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- Rehabilitation outcomes and parameters of blood flow restriction training in ACL injury: a scoping reviewPublication . Caetano, Daniel; Oliveira, Catarina; Correia, Cristiana; Barbosa, Pedro; Mesquita Montes, António; Carvalho, PauloTo identify the outcomes of physical function, physical fitness, training, and cuff parameters, used in BFRT in ACL rehabilitation. This scoping review was initiated on April 25th, 2020, according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Relevant literature was identified searching three main concepts: BFRT, rehabilitation and ACL injury on MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL of Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PEDro. Studies looking at adults with a primary ACL injury undergoing conservative or pre/post-surgery rehabilitation with BFR or BFRT, with physical fitness and physical function as outcomes or other physical outcomes were included. Sixty-eight articles were identified and six were included. One article was added through backward tracking. All studies used BFRT in the ACL injury surgical rehabilitation. Most studies evaluated physical fitness (muscular strength and volume) however, physical function was not considered a pri mary outcome. Training and cuff parameters were heterogeneously prescribed. The existing evidence is not enough to draw definitive conclusions due to the heterogenous reported outcomes and parameters. Future investigation with standardized outcome measures and specific protocols are needed to draw conclusions on patients’ physical function, so BFRT can be used more effectively in clinical rehabilitation practice.
- The influence of upper limb lever in muscle activity of scapular stabilizers in push-up position on the wallPublication . Carvalho, Paulo; Mesquita Montes, António; Crasto, Carlos; Barbosa, Pedro; Peres, PatríciaThe push-up has been extensively studied regarding scapular stabilizers. However, certain variations of push-up position still need further study. To analyze the influence of different levers of the upper limb - hands and forearms support - in muscle activity of scapular stabilizers in push-up position on the wall, as well as to analyze the electromyographic differences between protraction and retraction phases of the scapulas.
- Forward trunk lean with arm support affects the activity of accessory respiratory muscles and thoracoabdominal movement in healthy individualsPublication . Mesquita Montes, António; Tam, Carolina; Crasto, Carlos; Melo, Cristina; Carvalho, Paulo; Santos, Rita; Vilarinho, Rui; Vilas-Boas, João PauloDespite the reported benefits of postures involving leaning the trunk forward with arm support for relieving dyspnea, how those postures influence the mechanics of breathing remains unclear. In response, the aim of the study reported here was to evaluate how posture (i.e., standing and sitting) and leaning the trunk forward with arm support affect the activity of accessory respiratory muscles and thoracoabdominal movement in healthy individuals. Thirty-five volunteers (15 males and 20 females) aged 18-29 years breathed with the same rhythm in standing and sitting positions while upright and while leaning the trunk forward with arm support. Surface electromyography was performed to assess the activity of accessory inspiratory (i.e., during inspiration) and abdominal (i.e., during inspiration and expiration) muscles, and a motion capture system was used to assess thoracoabdominal movement. Results revealed that upper trapezius activity was significantly lower in forward-leaning postures than in upright ones (P = 005; ηp2 = 0.311), although the activity of the sternocleidomastoideus and scalenus (P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.427-0.529), along with the anterior-to-posterior movement of the upper ribcage (P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.546), were significantly greater in forward-leaning postures than in upright ones. The activity of the external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique was significantly lower in sitting than in standing postures (P < 0.050; ηp2 = 0.206-0.641), and though the activity of the transversus abdominis/internal oblique was significantly lower in forward-leaning than in upright postures (P ≤ 0.001; ηp2 = 0.330-0.541), a significantly greater anterior-to-posterior movement of the abdomen was observed (P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.662). However, the magnitude of the lower ribcage's medial-to-lateral movement was significantly lower in forward-leaning than in upright postures (P = 0.039; ηp2 = 0.149). Leaning the trunk forward with arm support not only increased the use of accessory inspiratory muscles but also decreased the use of the transversus abdominis/internal oblique, which improved thoracoabdominal movement.
- Pressure biofeedback unit to assess and train lumbopelvic stability in supine individuals with chronic low back painPublication . Crasto, Carlos Filipe Barbosa; Mesquita Montes, António; Carvalho, Paulo; Carral, José Maria CancelaTo determine if pressure biofeedback unit readings are related to abdominal muscle activation and centre of pressure displacement as well as to test the effects of using it as a biofeedback tool to control lumbopelvic motion. Eighteen volunteers with chronic nonspecific low back pain (21.28 ± 1.41 years old) who performed an active straight leg raising (dynamic postural challenge) with and without pressure biofeedback. Changes in the pressure biofeedback unit and on centre of pressure displacement were assessed, as well as bilateral electromyographic abdominal muscle activity. Participants were not allowed to use a Valsalva manoeuvre. Pressure variation was not significantly correlated with abdominal muscle activity or with mediolateral centre of pressure displacement. When used as a biofeedback instrument, there was a significant increase in almost all abdominal muscles activity as well as a significant decrease in pressure variation and in mediolateral centre of pressure displacement while performing an active straight leg raising with a normal breathing pattern. Despite not being an indicator of abdominal muscle activity or mediolateral load transfer in the supine position, the pressure biofeedback unit could have great relevance when used in the clinic for biofeedback purposes in individuals with low back pain.
- Abdominal muscle activity and pelvic motion according to active straight leg raising test results in adults with and without chronic low back painPublication . Castro, Carlos; Mesquita Montes, António; Carvalho, Paulo; Cancela Carral, JM.Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR) is a clinical test that challenges lumbopelvic stability and have been used in low back pain patients. There are reports of positive tests in asymptomatic individuals, however, it is not clear if they are false positives or a consequence of performing the test differently.
- Abdominal muscle activity during breathing in different postures in COPD “Stage 0” and healthy subjectsPublication . Mesquita Montes, António; Maia, Joana; Crasto, Carlos; Melo, Cristina; Carvalho, Paulo; Santos, Rita; Pereira, Susana; Vilas-Boas, João PauloThis study aims to evaluate the effect of different postures on the abdominal muscle activity during breathing in subjects "at risk" for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy. Twenty-nine volunteers, divided in "At Risk" for COPD (n=16; 47.38±5.08years) and Healthy (n=13; 47.54±6.65years) groups, breathed at the same rhythm in supine, standing, tripod and 4-point-kneeling positions. Surface electromyography was performed to assess the activation intensity of rectus abdominis, external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO) muscles, during inspiration and expiration. From supine to standing, an increased activation of all abdominal muscles was observed in "At Risk" for COPD group; however, in Healthy group, TrA/IO muscle showed an increased activation. In both groups, the TrA/IO muscle activation in tripod and 4-point kneeling positions was higher than in supine and lower than in standing. Subjects "at risk" for the development of COPD seemed to have a specific recruitment of the superficial layer of ventrolateral abdominal wall for the synchronization of postural function and mechanics of breathing.
- Avaliação da função muscular do ombro, em jogadores de voleibol, com e sem dorPublication . Teixeira, Marta; Mesquita Montes, António; Carvalho, Paulo; Santos, Rubim; Moreira, CamiloIntrodução: A sequência de activação e a actividade muscular, são importantes na coordenação do movimento da omoplata com a elevação do úmero. Objectivos: Avaliar sequência de activação, actividade e força de músculos do ombro comparando jogadores com/sem dor. Metodologia: Amostra de 15 atletas (7 - grupo experimental; 8 - grupo controlo). Avaliou-se electromiograficamente o Deltóide Anterior, Grande Peitoral, Trapézio Superior, Trapézio Inferior e Infra- Espinhoso na diagonal do Isocinético (90°/s; 180°/s). Resultados: Encontraram-se diferenças na sequência e tempos de activação; não havendo diferenças na actividade, peak torque e rácio antagonistas/agonistas. Conclusão: A dor crónica afectou sequência e tempos de activação muscular.
- Abdominal muscle activity during breathing in different postural sets in healthy subjectsPublication . Mesquita Montes, António; Gouveia, Sara; Crasto, Carlos; Melo, Cristina; Carvalho, Paulo; Santos, Rita; Vilas-Boas, João PauloThis study aims to evaluate the effect of different postural sets on abdominal muscle activity during breathing in healthy subjects. Twenty-nine higher education students (20.86 ± 1.48 years; 9 males) breathed at the same rhythm (inspiration: 2 s; expiration: 4 s) in supine, standing, tripod and 4-point-kneeling positions. Surface electromyography was performed to assess the activation intensity of rectus abdominis, external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique muscles during inspiration and expiration. During both breathing phases, the activation intensity of external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique was significantly higher in standing when compared to supine (p ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were found between tripod position and 4-point-kneeling positions. Transversus abdominis/internal oblique activation intensity in these positions was higher than in supine and lower than in standing. Postural load and gravitational stretch are factors that should be considered in relation to the specific recruitment of abdominal muscles for breathing mechanics.
- Immediate effects of suboccipital myofascial induction on postural stability: a pilot studyPublication . Pinheiro, Ana Rita; Faria, Ana; Mesquita Montes, António; Crasto, Carlos; Silva, Cláudia; Carvalho, Paulo; Santos, Rubim; Cunha, ChristineStanding is a constant postural challenge due to high position of the center of mass regarding the small size of base of support. Somatosensory, vestibular and visual inputs are crucial to preserve the upright orientation and stability]
- Padrão de recrutamento e tempos de pré-activação muscular em indivíduos dos géneros masculino e feminino no "Landing"Publication . Mesquita Montes, António; Moreira, Camilo; Santos, Rubim; Carvalho, PauloInvestigar estratégias ativas de controlo neuromotor do joelho (padrão de recrutamento e tempo de pré-ativação muscular) entre géneros, no “landing”. 7 indivíduos do género masculino (Grupo I) e 14 indivíduos de género feminino (Grupo II), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 28 anos, realizaram um protocolo de “landing” unipodal, de uma plataforma de 32 cm. Foi avaliada por eletromiografia de superfície – sistema Biopac, MP100 Workstation, e software de apoio Acqknoeledge ® -3.9, a atividade muscular do Recto Femoral, Vasto Medial, Vasto Lateral, Bícipite Femoral e Gémeo Medial. O Recto Femoral exibiu um tempo de pré-ativação maior no Grupo II, em relação ao Grupo I (p˂0,05). Comparado ao compartimento lateral (vasto lateral e bicípite femoral), o vasto medial expôs um tempo de pré-ativação maior no Grupo I (p˂0,05). No “landing” os géneros masculino e feminino possuem diferenças nas estratégias ativas de controlo neuromotor do joelho (padrão e recrutamento e tempo de pré-ativação), que podem explicar uma maior incidência de lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior no género feminino.