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- Systematic overview of neuroanatomical differences in ADHD: Definitive evidencePublication . Vieira De Melo, Bruno; Trigueiro, Maria João; Rodrigues, Pedro PereiraObjectives: This article seeks to identify neuroanatomical differences in ADHD through an overview of systematic reviews that report encephalic differences compared to a control group in volume, area, activation likelihood or chemical composition. Methods: We conducted a systematic search using Cochrane guidelines and PRISMA criteria in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects. Results: Results revealed broad encephalic involvement that includes a functional frontal and cingulate hypoactivation and structural differences in corpus callosum, cerebellum and basal nuclei. Conclusions: ADHD symptoms might be due to a multi-network unbalanced functioning hypothesis.
- Critical review of multisensory integration programs and proposal of a theoretical framework for its combination with neurocognitive trainingPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Peixoto, Bruno; Vieira De Melo, Bruno; Barbosa, FernandoThe main purpose of this manuscript is to critically review the Multisensory Integration (MI) training programs applied to older adults, their characteristics, target sensory systems, efficacy, assessment methods, and results. We also intend to propose an integrated framework to support combined interventions of neurocognitive and sensory training. A critical review was conducted covering the most relevant literature on the MI training programs applied to older adults. Two MI training programs applied to cognitively healthy older adults were found: (a) audio-visual temporal discrimination training and (b) simultaneity judgment training. Both led to the improvement of the MI between pre- and post-training. However, only the audio-visual temporal discrimination training led to the generalization of the improvements to another MI task. Considering the relationship between sensory and cognitive functioning, this review supports the potential advantages of combining MI with neurocognitive training in the rehabilitation of older adults. We suggested that this can be achieved within the framework of Branched Programmed Neurocognitive Training (BPNT). Criteria for deciding the most suitable multisensory intervention, that is, MI or Multisensory Stimulation, and general guidelines for the development of MI intervention protocols with older adults with or without cognitive impairment are provided.
- Impact of VR-Based Cognitive Training on working memory and inhibitory control in IDD young adultsPublication . Trigueiro, Maria João; Lopes, Joana; Simões-Silva, Vítor; Melo, Bruno Bastos Vieira de; Almeida, Raquel Simões de; Marques, António; Trigueiro, Maria João; Simões-Silva, Vitor; Simões de Almeida, Raquel; Pereira da Silva Marques, António José; Bastos Vieira de Melo, BrunoYoung people with intellectual developmental disabilities have a persistent delay in the development of executive functions. Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used as a cognitive intervention tool, with significant effectiveness demonstrated in different types of populations. This pilot study aims to investigate the impact of a cognitive training program utilizing VR on young adults diagnosed with intellectual developmental disabilities (IDDs). The participants (N = 15) served as their own control group and were assessed three times: weeks 0, 8, and 16, with a rest period (0–8 weeks) and an intervention period (8–16 weeks). The assessments included measures of cognitive function provided by E-Prime® (Version 3). Overall, an improvement in working memory and inhibitory control was found after the intervention, but not in sustained attention. These findings suggest that VR-based cognitive training holds promise as an effective intervention for enhancing cognitive abilities in young adults with intellectual developmental disabilities. This study provides a foundation for future investigations into VR’s role in cognitive rehabilitation and its potential to support daily living skills and overall quality of life for individuals with IDDs. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and broader applicability of VR interventions.