dimensions: safety behaviour (safety compliance and safety participation) and OSH knowledge. It was administered before, and one month after, the training sessions. The results indicate that OSH training had a positive, but limited, effect on the variables under study. Significant differences were found, between the two assessment moments for OSH knowledge with both the expository and the active methods. Significant differences between the three groups were found after the intervention for OSH knowledge. However, no significant differences were observed in any case for safety behaviours.
- Health care staff perception of noise in neonatal intensive care units: a questionnaire survey from NeoNoise ProjectPublication . Alberto Alves Carvalhais, Carlos; Santos, J.; Coelho, M.; Xavier, A.; Silva, M.A hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is designed to treat premature infants who need special care. These kind of units have become quite sophisticated, with a sort of medical devices that support an array of health care staff, such, physicians, nurses, health technicians, etc. (Konkani & Oakley, 2012). Noise in NICU is recognized as an agent with negative implications on health and well-being of premature infants (Nicolau, Casal, Lopes, & Kronenberg, 2005) and health professionals (Carvalhais, Santos, Vieira da Silva, & Xavier, 2015). Noise in NICU, and its effects on patients and staff, such as physiological and psychological disorders, has become an important issue, particularly because in these case patients are mainly premature infants. Noise as a stressor does not only put pressure on the workers and may result in a higher error occurrence, but also affect in a negative way, the healing process of patients (Siegmann & Notbohm, 2013). Figure 1, presents a general noise reaction scheme which can be used for hypothesis testing in noise epidemiology considering the cause-effect (Babisch, 2002).
- Intervention in OSH for SMEs Employers: Influence in Knowledge and Prevention ActivitiesPublication . Lopes, André M.; Costa, Rita A.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Rodrigues, MatildeSmall and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) face several difficulties compared to large enterprises, such as the lack of human, economic and technological resources. This could lead to difficulties in identifying, assessing and controlling occupational risks and, as a consequence, in having a good Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) performance. Employers of SMEs are responsible for the most part of decision making, namely in OSH. OSH interventions are important to change the behaviors and attitudes to the target group and may encourage both employers and employees to be more active and conscious about OSH in their enterprises. This study aims to design and implement a training session that target employers of micro and small-sized enterprises and analyze its effect on employers’ OSH knowledge and on the preventions activities carried out. The training session was divided in two parts, the first was more theorical and the second more practical. A questionnaire was developed and applied to assess the intervention effect. One month after the intervention, most of participants increased their participation in OSH activities, but were reluctant to invest financial resources to implement measures that promote OSH. The effect of the intervention in employers’ knowledge was limited. This study contribute to the design future OSH interventions in SMEs, suggesting important topics to address and provide information about how to assess its effectiveness.
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