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- Virtual reality in the treatment of acrophobiaPublication . Maravalhas, Vanessa; Marques, António; Sousa, Sara; Monteiro, Pedro; Simões De Almeida, RaquelExposure Therapy using Virtual Reality has been indicated as one of the most promising therapeutic approaches in the treatment of Acrophobia, because Virtual Reality generates exposure conditions systematic controlled and customized desensitization of the individual concerning the phobic incitement and the impulsive responses related to it, potentiating the emotional self-regulated competence and the incorporated cognitive restructuration. This quasi-experimental study had the purpose to analyze the impact of an exposure therapy program using Virtual Reality in the reduction of fear of heights on a sample of the Portuguese population. In this study participated 19 people with and without fear of heights, being distributed by the experimental and control groups. The program was composed of 8 sessions distributed biweekly, corresponding to a total program duration of 4 weeks. The impact of the program was analyzed through the administration of anxiety and acrophobia level assessment instruments and operationalization of psychophysiological procedures, focused on the biofeedback principles, before and after the intervention. The results from both self-report and psychophysiological data revealed a significant reduction in fear of heights in the participants exposed to the exposure therapy program, showing a positive impact of this protocol on the treatment of Acrophobia.
- Biosensors, biofeedback, and neurofeedbackPublication . Monteiro, Pedro; Tavares, Diana; Mourão, Luís; Nouws, Henri P. A.; Maia, GiselaIn this chapter, the authors write about the processes of biofeedback, giving an insight about the sensors that might be used, the overall concept of biofeedback, as well as the evidence regarding the effectiveness of neurofeedback for the treatment of mental disorders.The main goal is to provide those introducing to the biofeedback as a self-regulation technique, used now for more than 50 years, with concise information about the sensors that might be used to detect the most common measured responses, the main types of physiological biofeedback, and the state-of-the-art evidence about neurofeedback as a form of brain training for individuals with the most prevalent mental disorders. Biofeedback and neurofeedback are guided therapies that include a vast and rowing variety of methodologies aimed to return information to the individual, regarding the physiological functions of the organism itself, in order to enable the modification of those otherwise considered unconscious physiological responses, designed to improve the individual’s health and wellness
- Integração do metabolismo do tecido ósseoPublication . Costa-Rodrigues, João
- The multiplicities of an ethics committee in higher educationPublication . Tavares, Diana; Cruz, Agostinho; Cabral, Ana Paula; Machado, Alberto; Sousa, Helena; Curado, Henrique; Faria, Isabel; Amorim, Manuela; Gonçalves, Maria João; Lopes, Paula Maria da Costa; Monteiro, Pedro R.In the academic context, the main activity of ethics committees is evidently to regulate and monitor any investigation carried out within the institution, if the object of study is a person or biological material. However, it is important to note that ethics committee activity does not end, and cannot end, in this sphere of action. These entities are fundamental in raising awareness of the academic community for the assumption and incorporation of certain principles and values in their practices and in those of their members. Those principles and values include professional secrecy, respect for integrity and privacy, principles that become even more relevant when they refer to vulnerable people, such as health users. In a constantly changing world, ethics committees must identify new challenges and anticipate, as far as possible, action strategies. Having an ethics committee in a higher educational institution provides opportunities to, in a timely manner, be aware of the state of the art in bioethics or have access to recent research in healthcare.
- Prevenção do consumo de álcool e drogas: da centralidade da informação à centralidade da relaçãoPublication . Carvalho, M. Carmo; Veríssimo, Lurdes; Summavielle, TeresaNeste texto reúnem-se saberes de três áreas disciplinares – a Psicologia do Comportamento Desviante, a Psicologia da Educação e as Neurociências – com uma missão: dotar os leitores a quem se levanta o desafio de implementar intervenção preventiva, com um conjunto de racionais, estratégias e conteúdos informativos adaptados ao estado atual do saber sobre prevenção e uso de substâncias psicoativas nos jovens. Muito se avançou desde as primeiras abordagens nesta matéria, baseadas na difusão do medo e na inoculação social através de informações acríticas e desajustadas das necessidades dos jovens. Sabemos hoje como é importante uma aposta na dimensão relacional quando pensamos intervenção dirigida a jovens. Sabemos também da necessidade de uma abordagem que privilegie segurança e conhecimento científico. E sabemos da centralidade dos contextos Escola e Família. Por isso nos centramos aqui em Pais e Professores - os dois grandes atores na missão de Educar. Frequentemente perdidos na direção a seguir na abordagem do tema do uso de substâncias entre jovens, a eles se destina este esforço, assim como a todos os Técnicos que com eles trabalham.
- Very long-term effects of chronic cocaine on anxiety and stressPublication . Alves, C.J.; Magalhães, A.; Monteiro, Pedro; Summavielle, TeresaHigh anxiety levels and heightened stress are important factors for cocaine maintenance, reinforcing, and relapse. Chronic cocaine is known to result in a high prevalence of anxiety disorders. However, anxiety and poor stress coping are also relevant factors to the onset of cocaine use. Consequently, there is a strong association between cocaine, anxiety, and stress, which results from impaired functioning of the mesocorticolimbic system, and deregulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. Here, we review the long-term effects of chronic cocaine on anxiety and stress both in clinical and preclinical reports. Adolescence in particular is a developmental period of high prevalence of anxiety disorders, where impaired response to stressors appears as a relevant factor for drug vulnerability and experimentation. At withdrawal, heightened states of anxiety are also common, acting as relapse promoters. Improved understanding of how anxiety and stress evolve in response to chronic cocaine may contribute to more comprehensive therapeutic approaches.