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Browsing ESS - RAD - Artigos by Author "Adubeiro, Nuno"
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- Acute effects of physical exercise with microcurrent in the adipose tissue of the abdominal region: A randomized controlled trialPublication . Noites, Andreia; Moreira, Anabela; Melo, Cristina; Faria, Miriam; Vilarinho, Rui; Freitas, Carla; Monteiro, Pedro; Carvalho, Paulo; Adubeiro, Nuno; Sousa, Maria; Santos, Rubim; Nogueira, LuisaIncreased abdominal fat and sedentary lifestyles contribute to cardiovascular disease risk. Low-intensity electrical current (microcurrent) on the abdominal region, associated with physical exercise, appears to be an innovative method to increase the lipolytic rate of abdominal adipocytes, in order to reduce abdominal fat. This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of microcurrent associated with an aerobic exercise program in healthy subjects in lipolysis. A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was developed and conducted in a higher education school. Eighty-three healthy subjects, aged between 18 and 30 years old and with a 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m2 body mass index were randomly assigned either to an experimental or to a placebo group. Subjects received a trans-abdominal microcurrent stimulation for 40 min with (experimental group) or without (placebo group) electrical current, followed by a single aerobic exercise session (60 min at 45–55% VO2max intensity). Lipolytic activity (serum glycerol), abdominal fat (waist circumference, abdominal skinfold, ultrasonography), and serum lipid profile (serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were evaluated in all subjects. Physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and dietary intake (food-frequency questionnaire) questionnaires were applied. After the intervention, lipolytic rate was significantly higher (p = 0.003) in the experimental group (mean = 0.15) than in the placebo group (mean = 0.09). Glycerol results showed a statistically significant increase between baseline and after the intervention for both experimental group (p = 0.001) and the placebo group (p = 0.001). Combined use of microcurrent and physical aerobic exercise had an acute effect enhancing lipolytic rate comparing to exercise alone, in young healthy subjects.
- Apparent diffusion coefficient in the analysis of prostate cancer: determination of optimal b-value pair to differentiate normal from malignant tissuePublication . Adubeiro, Nuno; Nogueira, Maria Luísa; Nunes, Rita G.; Ferreira, Hugo Alexandre; Ribeiro, Eduardo; La Fuente, José Maria FerreiraPurpose Determining optimal b-value pair for differentiation between normal and prostate cancer (PCa) tissues. Methods Forty-three patients with diagnosis or PCa symptoms were included. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was estimated using minimum and maximum b-values of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 500 s/mm2 and 500, 800, 1100, 1400, 1700 and 2000s/mm2, respectively. Diagnostic performances were evaluated when Area-under-the-curve (AUC) > 95%. Results 15 of the 35 b-values pair surpassed this AUC threshold. The pair (50, 2000 s/mm2) provided the highest AUC (96%) with ADC cutoff 0.89 × 10–3 mm2/s, sensitivity 95.5%, specificity 93.2% and accuracy 94.4%. Conclusions The best b-value pair was b = 50, 2000 s/mm2.
- Associations between nutrition, energy expenditure and energy availability with bone mass acquisition in dance students: a 3-year longitudinal studyPublication . Amorim, Tânia; Freitas, Laura; Metsios, George S.; Thayse, Natacha Gomes; Wyon, Matthew; Flouris, Andreas D.; Maia, José; Marques, Franklim; Nogueira, Luísa; Adubeiro, Nuno; Koutedakis, YiannisThree years of study showed that female and male vocational dancers displayed lower bone mass compared to controls, at forearm, lumbar spine and femoral neck. Energy intake was found to positively predict bone mass accruals only in female dancers at femoral neck. Vocational dancers can be a risk population to develop osteoporosis.
- Bone mineral density in vocational and professional ballet dancersPublication . Amorim, T.; Koutedakis, Y.; Nevill, A.; Wyon, M.; Maia, J.; Machado, J. C.; Marques, F.; Metsios, G.S.; Flouris, A.D.; Adubeiro, Nuno; Nogueira, L.; Dimitriou, L.According to existing literature, bone health in ballet dancers is controversial. We have verified that, compared to controls, young female and male vocational ballet dancers have lower bone mineral density (BMD) at both impact and non-impact sites, whereas female professional ballet dancers have lower BMD only at non-impact sites.
- Editorial for “3D breast cancer segmentation in DCE‐MRI using deep learning with weak annotation”Publication . Nogueira, Luísa; Adubeiro, Nuno; Nunes, Rita G.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows higher diagnostic performance in the detection of breast tumors, compared with other imaging modalities. Breast MRI protocols include dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) images with high spatial and temporal resolution and are central indiagnosis, staging, and follow-up of breast cancer. DCE features provide physiological and anatomical lesion characteristics. To extract these data, manual lesion segmentation is currently performed, which is a critical time-consuming step,introducing bias and variability and impacting the reproducibility of the extracted features. To overcome these limitations, artificial intelligence algorithms have been explored, especially deep learning (DL) methods, for automatic lesion segmentation. This has been an active area of research, pivotal in the analysis of quantitative medical images. Most lesion segmentation methods have been based on semiautomatic or supervised learning approaches, presenting an important limitation: slice-by-slice 2D segmentations are typically performed, leading to suboptimal 3D masks upon concatenation. Recently, DL methods based on vision transformers have gained popularity in breast lesion segmentation, improving results over traditional machine learning. Although fully convolutional neural networks (CNNs) show powerful learning capabilities, their performance in learning long-range dependencies is limited, presenting decreased capacity in the segmentation of structures including different shapes and scales. UNETR is an architecture that replaces the CNN-based encoder with a transformer, which can capture low-level details in 3D segmentation. UNETR directly connects the encoder to the decoder via skip connections and can directly use volumetric data. Compared with CNN or transformer-based segmentation methods, UNETR can better capture dependencies at diverse spatial scales, both local and long-range enabling improved segmentation. In this retrospective study, Kim et al developed a model based on weak annotations, for detection and 3D segmentation of breast cancer in a sample of 736 women, using different input combinations in a three-time point (3TP) approach, from DCE-MRI images, acquired in two 3 T scanners from different manufacturers. The sample was divided into training (N = 544)and test sets (N = 192). To reduce the workload required toobta in ground truth segmentations, tumors were first segmented using weak annotations by two radiologists in consensus drawing bounding rectangles encompassing the lesion on two projection images. The rectangles were used to generate a 3D bounding box applied to the image obtained by subtracting the pre-contrast from the post-contrast image. An automatic thres holding method was used for automatic lesion segmentation; the mask was then refined to better define the lesion boundaries and exclude noisyor confounding regions (false positives). For training the segmen-tation network, images acquired at three different temporal acquisition points (pre-contrast, early, and delayed post-contrast) were used to construct three inputs: input 1 (pre-contrast, early phase),input 2 (pre-contrast, early, and delayed phase), and input 3 (pre-contrast and delayed phase). A different UNETR model wastrained for each input, and segmentation performances were compared, qualitatively and quantitatively, based on MRI features and immunohistochemical (IHC) classification. The best DL model presented a reliable performance for automated 3D segmentation of breast cancer with a median dicesimilarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.75 for the whole breast and 0.89 for the index lesion. The performance of the UNETR model was in accordance with the DSC values reported by other researchers employing alternative segmentation algorithms. Regarding the qualitative analysis of the segmentation results, the segmentation was successfully done in 83% of the cases derived from inputs 1 and 2, and from these, 95% were considered as acceptable detection. The authors also evaluated the performance of the segmentation according to base line characteristics and found significant differences for the whole breast and main lesion. For main lesion, significant differences were observed according to lesion size and IHC type. Regarding visual analysis, significant differences were found between lesion type (mass vs. non-mass enhancement) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) level. In their study, there were nine cases of failed segmentation, which corresponded totumors with small volumes, from which five cases were not segmented and four cases corresponded to abundant BPE,meaning false-positive results.© 2023 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2263 Further developments of 3D UNETR architecture could be done to improve small lesion detection, to distinguish between mass and non-mass lesions, especially the boundaries of non-masses, and to distinguish between BPE and tumors. Attending to the implementation of DL algorithms in the clinical practice, this type of algorithm is expected to improve the detection of small lesions and the prediction of response to treatment, there by reducing the number of performed biopsies and, potentially, enabling the use of an abbreviated MRI pro-tocol, which would reduce MRI exam durations, improving patient comfort, and reducing costs.
- Editorial for “Detecting adverse pathology of prostate cancer with a deep learning approach based on a 3D swin-transformer model and biparametric MRI: A multicenter retrospective study"Publication . Adubeiro, Nuno; Nogueira, LuísaProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Timely and accurate diagnosis is important to avoid overtreatment of men with indolent, clinically insignificant PCa and to offer radical curative treatment with life-threatening, clinically significant PCa. Radical prostatectomy (RP) has become the standard care for eligible patients because of its cancer control and improved survival. Although most patients remained disease-free after RP, 20%–30% of patients develop recurrence of the disease at follow-up.3 Therefore, the assessment of reliable prognostic predictors of recurrence after RP is clinically important for guiding clinical decision-making and patient counseling. To date, several factors are considered adverse pathology (AP) features such as preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason score, tumor stage, surgical margin status, lymph node invasion, extracapsular extension (ECE), and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). All of them have been identified as prognostic factors for recurrence after RP.
- Editorial for “Three‐dimensional multifrequency MR elastography for microvascular invasion and prognosis assessment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma”Publication . Adubeiro, Nuno; Nunes, Rita G.; Nogueira, LuísaThe prognosis of individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the most prevalent primary liver malignancy, is closely linked to the aggressiveness and recurrence of the tumor. The occurrence of complications after surgery continues to be a major and persistent challenge. MR elastography (MRE) employs a modified phase-contrast imaging sequence, combined with the use of an external driver to transmit mechanical vibrations to the tissues, to identify propagating shear waves within the liver. This technique allows the assessment of a substantial portion of the liver and provides information on multiple mechanical properties associated with various pathophysiological states. Due to substantial progress in MR technology, MRE has proven to be a precise noninvasive diagnostic method for detecting and monitoring various liver diseases. MRE imaging could serve as a valuable tool for staging malignancy and predict disease prognosis.
- Endocrine parameters in association with bone mineral accrual in young female vocational ballet dancersPublication . Amorim, Tânia; Metsios, George S.; Flouris, Andreas D.; Nevill, Alan; Gomes, Thayse N.; Wyon, Matthew; Marques, Franklim; Nogueira, Luisa; Adubeiro, Nuno; Jamurtas, Athanasios Z.; Maia, José; Koutedakis, YiannisLess is known on bone mass gains in dancers involved in vocational dance training. The present study found that, as young vocational dancers progress on their professional training, their bone health remains consistently lower compared to non- exercising controls. Endocrine mechanisms do not seem to explain these findings.
- Genetic variation in Wnt/β-catenin and ER signalling pathways in female and male elite dancers and its associations with low bone mineral density: a cross-section and longitudinal studyPublication . Amorim, T.; Durães, C.; Machado, J. C.; Metsios, G. S.; Wyon, M.; Maia, J.; Flouris, A. D.; Marques, F.; Nogueira, Luisa; Adubeiro, Nuno; Koutedakis, Y.The association of genetic polymorphisms with low bone mineral density in elite athletes have not been considered previously. The present study found that bone mass phenotypes in elite and pre-elite dancers are related to genetic variants at the Wnt/β-catenin and ER pathways.
- Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring Bone Mass: Different Associations in Healthy Weight Versus Overweight WomenPublication . Monjardino, Teresa; Henriques, Ana; Moreira, Carla; Rodrigues, Teresa; Adubeiro, Nuno; Nogueira, Luísa; Cooper, Cyrus; Santos, Ana Cristina; Lucas, RaquelWeight management strategies during pregnancy reduce child cardiometabolic risk. However, because maternal weight has an overall positive correlation with offspring bone mass, pregnancy weight management could adversely affect child bone health. We aimed to estimate associations between gestational weight gain (GWG) and bone mineralization in the offspring at 7 years of age, and test early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) as an effect modifier. We analyzed prospective data from 2167 mother-child pairs from the Generation XXI birth cohort who underwent whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 7 years of age. GWG was analyzed as a continuous measure and using the Institute of Medicine categories. In the whole sample and for each early pregnancy BMI category (under/normal weight and overweight/obese), relationships between GWG and offspring bone measures (bone mineral content [BMC], bone areal density [aBMD], size-corrected BMC [scBMC], and height) at 7 years were fitted through local polynomial regression and smoothing splines. The magnitude of associations was estimated through linear regression coefficients (95% CIs), crude and adjusted for maternal age, height, educational level, and child gestational age. In under/normal weight mothers, GWG was associated with slightly increased bone measures at 7 years (per 5 kg of GWG, BMC: 0.07 SD [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.12]; aBMD: 0.10 SD [95% CI, 0.05 to 0.15], scBMC: 0.11SD [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.16], and height: 0.05 SD [95% CI, 0.00 to 0.10]), while in overweight/obese mothers no effect of GWG on bone was observed (BMC: 0.02 SD [95% CI, -0.04 to 0.09]; aBMD: 0.02 SD [95% CI, -0.04 to 0.08], scBMC: 0.01 SD [95% CI, -0.06 to 0.08], and height: 0.02 SD [95% CI, -0.04 to 0.08]). Also, no advantageous effect of gaining weight above the Institute of Medicine recommendations was observed in either early pregnancy BMI group. Our results suggest that adherence to Institute of Medicine recommendations for pregnancy weight gain is unlikely to have a negative repercussion on offspring bone health, particularly in women with excess weight in early pregnancy.