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- Proceedings of Research and Practice in Allied and Environmental Health 2023 - XVIII Colóquio de Farmácia: Papel da Farmácia em OncologiaPublication . Pinho, Cláudia; Cruz, Agostinho; Oliveira, Ana Isabel; Jesus, Ângelo; Moreira, Fernando; Santos, Marlene; Correia, Patrícia; Ferraz Oliveira, RitaO evento, que conta já com a sua 18ª edição, foi um espaço privilegiado para partilhar, evidenciar e debater o que se investiga e faz em áreas prioritárias e desafiantes da Farmácia, como a Oncologia no contexto de Farmácia Comunitária e Hospitalar. Pretendeu, ainda, ser um momento de troca de opiniões e de experiências entre os participantes, académicos, investigadores e profissionais.
- Optimization of an HPLC-DAD method for Quercetin detectionPublication . Carvalho, Daniel; Moreira, Fernando; Oliveira, Ana IsabelHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the most used liquid chromatographic techniques owing to its versatility that allows an optimal resolution. Quercetin (QUE), a polyphenol, has received increasing attention due to its antioxidant properties. Efforts have been made to overcome the traditional poor oral bioavailability of quercetin, requiring the development of analytical techniques for quercetin detection in different matrices. The main objective of this work was the optimization of a HPLC-Diode Array Detector (DAD) method for quercetin. An optimization process was conducted to guarantee the best conditions and results. Detection and quantification were executed with a reverse phase C-18 column. Different mobile phase (MP) compositions, flow rates, and wavelengths (with DAD) were studied. Better results were achieved with a MP composition of water:acetonitrile:methanol (55:40:5), with 1.5% acetic acid at a 1.3 mL/minute flow rate, with good results regarding chromatogram resolution, and quercetin quantification and detection.
- Adverse reactions mediated by Strontium-89, Samarium-153, Rhenium-186 and Rhenium-188: A Systematic Review of LiteraturePublication . Pinho, Cláudia; Martins, Sara; Jesus, Ângelo; Suárez, Ana MartínOne of the therapies used for the palliative treatment of pain associated with bone metastases is radiopharmaceutical therapy. Radiopharmaceuticals can cause adverse reactions, and, therefore, the aim is to systematize the results and conclusions of studies on the use of the radiopharmaceuticals 89Sr, 153Sm, 186Re and 188Re in the palliative treatment of pain associated with bone metastases. A systematic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA statement, using the databases MEDLINE and EBSCO. After the selection process, 20 articles were included. The studies showed that the 4 radiopharmaceuticals analysed presented very similar results regarding pain relief after treatment, decrease in analgesic consumption, side effects at the time of administration, hematologic toxicity and disease progression after treatment. Concluding, the use of radiopharmaceuticals for pain palliation seems to be safe and an alternative to existing treatments.
- Analgesic treatment in non-cancer chronic painPublication . Duarte, Nuno; Pedraza, José; Santos, MarleneThis book has been developed to support the curricular units of the Bachelor and Master study cycles of the School of Health of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, which address the analgesic pharmacotherapy of chronic non-cancer pain. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the pharmacological agents used in the treatment of chronic pain, focusing on the mechanism of action, indications, and adverse effects. This book analyzed the information available in articles on conventional drugs used in the treatment of chronic pain, including randomized controlled trials, open trials, and systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis. Newer drugs with potential off-label use were also included. Information on outcomes related to pain relief, safety/tolerability profile, or both was also included.
- The multiplicities of an ethics committee in higher educationPublication . Tavares, Diana; Cruz, Agostinho; Cabral, Ana Paula; Machado, Alberto; Sousa, Helena; Curado, Henrique; Faria, Isabel; Amorim, Manuela; Gonçalves, Maria João; Lopes, Paula Maria da Costa; Monteiro, Pedro R.In the academic context, the main activity of ethics committees is evidently to regulate and monitor any investigation carried out within the institution, if the object of study is a person or biological material. However, it is important to note that ethics committee activity does not end, and cannot end, in this sphere of action. These entities are fundamental in raising awareness of the academic community for the assumption and incorporation of certain principles and values in their practices and in those of their members. Those principles and values include professional secrecy, respect for integrity and privacy, principles that become even more relevant when they refer to vulnerable people, such as health users. In a constantly changing world, ethics committees must identify new challenges and anticipate, as far as possible, action strategies. Having an ethics committee in a higher educational institution provides opportunities to, in a timely manner, be aware of the state of the art in bioethics or have access to recent research in healthcare.
- Adaptação e desenvolvimento de conteúdos digitais de aprendizagemPublication . Jesus, Ângelo; Peres, PaulaSendo os conteúdos as unidades de informação necessárias para a implementação de atividades de aprendizagem num ambiente eLearning, impõe-se ao professor uma alteração de metodologia, que lhe permita transformar unidades de aprendizagem dirigidas a contextos de ensino presencial em unidades de aprendizagem dirigidas a contextos de ensino a distância, que fomentem a construção social do conhecimento num contexto específico do e Learning (Oliveira, Jesus, Silva, & Peres, 2015). Frequentemente os docentes referem a existência de dificuldades na transformação/adaptação dos seus conteúdos, criados e utilizados como apoio às aulas presenciais, em conteúdos adequados a um curso online a distância. As suas dúvidas focavam-se, sobretudo, em saber quais as particularidades ou quais as características/tipologias a que devem obedecer os conteúdos para serem adequados ao contexto do e-Learning, apontando como exemplo a seguinte questão: “como transformo os meus conteúdos (editados em PowerPoint®) pensados e criados para o ensino presencial, em conteúdos adequados ao ambiente e-Learning?”. Pretendemos com este capítulo desmistificar o processo de adaptação e criação de conteúdos digitais de aprendizagem e promover uma atuação consistente dos docentes em todo o processo.
- Tablet splitting: influence of technique and tablet formatPublication . Alexandre, Ana; Ferreira, Sónia; Jesus, ÂngeloTablet splitting is a commonly used technique to obtain half of the dose or to facilitate tablet intake. However, there is a risk of not obtaining the correct dose and the efficacy depends on factors such as splitting method and tablet characteristics. Objective: To assess significant differences regarding tablet format or splitting method, regarding loss of mass and splitting accuracy. Methods: Volunteers split ten formulations by hand or using a kitchen knife. Results were treated in order to verify compliance with European Pharmacopeia standards for tablet splitting and recommendations on loss of mass. SPSS was used to assess significant differences between the two methods and tablet format when analysing loss of mass or splitting accuracy. Results: Of the twenty formulation/method combinations, only five complied with all the criteria. There was a significant difference regarding methods and loss of mass, with splitting by hand being the one to achieve the best results. Oblong tablets scored significantly better regarding loss of mass and splitting accuracy. Conclusion: Results seem to indicate that best results can be achieved when splitting tablets if using oblong tablets and splitting them by hand.
- Potentially irritant preservatives in newborn baby cosmetics – analysis of labels of products sold in PortugalPublication . Pinto, Diana F. G.; Coelho, Mariana J. P.; Machado, Marisa F. C.; Cruz, Agostinho L. S.; Moreira, Fernando X. F.The use of cosmetics containing preservatives might pose a risk to the skin health of newborns, despite improving their adaptation to the external environment. The present work aimed at depicting the potentially hazardous preservatives in cosmetics sold in the district of Porto, Portugal. A total of 281 labels from newborn cosmetics were analyzed. From 729 different ingredients found in the analyzed labels, 15 were preservatives with previously recorded irritant activity, being sodium benzoate the most mentioned (n = 118). There was a significant difference between the means of number of preservatives with an irritant potential present in the products sold in pharmacies and in the products sold in supermarkets. Most analyzed products contained at least one preservative. Still, the choice of cosmetics for newborns should consider those with a minimum number of preservatives, being more probable to choose a less sensitizing product in pharmacies than in supermarkets.
- Potential drug interactions between oral antineoplastic agents and opioid analgesicsPublication . Antunes, Cláudia; Carvalho, Daniel; Jesus, ÂngeloOral antineoplastic drugs use has been gaining more importance due to its multiple benefits and the introduction of new molecules with new mechanisms of action. Opioids are often conjugated with antineoplastic therapy, however, this association brings possible drug interactions. Cytochrome P450 is responsible for the metabolization of a great part of drugs on the market. Identifying, explaining, and assessing the severity of possible drug interactions between oral antineoplastic agents and opioid analgesics were the aims of this investigation. A cross-sectional observational study was developed. Drugs selected in FHNM, were combined one by one in the Micromedex database. Twenty-three interactions were found with different types of grades of evidence and severity, and six were explained. Procarbazine was the oral antineoplastic with the highest number of possible interactions, while the opioid was buprenorphine. It’s important to monitor drug interactions in cancer patients considering the serious consequences that may arise from these.
- Pain overview: classification, conceptual framework, and assessmentPublication . Duarte, Nuno M.; Garcia-Pedraza, José A.; Santos, Marlene E.The ability to evict noxious stimulus increases the likelihood of surviving. It is the result of interactions between specialized cells, the spinal cord, and the brain. Nociceptive pain is related to direct injury of the body. Other forms of pain may not be linked to visible injury. Being multidimensional in nature, classification attempts are unable to embark the plethora of elements that constitute pain. Pain theories can explain the nociceptive quality of it while failing to explain other qualities. Efforts culminated in the development of gate control theory, which spawned many advances in pain management. Assessment tools are useful to determine the intensity of pain and its impact on quality of life. Judicious use of these scales allows healthcare professionals to proper manage patients pain and are validated instruments widely used in research. This short review aims to expand awareness about the phenomenon of pain, its mechanisms, and its measurement.