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- Pre-pandemic versus pandemic times: the impact of psychosocial risk factors on work-related musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare workersPublication . Barros, C.; Baylina, PilarHealthcare workers, particularly nurses, perform an emotionally exhausting daily work activity, making them susceptible to, namely psychosocial risks. This study aims to assess and compare the impact of psychosocial risk factors on nurses’ work-related musculoskeletal disorders. It was developed in two distinct moments, at pre-pandemic vs. pandemic times, in a total sample of 456 nurses from public and private hospitals in Portugal. The INSAT—Health and Work Survey—was used to evaluate the impact of psychosocial risk factors on musculoskeletal disorders. Results showed a strong exposure to psychosocial risks. Work pace and intensity, work relationships and emotional demands stood out with higher global average percentages in a different expression before and during covid times. It is important to develop working conditions’ interventions and organizational practices to reduce these health problems that affect a high number of nurses. Therefore, research in this area is essential to understand the psychosocial risks that affect nursing professionals and assess the less visible work-health relationships.
- Telemonitoring in heart failure patient managementPublication . Silva, Patrícia; Gomes, Paulo Veloso; Condeço, Jorge; Curado, Henrique; Veloso, RitaHeart failure is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome, associated with high costs to the national health system and with a negative impact on patients’ quality of life. In order to reduce mortality, the rate of hospitalisations and improve quality of life, the empowerment of the patient for self-care from self-monitoring of signs and symptoms, taking medication, education about the disease, is a pillar of the treatment so that they can recognise signs of exacerbation of the disease in time and resort to health services early. Mobile health apps (mHealthh) have shown promise as a tool to engage and promote patient self-care, decreasing mortality and hospitalisations. However, to improve outcomes, more robust studies are needed on the development of the applications with regard to their contents, functions and usability, so as to overcome the obstacles to their use and ensure greater evidence of the benefits of their use.
- The multiplicities of an ethics committee in higher educationPublication . Tavares, Diana; Cruz, Agostinho; Cabral, Ana Paula; Machado, Alberto; Sousa, Helena; Curado, Henrique; Faria, Isabel; Amorim, Manuela; Gonçalves, Maria João; Lopes, Paula Maria da Costa; Monteiro, Pedro R.In the academic context, the main activity of ethics committees is evidently to regulate and monitor any investigation carried out within the institution, if the object of study is a person or biological material. However, it is important to note that ethics committee activity does not end, and cannot end, in this sphere of action. These entities are fundamental in raising awareness of the academic community for the assumption and incorporation of certain principles and values in their practices and in those of their members. Those principles and values include professional secrecy, respect for integrity and privacy, principles that become even more relevant when they refer to vulnerable people, such as health users. In a constantly changing world, ethics committees must identify new challenges and anticipate, as far as possible, action strategies. Having an ethics committee in a higher educational institution provides opportunities to, in a timely manner, be aware of the state of the art in bioethics or have access to recent research in healthcare.
- Health promotion conceptual evolution and program development: a literature ReviewPublication . Félix, José; Santos, Paula Clara; Baylina, PilarThe World Health Organization defends prevention and health promotion among communities as a driver of economic and social development, where the individual level of health literacy determines health choices such as adopting healthy lifestyles, managing individual healthcare and preventing chronic diseases. Currently, health promotion is guided by a set of values, being these principles essential for identifying needs and priorities, planning, implementing, evaluating and determining the health promotion programs, that can be defined as a set of programmed, integrated and interrelated strategies and actions that aim to promote health, prevent risks, reduce years of life lost due to disability and increase quality of life. There are several models for planning health promotion programs, such as the Precede-Proceed Model, the Multivariate Approach to community Health (MATCH) Model, the Mapped Intervention Model and the Social Marketing Model. A good planning of a health promotion program can effectively reduce the health costs.
- The emergence of biobanks: between ethics, risks, and governancePublication . Downey, Catarina; Curado, Henrique; Jacquinet, MarcPublic health research and planning, and the development of more effective therapies for individuals may take on radical new dimensions with the newly information made available through biobanks. Furthermore, the information that can be disclosed about an individual can also be used, intentionally or unintentionally, for economic and social discrimination, especially in insurance, employment, attribution of bank credits and other access issues.
- Opportunities and challenges for electronic health record: concepts, costs, benefits, and regulationPublication . Jacquinet, Marc; Curado, HenriqueIn this section, after a brief history, the issue of definition and several dimensions of electronic health records will be tackled. If the first known medical records can be traced to Hippocrates and the goals he attributed to these records were to describe accurately the course of a disease and gives a probable cause of it; the electronic dimension of these records can be traced back to the 1960s in some hospitals that started a more systematic recording and use of patients’ data by services and doctors. But it is still more recently, in the 1990s, with the ever wider use of internet and online databases that the electronic health record emerged as a new tool in the public health systems of OECD countries.
- Las bases de datos de adn y derechos fundamentales : la respuesta desde el derecho portuguésPublication . Curado, HenriqueA problemática das bases de dados de ADN pressupõe uma análise face às alterações legislativas aprovadas na União Europeia a 27 de Abril de 2016 respeitante à proteção de pessoas singulares quanto ao tratamento de dados pessoais e à livre circulação desses dados, dada a remissão das leisde bases de dados de ADN em geral para as leis de proteção de dados pessoais dos respetivos países.
- Management of tacit knowledge issue of empowerment of patients and stakeholders in the health care sectorPublication . Jacquinet, Marc; Curado, Henrique; Nobre, Ângela Lacerda; Sousa, Maria José; Arraya, Marco; Pimenta, Rui; Martins, António EduardoThere is a growing literature on health and health care dedicated to empowerment of patients; but there is still a gap in the literature to conceptualize knowledge, to extend the discussion of the empowerment of the patients to the stakeholders. The discussion is at the level of managerial processes of empowerment and knowledge management related to health care. The present chapter starts with a review on empow- erment, especially focused on the health sector. The following sections will develop a critical analysis of empowerment, mainly around the concept of tacit knowledge (Polanyi) and knowledge management. One key variable is the proximity of the actors involved in the empowerment process. This key variable is very much related to the tacitness issue of knowledge production and flows. The chapter extends the discussion of the empowerment of the patients to that of the stakeholders and the general debate about health literacy. A model is briefly described for the purpose of illustrating the learning process in a knowledge management implemented in health care.
- Modelling reporting delays in a multilevel structured surveillance system - application to portuguese HIV-AIDS dataPublication . Oliveira, Alexandra; Amorim, Humberta; Gaio, Rita; Reis, Luís PauloIn a deeply interconnected world of people and goods, infectious diseases constitute a serious threat. An active vigilance is required. The collection of adequate data is vital and coordinated by surveillance systems. It is widely-acknowledged that every case-reporting system has some degree of under-reporting and reporting delay in particular in HIV-AIDS Portuguese Surveillance System. To better understand the processes generating the reporting delays, which is an administrative process, it was used a flexible continuous time fully parametric survival analysis approach. It was taken into consideration the hierarchical administrative and organizational structure of the system as well as the relevant changes in the procedures throughout the time. The best multilevel structure to represent reporting delays in continuous time is the model where the individuals are nested into Reporting Entities (20.24% of the variance) which are nested into Type of services (8% of the variance) with the log-normal distribution.
- Psychosocial risks factors among psychologists: What are we talking about?Publication . Barros, Carla; Baylina, Pilar; Fonte, Carla; Alves, SóniaMental health professionals, as psychologists, have a demanding and emotionally exhausting profession, which makes it susceptible to occupational risks, namely psychosocial risks. Three areas of psychology practice, Clinical and Health Psychology, Work and Organizational Psychology, and Education Psychology are expose to different working contexts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychosocial risks factors and their differences between the three psychology specialties. 339 psychologists participated in the study and results suggest significant differences in terms of high demands and work intensity, working hours, work and employment relations, ethical and values conflicts and work characteristics. In conclusion, this study allows a better understanding to provide strategies for preventing and reducing the incidence of psychosocial risks among psychologists.