Percorrer por autor "Carvalho, Irene P."
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- Amygdala activation in response to 2D and 3D emotion-inducing stimuliPublication . Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barbosa, Fernando; Monteiro, Luís; Leitão, Miguel; Reis, Mafalda; Coelho, Carlos M.; Ribeiro, Eduardo; Carvalho, Irene P.; Sousa, Liliana; Castro-Caldas, AlexandreStudying changes in brain activation according to the valence of emotion-inducing stimuli is essential in the research on emotions. Due to the ecological potential of virtual reality, it is also important to examine whether brain activation in response to emotional stimuli can be modulated by the three-dimensional (3D) properties of the images. This study uses functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to compare differences between 3D and standard (2D) visual stimuli in the activation of emotion-related brain areas. The stimuli were organized in three virtual-reality scenarios, each with a different emotional valence (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral). The scenarios were presented in a pseudo-randomized order in the two visualization modes to twelve healthy males. Data were analyzed through a GLM-based fixed effects procedure. Unpleasant and neutral stimuli activated the right amygdala more strongly when presented in 3D than in 2D. These results suggest that 3D stimuli, when used as “building blocks” for virtual environments, can induce increased emotional loading, as shown here through neuroimaging.
- An fMRI paradigm based on Williams inhibition test to study the neural substrates of attention and inhibitory controlPublication . Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barbosa, Fernando; Carvalho, Irene P.; Almeida, Isabel; Guerreiro, Sandra; da Rocha, Benedita Martins; Cunha, Gil; Castelo Branco, Miguel; de Sousa, Liliana; Castro Caldas, AlexandreThe purpose of this study is to present an fMRI paradigm, based on the Williams inhibition test (WIT), to study attentional and inhibitory control and their neuroanatomical substrates. We present an index of the validity of the proposed paradigm and test whether the experimental task discriminates the behavioral performances of healthy participants from those of individuals with acquired brain injury. Stroop and Simon tests present similarities with WIT, but this latter is more demanding. We analyze the BOLD signal in 10 healthy participants performing the WIT. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the inferior prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex were defined for specified region of interest analysis. We additionally compare behavioral data (hits, errors, reaction times) of the healthy participants with those of eight acquired brain injury patients. Data were analyzed with GLM-based random effects and Mann-Whitney tests. Results show the involvement of the defined regions and indicate that the WIT is sensitive to brain lesions. This WIT-based block design paradigm can be used as a research methodology for behavioral and neuroimaging studies of the attentional and inhibitory components of executive functions.
- An international cross-sectional investigation on social media, fitspiration content exposure, and related risks during the COVID-19 self-isolation periodPublication . Cataldo, Ilaria; Burkauska, Julius; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Carvalho, Irene P.; Simonato, Pierluigi; De Luca, laria; Gómez-Martínez, Maria Ángeles; Rebeca, Alejandra; Ventola, Melero; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Szabo, Attila; Ábel, Krisztina Edina; Shibata, Mami; Kobayashi, Kei; Fujiwara, Hironobu; Arroyo-Anlló, Eva Maria; Martinotti, Giovanni; Barbosa, Fernando; Griskova-Bulanova, Inga; Pranckeviciene, Aiste; Bowden-Jones, Henrietta; Esposito, Gianluca; Corazza, OrnellaWith the global COVID-19 pandemic, governments from many countries in the world implemented various restrictions to prevent the SARS-Cov-2 virus's spread, including social distancing measures, quarantine, in-home lockdown, and the closure of services and public spaces. This led to an in-creased use of social media platforms to make people feel more connected, but also to maintain physical activity while self-isolating. Concerns about physical appearance and the desire to keep or reach a muscular and toned ideal body, might have further reinforced the engagement in fitness-related social media activities, like sharing progresses in training achievements or following more fitness contents on popular profiles. To better understand the underlying relation among these factors, the present study investigates 729 responses to the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and their association to social media usage and compares the results cross-culturally in five countries (Spain, Lithuania, United Kingdom, Japan, and Hungary). Findings highlight significant differences between males and females, espe-cially in regard to the time spent online (U = 477.5, p = 0.036). Greater levels of appearance anxiety were associated with the exposure to fitness-related contents on social media. These results strongly confirm the previously highlighted association between fitspiration media and body image anxiety predominantly in females. Clinical implications and future considerations in terms of prevention and treatment in a situation of global emergency are also discussed.
- Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in PortugalPublication . Carvalho, Irene P.; Peixoto, Bruno; Caldas, José Carlos; Costa, Ana; Silva, Sofia; Moreira, Bárbara; Almeida, Agostinho; Moreira-Rosário, André; Guerra, António; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Sintra, Diana; Pestana, Diogo; Pinto, Edgar; Mendes, Francisca Castro; Martins, Inês; Leite, João Costa; Fontoura, Manuel; Maia, Maria Luz; Queirós, Pedro; Moreira, Roxana; Leal, Sandra; Norberto, Sónia; Costa, Vera; Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz; Keating, Elisa; Azevedo, Luís; Calhau, ConceiçãoThe goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased with increasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = 0.047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementation
- Association between elevated iodine intake and IQ among school children in PortugalPublication . Carvalho, Irene P.; Peixoto, Bruno; Caldas, José Carlos; Costa, Ana; Silva, Sofia; Moreira, Bárbara; Almeida, Agostinho; Moreira-Rosário, André; Guerra, António; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Sintra, Diana; Pestana, Diogo; Pinto, Edgar; Mendes, Francisca Castro; Martins, Inês; Leite, João Costa; Fontoura, Manuel; Maia, Maria Luz; Queirós, Pedro; Moreira, Roxana; Leal, Sandra; Norberto, Sónia; Costa, Vera; Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz; Keating, Elisa; Azevedo, Luís; Calhau, ConceiçãoThe goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased withncreasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = .047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementation.
- At-distance neurocognitive rehabilitation during COVID-19 pandemic: A first glance of patients’ perspectives about the process and an online platformPublication . Geraldo, Andreia ; Dores, Artemisa R; Carvalho, Irene P.; Guerreiro, Sandra; Castro-Caldas, Alexandre; Barbosa, FernandoDespite the use of digital communication technologies in neurocognitive rehabilitation has been widely used in face-to-face interventions, the difficulties of using ICT-based tools to provide rehabilitation services and the unfamiliarity of the neuropsychologists with internet interventions limited the use of these kinds of interventions in their clinical practices. The lockdown and mitigating measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, on the other hand, forced the use of at-distance and online interventions as a means to mitigate the impact of those measures on the mental health and rehabilitation processes of people with neurological disorders. Overall, little is known about the perspectives of patients with acquired neurological conditions about rehabilitation services delivered at distance. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to explore the perceptions that patients with neurological disorders have on at-distance online neurocognitive rehabilitation, namely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixteen patients with acquired neurological conditions attending an online neurocognitive rehabilitation program in a Portuguese rehabilitation center filled in an online questionnaire during the mandatory lockdown. The results of this study highlight the potential of delivering rehabilitation services at distance, presenting its advantages and limitations from patients’ perspectives, as well as suggestions for improving both neurorehabilitation processes and the online rehabilitation platform used.
- Clinical communication in rehabilitationPublication . Carvalho, Irene P.; Dores, Artemisa RochaRehabilitation can be a challenging process for both patients and health care professionals. It is associated with a potential loss of function and competence and might represent the possibility of improvement. Thus, frustration, hope, and other complex and mixed reactions are often at work in this process, along with complications pertaining to the actual disease presentation.
- Empathy and Coping in Allied Health Sciences: Gender PatternsPublication . Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Martins, Helena; Reis, Ana C.; Carvalho, Irene P.This study aimed to examine the patterns of associations between empathy and coping among undergraduate men and women studying at Allied Health Sciences. This cross-sectional study is part of a larger longitudinal study conducted in an Allied Health Sciences School. Participants were 183 undergraduate students from 12 training programs (e.g., Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy).
- Exercise and use of enhancement drugs at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicultural study on poping strategies during self-Isolation and related risksPublication . Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Carvalho, Irene P.; Burkauskas, Julius; Simonato, Pierluigi; De Luca, Ilaria; Mooney, Roisin; Ioannidis, Konstantinos; Gómez-Martínez, M. Ángeles; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Ábel, Krisztina Edina; Szabo, Attila; Fujiwara, Hironobu; Shibata, Mami; Ventola, Alejandra Rebeca Melero; Arroyo-Anlló, Eva Maria; Santos-Labrador, Ricardo M.; Griskova-Bulanova, Inga; Pranckeviciene, Aiste; Kobayashi, KeiLittle is known about the impact of restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on self-image and engagement in exercise and other coping strategies alongside the use of image and performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs) to boost performance and appearance.
- Internet severity and activities questionnaire (ISAAQ): tradução e adaptação para português europeuPublication . Dores, Artemisa R.; Antunes, Cátia; Ioannidis, Konstantinos; Lochner, Christine; Geraldo, Andreia,; Carvalho, Irene P.; Marques, AntónioA internet, ao potenciar comportamentos que se podem configurar como adições comportamentais, pode ter efeitos particularmente negativos em grupos vulneráveis que importa compreender melhor (Fineberg et al., 2018; Dores et al., 2021). Por se tratar de uma área recente, o reduzido número de instrumentos padronizados disponíveis para o seu estudo tem sido uma limitação, designadamente em Portugal. Este trabalho tem como objetivo traduzir, adaptar para Português Europeu o Internet Severity and Activities Questionnaire (ISAAQ; Ioannidis et al., 2023; Omrawo et al., 2023) e estudar as propriedades psicométricas da nova versão. Participaram neste estudo 590 estudantes do Ensino Superior (ES), sendo 502 do género feminino (85.1%). Responderam a um inquérito online, constituído por questões sociodemográficas, e pelos instrumentos ISAAQ, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) e Internet Gaming Disorder Scale –Short-Form (IGDS9-SF). Procedeu-se à tradução, retroversão e adaptação do instrumento original, parte A – Escala de Severidade e Parte B – Escala de Atividades Online. Foi analisada a consistência interna, a fiabilidade teste-reteste, efetuada a análise fatorial exploratória (AFE), e calculadas a validade convergente e a validade de critério. Foi efetuada a correlação entre as características sociodemográficas e o ISAAQ, e uma análise de frequências da secção B do instrumento. Resultados: A consistência interna revlou-se quase excelente (α = .892). A validade convergente do ISAAQ foi estabelecida através de uma correlação alta com o IAT e a validade do critério foi estabelecida através de uma correlação moderada com o número de horas diárias despendidas nas redes sociais. Os participantes do género feminino e os participantes com doença mental obtiveram pontuações mais altas na secção A do ISAAQ. O mesmo sucedeu com os utilizadores das redes sociais Instagram, Twitter e TikTok. Foi estabelecida uma correlação significativa positiva baixa entre as pontuações do BSMAS e do IGDS-9. O instrumento apresentou boas propriedades psicométricas, revelando-se um instrumento válido e fiável para o contexto português. Em trabalhos futuros espera-se a tradução deste instrumento para outros países da Lusofonia.
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