ESHT - Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo
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- Trends in hotel pricing: identifying guest value hotel attributes using the cases of Lisbon and PortoPublication . Castro, Conceição; Ferreira, Fernanda A.; Ferreira, FlávioPurpose – The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare the effect of different hotel characteristics and room attributes on room rates of hotels in the cities of Lisbon and Porto, the capital and second most important city in Portugal. Design/methodology/approach – Using the hedonic pricing method, hotel characteristics are decomposed and analyzed, giving us the perception of the impact of each hotel attributes on the room rates and the people’s willingness to pay for this. Ordinary least square regression analysis was applied to the hedonic price model to find which variables could explain differences in the hotel room rates in Lisbon and Porto. Findings – The results suggest that in Lisbon and in Porto, a number of common characteristics have significant effects on consumer willingness to pay for a stay in a hotel as star rating, consumer rating and the room size. In Porto, the existence of a fitness centre and in Lisbon, the distance to the city centre are also attributes that create a premium in room rates. Practical implications – The knowledge of the most valued characteristics by consumers is an important tool for hotel managers to define a price strategy. Also important is the knowledge of the attributes that provide more added value for consumers as these should be taken into account in new investment decisions. Originality/value – This study highlights the implications of the way one defines and measures qualitative hotel characteristics in hedonic pricing. Although the hedonic method has been applied in several studies, to our knowledge, in Portugal, there are few studies applied only to hotel room rates, and there are no studies comparing hotel room rates in different Portuguese cities. Moreover, the research highlights the critical role of a proper definition and measurement of the variables in hedonic pricing in general and the hotel star in particular.
- Privatization and optimum-welfare in an international Cournot duopolyPublication . Ferreira, Fernanda A.; Ferreira, FlávioIn this paper, we will analyse the relationship between privatization of a public firm and tax revenue for the domestic government in an international competition, with import tariffs. We consider a duopoly model where a domestic public firmand a foreign private firmcompete in the domesticmarket, asCournot players. Furthermore, the domestic government imposes a tariff to regulate an imported good, and may have a higher preference for tariff revenue than for social welfare. We compute the outputs at equilibrium and we show that privatization (i) will increase the profits of both domestic and foreign firms; (ii) will increase the tariff imposed to the imported good; and (iii) will decrease the domestic welfare. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a rise in the government’s preference for tariff revenues raises the social welfare in both mixed and private models.
- Erasmus students expectations: a qualitative study in portuguese contextPublication . Silva, Susana; Silva, Cândida; Martins, DoraThe European Commission presents the Erasmus+ Programme as a tool to achieving economic growth and creating highly-skilled jobs in Europe, in order to strengthen its position as a knowledgebased economy. This programme aims to improve the quality and relevance of higher education, strengthening quality through mobility and cross-border cooperation, making the knowledge triangle work: linking higher education, research and business to achieve excellence and bring about regional development, and therefore improving governance and funding. The aim of this work is to analyse and understand the Erasmus+ student’s expectations that choose a Portuguese higher education institution to perform their Erasmus+ experience. 54 Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Erasmus+ students. The main results showed that the motivations to have an Erasmus+ experience were the need to learn another language and add cultural background to their personal experience. It is also understood as a good way to develop their knowledge in academic and personal learning, and to promote their employability. Erasmus+ students believe that their curriculum vitae is valued, gaining more flexibility and more competence to work in the international environment. Their expectations are to improve the domain of a foreign language, to increase personal and professional independence, to ameliorate academic and communication skills, and to have more responsibility and comprehension about professional environments. The return to the home country is also referred as a relevant moment in this experience. Students expect to be more confident in that occasion, to have more personal and professional skills that facilitate their employability. The reached results allowed obtaining the following evidences: (1) the main motivations of students in an Erasmus+ programme to choose an institution were the good weather conditions, similar culture, language facilities, good networks between the home and host institutions, and personal development.; (2) the personal development includes academic and learning aspects of development of the individual curriculum vitae as well as being a facilitator to their professional integration in the market labour since that companies value international mobility experiences, which shows personal flexibility and a more natural ability to work internationally; (3) in the mobility process is important to have good processual organization of the host institution, the teachers availability to help foreign students and the fact that all the staff in the host institution can speak English; and (4) the soft skills development of students, namely communication, independency, responsibility and confidence, as well as academic skill, which may potentiate students employability at home countries.
- Expatriation: the focus on psychological contractPublication . Silva, Susana; Santiago, Filipa; Martins, DoraIn the past few years, the number of expatriates has shown a growth trend worldwide. Accordingly, the expatriate management, which integrates the subsystem of International Human Resources Management, has now a renewed attention and has been growing as an intervention area of Human Resources Management. Therefore, the psychological contract has been seen, more and more, as a relevant factor in explaining the labour relations and the number of studies around this theme has increased. The success of expatriation is directly influenced by the psychological contract and depends largely on how HRM practices are developed (Homem & Tolfo, 2008). Understanding the reaction of workers through changes (Bligh & Carsten, 2005; Shield et al., 2002) is essential, since the response behaviour can be a crucial contribution to the success or failure of the international assignment. In the same context, we are witnessing an increasing attention on the contribution that the Psychological Contract may have under uncertainty. The individual, as an employee of an organization that decides to accept an international assignment and move to another country, needs to fit in a continuous and motivating relationship with the employer. The concept of the psychological contract is fundamental to the understanding of labour relations, based on the perceptions of those involved. Many aspects of these relationships are implicit (unwritten) which can cause different interpretations of expectations, promises and obligations between parties. Several authors argue that the psychological contract is the key to understand and manage the attitudes and behaviour of individuals in organizations (Bunderson, 2001; Kraimer et al., 2005; Lemire & Rouillard, 2005). The goal of this work is to understand the psychological contract in expatriates: before the assignment, after adjustment to the host country and repatriation. A qualitative methodology was used, and for that we applied semi-structured individual interviews and sociographic questionnaire to people who were, at the time, expatriate. In total, ten interviews were conducted and the analysis of the interviews were made through Grounded Theory. The results suggest that there is only fulfilment of the psychological contract in the stage of the preparation of the international assignment, existing, on the other hand, breach of the psychological contract during expatriation and at repatriation, according to the perception that expatriates have about the end of expatriation. However, most of the interviewed expatriates evaluates positively the expatriation experience, although organizations appear to have just a few rules to support expatriate, particularly logistical and financial support, and not having a complete and thorough program of support to the expatriation management. The results also suggest that it is essential that organizations encourage communication with expatriates and promote the continuous support, which should be constant and intrinsic to all phases of expatriation in order to avoid the “abandon” feeling.
- Turismo de fronteira, aplicação à Raia Seca Luso-Espanhola, Região Norte de Portugal e GalizaPublication . Liberato, Dália; Alén, Elisa; Liberato, PedroAs regiões de fronteira são na atualidade, desafios colocados aos atores do território, do ponto de vista do seu desenvolvimento turístico. A temática das fronteiras é atual e de preocupação, não apenas a nível local, mas ao nível da própria União Europeia. São notórios, ao nível da União Europeia estímulos ao desenvolvimento das regiões fronteiriças e da cooperação entre estas regiões, que apresentam os mesmos problemas e características semelhantes, e que pode tornar-se muito positiva. Implicam estratégias de cooperação e de dinamização de políticas de desenvolvimento inovadoras, com envolvimento de todos os atores regionais. A nossa investigação tem por objetivo a análise qualitativa atualizada da cooperação estratégica entre a região Norte de Portugal e a Comunidade Autónoma da Galiza. A análise qualitativa, com recurso à técnica de entrevista, foi dividida nas categorias da cooperação transfronteiriça e turismo de fronteira na Euro-Região.
- A importância da tecnologia num destino turístico inteligente: o caso do PortoPublication . Liberato, Pedro; Alén, Elisa; Liberato, DáliaO presente trabalho pretende enfatizar a importância crescente das tecnologias de informação e comunicação nos destinos turísticos denominados inteligentes, na sua integração na atividade das empresas do setor, e ainda na sua interação com os visitantes/turistas. A cidade do Porto tem vindo a consolidar a sua posição como destino turístico inteligente, baseado na inovação, pela comunicação e interatividade com o visitante/turista, nos diferentes momentos da experiência turística. Foi aplicado um questionário a 423 turistas na cidade do Porto, com o objetivo de perceber a importância do uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação durante a sua experiência turística, avaliar o acesso/disponibilização das TIC no destino e a sua importância na escolha do mesmo, deduzir se as aplicações e/ou informações disponíveis na internet são importantes e influenciam positivamente a experiência turística no Porto, isto é o seu grau de satisfação.
- Tendencies on reward practices and employees’ satisfaction level: evidence from portuguese companiesPublication . Martins, Dora; Silva, SusanaThe purpose of this research is to characterize the reward practices existing in Portuguese companies through the reward systems developed by these companies. Therefore, it was identified what include systems rewards on Portuguese companies and explored what type of rewards is more valued by employees. Survey data were collected from 146 Portuguese companies representing different sizes and business sectors operating in Portugal and 94 employees from two companies. A quantitative study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis of the study. The findings show that 1) the rewards based on seniority systems are currently in disuse, unlike rewards systems based on job/position, performance and skills; 2) a combination of monetary and non-monetary rewards are the most valued by companies; 3) there is a predominance of variable compensation in reward systems of the companies as well as mixed incentives (individual and group); 4) there is a predominance of the short-term incentives in the reward system; 5) the annual bonus is the most common incentive; 6) the predominant benefit is the assignment of mobile phone and health insurance; 7) the satisfaction with the rewards system is lower in female employees; 8) the employee’s seniority is not related with the satisfaction of the rewards system; 9) the higher satisfaction with the rewards system is founded in the employees with higher educational qualifications; and 10) the satisfaction with the reward system seems equal in employees with more and less than 45 years of age. Theoretical and practical implications as well as and future research directions are discussed.
- Employer branding: the importance of retentionPublication . Silva, Susana; Calisto, InêsEmployer Branding is a new tool used in Human Resources Management which develops a corporate branding as well as creates an active relationship between the organization and the qualified candidates to recruit and retain. Nowadays, the organizations have to take special care in the retention of its employees. The retention of employees is a priority for the Human Resources Management, as it leads the businesses to achieve high levels of profitability and success. The main goal of this research is to understand how the organizations settled in Portugal retain their employees and what practices are used to do so. It is also important to realize if the organizations think that the retention of employees is indeed important, and if so, what is their vision on the subject and, if it is through the Employer Branding process that they can achieve higher rates of retention and satisfaction of their employees. For this study were analysed eleven companies in Portugal, from distinct business areas and different locations. The qualitative methodology was used and the main technique of data collection was the semi-structured interviews. Altogether, eleven interviews were held to the responsible for Human Resources of each organization, or one of the department's employees who were linked to people management. The final results of this investigation suggest that the process of Employer Branding begins to gain ground in human resource management and that the companies in Portugal are concerned with the retention of its employees, using different practices and sometimes, creative strategies to achieve it.
- An empirical study on crowdsourcing innovation intermediariesPublication . Silva, Cândida; Ramos, IsabelInnovation is recognized by academics and practitioners as essential to enhance the competitiveness of organizations and foster their growth. Globalization, the Internet and technologies developments, particu- larly of Web 2.0, and the proliferation of its use by society, have created new forms of communication and interaction between individuals. These individuals become more active in the global network, they stop being mere consumers of information to be also creators. Thus, innovation is increasingly beyond organizational boundaries. The development of Web 2.0, particularly its collaborative component, boost- ed the emergence of crowdsourcing phenomenon. This is essentially a social and organizational phenom- enon in several dimensions. Thus, the main objective of this project was to understand the phenomenon of crowdsourcing for innovation and realize how this can be a path to enhance innovation in organizations. Therefore, it was conducted an empirical study with companies that realize activities of crowdsourcing innovation, open innovation and intermediation of innovation and technology. From this study has emerged a model of knowledge for crowdsourcing innovation intermediaries, which are the main result of this work. The model integrates three components of value capture and creation that an innovation inter- mediary should have to enhance and improve organization innovation capacity: facilitate collaboration between organizations, linking the organization to the external environment, and enabling mediation ser- vices.
- Avaliação das intenções comportamentais num destino de fronteira: o caso da eurocidade Chaves - VerínPublication . Liberato, Pedro; Alén, Elisa; Liberato, DáliaO presente artigo pretende enfatizar a importância das regiões transfronteiriças como destinos turísticos, em virtude da aplicação de projetos dinamizados pela iniciativa dos diferentes stakeholders, gerando oportunidades de crescimento e desenvolvimento para estes territórios, baseadas na valorização dos recursos endógenos. O objetivo principal da investigação agora apresentada foi avaliar as intenções comportamentais dos turistas na região da Eurocidade Chaves – Verín, enquadrada numa região transfronteiriça, a designada Raia Seca da fronteira luso espanhola do Norte de Portugal e Galiza. Concretamente, pretende-se determinar se o perfil individual dos visitantes e turistas ou as características da viagem influenciam as suas intenções comportamentais relativamente ao destino.