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- Repeatability and temporal consistency of lower limb biomechanical variables expressing interlimb coordination during the double-support phase in people with and without stroke sequelaePublication . Couto, Ana G. B.; Vaz, Mário A. P.; Pinho, Liliana; Félix, José; Moreira, Juliana; Pinho, Francisco; Mesquita, Inês Albuquerque; Mesquita Montes, António; Crasto, Carlos; Sousa, AndreiaReliable biomechanical methods to assess interlimb coordination during the double-support phase in post-stroke subjects are needed for assessing movement dysfunction and related variability. The data obtained could provide a significant contribution for designing rehabilitation programs and for their monitorisation. The present study aimed to determine the minimum number of gait cycles needed to obtain adequate values of repeatability and temporal consistency of lower limb kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic parameters during the double support of walking in people with and without stroke sequelae. Eleven post-stroke and thirteen healthy participants performed 20 gait trials at self-selected speed in two separate moments with an interval between 72 h and 7 days. The joint position, the external mechanical work on the centre of mass, and the surface electromyographic activity of the tibialis anterior, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus muscles were extracted for analysis. Both the contralesional and ipsilesional and dominant and non-dominant limbs of participants with and without stroke sequelae, respectively, were evaluated either in trailing or leading positions. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used for assessing intra-session and inter-session consistency analysis. For most of the kinematic and the kinetic variables studied in each session, two to three trials were required for both groups, limbs, and positions. The electromyographic variables presented higher variability, requiring, therefore, a number of trials ranging from 2 to >10. Globally, the number of trials required inter-session ranged from 1 to >10 for kinematic, from 1 to 9 for kinetic, and 1 to >10 for electromyographic variables. Thus, for the double support analysis, three gait trials were required in order to assess the kinematic and kinetic variables in cross-sectional studies, while for longitudinal studies, a higher number of trials (>10) were required for kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic variables.
- Rehabilitation outcomes and parameters of blood flow restriction training in ACL injury: a scoping reviewPublication . Caetano, Daniel; Oliveira, Catarina; Correia, Cristiana; Barbosa, Pedro; Mesquita Montes, António; Carvalho, PauloTo identify the outcomes of physical function, physical fitness, training, and cuff parameters, used in BFRT in ACL rehabilitation. This scoping review was initiated on April 25th, 2020, according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Relevant literature was identified searching three main concepts: BFRT, rehabilitation and ACL injury on MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL of Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PEDro. Studies looking at adults with a primary ACL injury undergoing conservative or pre/post-surgery rehabilitation with BFR or BFRT, with physical fitness and physical function as outcomes or other physical outcomes were included. Sixty-eight articles were identified and six were included. One article was added through backward tracking. All studies used BFRT in the ACL injury surgical rehabilitation. Most studies evaluated physical fitness (muscular strength and volume) however, physical function was not considered a pri mary outcome. Training and cuff parameters were heterogeneously prescribed. The existing evidence is not enough to draw definitive conclusions due to the heterogenous reported outcomes and parameters. Future investigation with standardized outcome measures and specific protocols are needed to draw conclusions on patients’ physical function, so BFRT can be used more effectively in clinical rehabilitation practice.
- Envelhecimento ativo e saudável: resultado-piloto do programa de intervenção “VintAGEING+Felizes”Publication . Silva, Cristiane Pavanello Rodrigues; Simões, Daniela; Pinheiro, Ana Rita Vieira; Martins, Tânia Daniela; Mesquita Montes, António; Silva, José Manuel; Silva, MafaldaAções de prevenção e de manutenção da saúde do idoso, na sua comunidade e no seu domicílio, devem ser resultado de um esforço de parcerias públicas e/ou privadas, academia e serviço. O programa intitulado, VintANGEING+Felizes, tem como finalidade realizar um trabalho multidisciplinar de intervenção comunitária, disponibilizando o conhecimento científico e contribuindo para o cumprimento das diretrizes e das políticas deatenção pública à saúde do idoso, na direção do envelhecimento ativo e saudável.
- The influence of upper limb lever in muscle activity of scapular stabilizers in push-up position on the wallPublication . Carvalho, Paulo; Mesquita Montes, António; Crasto, Carlos; Barbosa, Pedro; Peres, PatríciaThe push-up has been extensively studied regarding scapular stabilizers. However, certain variations of push-up position still need further study. To analyze the influence of different levers of the upper limb - hands and forearms support - in muscle activity of scapular stabilizers in push-up position on the wall, as well as to analyze the electromyographic differences between protraction and retraction phases of the scapulas.
- Reference values for the 1-minute sit-to-stand and 5 times sit-to-stand tests to assess functional capacity: a cross-sectional studyPublication . Vilarinho, Rui; Mesquita Montes, António; Noites, Andreia; Silva, Fátima; Melo, CristinaTo establish age-specific and sex-specific reference values and equations for the 1-minute sit-to-stand (1MSTS) and 5 times sit-to-stand (5TSTS) tests for Portuguese adults. Cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics were explored to compute reference values and reference equations were established with a forward stepwise multiple regression. Community. In total, 546 adult volunteers without disabilities [age range 18 to 95 years; 58% female] were recruited. Data on age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and physical activity were collected using a structured questionnaire developed specifically for this study. Participants performed three repetitions of the 1MSTS and 5TSTS and the best repetition was used for analysis. Normative values were provided by sex for each age decade. Reference equations were: 1MSTS= 61.53 – (0.34 x age) – (3.57 x sex) – (0.33 x BMI), r2=26%; and 5TSTS=3.89 + (0.10 x age) - (0.96 x physical activity), r2=27%. The proposed reference values and equations will help to interpret the results of functional capacity obtained from healthy or diseased adult populations.
- Intersegmentar orientation between trunk and lower limbs in individuals after stroke: a pilot studyPublication . Ferreira, Rosália; Calvário, Helena; Mesquita Montes, António; Pinheiro, Ana RitaPostural control, which involves stability and intersegmental orientation against gravity, is considered a prerequisite for movement to occur efficiently and in different contexts [1]. After central nervous system damage, individuals tend to demonstrate motor impairments, which can affect their functional ability in different activities, such as standing and walking [2]. These altered motor behaviours restrict voluntary, well-coordinated and effective movements, which in turn limit a person’s ability to perform everyday tasks [2]. Therefore, this study aimed at analysing the correlation between the orientation of the trunk and lower limbs of individuals after stroke during standing.
- Different cleat models do not influence side hop test performance of soccer players with and without chronic ankle instabilityPublication . Silva, Diogo C. F.; Santos, Rubim; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo; Macedo, Rui; Mesquita Montes, António; Sousa, Andreia S. P.The lateral ankle sprain is one of the most common sport injury, representing 10-30% of all musculoskeletal disorders. The lateral ankle sprain is induced by sport gestures involving changes of direction and landing manoeuvres and constitutes a risk factor for the occurrence of chronic ankle instability. Although cleat models and performance have been already explored, no study has evaluated this relationship in athletes with chronic ankle instability. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyse the influence of different soccer cleat models on Side Hop Test performance of athletes with and without chronic ankle instability. Thirty-nine athletes were divided into two groups, a chronic ankle instability group (n = 20) and a healthy group (n = 19). Each participant performed the Side Hop Test, executing 10 consecutive jumps on dry artificial grass with 4 cleat models. The Qualisys System and two force platforms were used to analyse the test runtime, the distance travelled and the mean velocity. No statistically significant interaction was observed between the group and the cleat model for all variables evaluated. In addition, no differences were observed between models or groups. In this specific test, performance does not seem to be influenced by different cleat models on dry artificial grass in athletes with and without chronic ankle instability.
- Forward trunk lean with arm support affects the activity of accessory respiratory muscles and thoracoabdominal movement in healthy individualsPublication . Mesquita Montes, António; Tam, Carolina; Crasto, Carlos; Melo, Cristina; Carvalho, Paulo; Santos, Rita; Vilarinho, Rui; Vilas-Boas, João PauloDespite the reported benefits of postures involving leaning the trunk forward with arm support for relieving dyspnea, how those postures influence the mechanics of breathing remains unclear. In response, the aim of the study reported here was to evaluate how posture (i.e., standing and sitting) and leaning the trunk forward with arm support affect the activity of accessory respiratory muscles and thoracoabdominal movement in healthy individuals. Thirty-five volunteers (15 males and 20 females) aged 18-29 years breathed with the same rhythm in standing and sitting positions while upright and while leaning the trunk forward with arm support. Surface electromyography was performed to assess the activity of accessory inspiratory (i.e., during inspiration) and abdominal (i.e., during inspiration and expiration) muscles, and a motion capture system was used to assess thoracoabdominal movement. Results revealed that upper trapezius activity was significantly lower in forward-leaning postures than in upright ones (P = 005; ηp2 = 0.311), although the activity of the sternocleidomastoideus and scalenus (P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.427-0.529), along with the anterior-to-posterior movement of the upper ribcage (P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.546), were significantly greater in forward-leaning postures than in upright ones. The activity of the external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique was significantly lower in sitting than in standing postures (P < 0.050; ηp2 = 0.206-0.641), and though the activity of the transversus abdominis/internal oblique was significantly lower in forward-leaning than in upright postures (P ≤ 0.001; ηp2 = 0.330-0.541), a significantly greater anterior-to-posterior movement of the abdomen was observed (P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.662). However, the magnitude of the lower ribcage's medial-to-lateral movement was significantly lower in forward-leaning than in upright postures (P = 0.039; ηp2 = 0.149). Leaning the trunk forward with arm support not only increased the use of accessory inspiratory muscles but also decreased the use of the transversus abdominis/internal oblique, which improved thoracoabdominal movement.
- Influência do tipo de chuteira na prevenção de entorse lateral do tornozelo em atletas com e sem instabilidade crónicaPublication . Moreira, Micael; Diogo, Silva; Macedo, Rui; Sousa, Andreia; Mesquita Montes, António; Santos, RubimA entorse lateral do tornozelo (ELT) é a lesão com maior incidência no futebol, sendo que 40 a 70% dessas lesões cápsulo-ligamentares ocasionam instabilidade crónica do tornozelo (ICT). A crescente implementação de relvados sintéticos, associado à variabilidade de chuteiras disponíveis, realça a interação chuteira-piso como possível fator de risco de ELT. Como objetivo do estudo pretendeu-se avaliar a influência do tipo de chuteira na prevenção de ELT em relvado sintético em atletas com e sem Instabilidade crónica do tornozelo (ICT). Estudo experimental com desenho intra-sujeitos numa amostra de vinte e um atletas federados, alocando-se os mesmos em dois grupos: sem (n=12) e com ICT (n=9). O teste funcional utilizado consistiu numa adaptação do 6 meter cross-over test, reduzindo o seu comprimento para 2 metros (5 saltos) e estabelecendo-se uma distância mínima ântero-posterior e médio lateral de 40 e 15 cm, respetivamente.
- The effect of inspiratory and expiratory loads on abdominal muscle activity during breathing in subjects “at risk” for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthyPublication . Mesquita Montes, António; Crasto, Carlos; Melo, Cristina; Santos, Rita; Pereira, Susana; Vilas-Boas, João PauloThe abdominal muscle activity has been shown to be variable in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when respiratory demand increases and their recruitment pattern may change the mechanics, as well as the work and cost of breathing. The scientific evidence in subjects "at risk" for the development of COPD may be important to understand the natural history of this disease. This study aims to evaluate the effect of inspiratory and expiratory loads on the abdominal muscle activity during breathing in subjects "at risk" for the development of COPD and healthy. Thirty-one volunteers, divided in "At Risk" for COPD (n=17; 47.71±5.11years) and Healthy (n=14; 48.21±6.87years) groups, breathed at the same rhythm without load and with 10% of the maximal inspiratory or expiratory pressures, in standing. Surface electromyography was performed to assess the activation intensity of rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO) muscles, during inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, in "At Risk" for COPD group, RA muscle activation was higher with loaded expiration (p=0.016); however, in Healthy group it was observed a higher activation of external oblique and TrA/IO muscles (p<0.050). During expiration, while in "At Risk" for COPD group, RA muscle activation was higher with loaded inspiration (p=0.009), in Healthy group TrA/IO muscle showed a higher activation (p=0.025). Subjects "at risk" for the development of COPD seemed to have a specific recruitment of the superficial layer of ventrolateral abdominal wall for the mechanics of breathing.