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- Business Sustainability 2.0Publication . Putnik, Goran; Ávila, PauloThis book presents the collection of fifty papers which were presented in the Second International Conference on BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY 2011 - Management, Technology and Learning for Individuals, Organisations and Society in Turbulent Environments , held in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, from 22ndto 24thof June, 2011.The main motive of the meeting was growing awareness of the importance of the sustainability issue. This importance had emerged from the growing uncertainty of the market behaviour that leads to the characterization of the market, i.e. environment, as turbulent. Actually, the characterization of the environment as uncertain and turbulent reflects the fact that the traditional technocratic and/or socio-technical approaches cannot effectively and efficiently lead with the present situation. In other words, the rise of the sustainability issue means the quest for new instruments to deal with uncertainty and/or turbulence. The sustainability issue has a complex nature and solutions are sought in a wide range of domains and instruments to achieve and manage it. The domains range from environmental sustainability (referring to natural environment) through organisational and business sustainability towards social sustainability. Concerning the instruments for sustainability, they range from traditional engineering and management methodologies towards “soft” instruments such as knowledge, learning, and creativity. The papers in this book address virtually whole sustainability problems space in a greater or lesser extent. However, although the uncertainty and/or turbulence, or in other words the dynamic properties, come from coupling of management, technology, learning, individuals, organisations and society, meaning that everything is at the same time effect and cause, we wanted to put the emphasis on business with the intention to address primarily companies and their businesses. Due to this reason, the main title of the book is “Business Sustainability 2.0” but with the approach of coupling Management, Technology and Learning for individuals, organisations and society in Turbulent Environments. Also, the notation“2.0” is to promote the publication as a step further from our previous publication – “Business Sustainability I” – as would be for a new version of software. Concerning the Second International Conference on BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY, its particularity was that it had served primarily as a learning environment in which the papers published in this book were the ground for further individual and collective growth in understanding and perception of sustainability and capacity for building new instruments for business sustainability. In that respect, the methodology of the conference work was basically dialogical, meaning promoting dialog on the papers, but also including formal paper presentations. In this way, the conference presented a rich space for satisfying different authors’ and participants’ needs. Additionally, promoting the widest and global learning environment and participation, in accordance with the Conference's assumed mission to promote Proactive Generative Collaborative Learning, the Conference Organisation shares/puts open to the community the papers presented in this book, as well as the papers presented on the previous Conference(s). These papers can be accessed from the conference webpage (http://labve.dps.uminho.pt/bs11). In these terms, this book could also be understood as a complementary instrument to the Conference authors’ and participants’, but also to the wider readerships’ interested in the sustainability issues. The book brought together 107 authors from 11 countries, namely from Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Serbia, Switzerland, and United States of America. The authors “ranged” from senior and renowned scientists to young researchers providing a rich and learning environment. At the end, the editors hope, and would like, that this book to be useful, meeting the expectation of the authors and wider readership and serving for enhancing the individual and collective learning, and to incentive further scientific development and creation of new papers. Also, the editors would use this opportunity to announce the intention to continue with new editions of the conference and subsequent editions of accompanying books on the subject of BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY, the third of which is planned for year 2013.
- Business Sustainability IPublication . Putnik, Goran; Ávila, PauloThis book presents the collection of fifty two papers which were presented on the First International Conference on BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY ’08 - Management, Technology and Learning for Individuals, Organisations and Society in Turbulent Environments, held in Ofir, Portugal, from 25th to 27th of June, 2008. The main motive of the meeting was the growing awareness of the importance of the sustainability issue. This importance had emerged from the growing uncertainty of the market behaviour that leads to the characterization of the market, i.e. environment, as turbulent. Actually, the characterization of the environment as uncertain and turbulent reflects the fact that the traditional technocratic and/or socio-technical approaches cannot effectively and efficiently lead with the present situation. In other words, the rise of the sustainability issue means the quest for new instruments to deal with uncertainty and/or turbulence. The sustainability issue has a complex nature and solutions are sought in a wide range of domains and instruments to achieve and manage it. The domains range from environmental sustainability (referring to natural environment) through organisational and business sustainability towards social sustainability. Concerning the instruments for sustainability, they range from traditional engineering and management methodologies towards “soft” instruments such as knowledge, learning, creativity. The papers in this book address virtually whole sustainability problems space in a greater or lesser extent. However, although the uncertainty and/or turbulence, or in other words the dynamic properties, come from coupling of management, technology, learning, individuals, organisations and society, meaning that everything is at the same time effect and cause, we wanted to put the emphasis on business with the intention to address primarily the companies and their businesses. From this reason, the main title of the book is “Business Sustainability” but with the approach of coupling Management, Technology and Learning for individuals, organisations and society in Turbulent Environments. Concerning the First International Conference on BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY, its particularity was that it had served primarily as a learning environment in which the papers published in this book were the ground for further individual and collective growth in understanding and perception of sustainability and capacity for building new instruments for business sustainability. In that respect, the methodology of the conference work was basically dialogical, meaning promoting dialog on the papers, but also including formal paper presentations. In this way, the conference presented a rich space for satisfying different authors’ and participants’ needs. Additionally, promoting the widest and global learning environment and participativeness, the Conference Organisation provided the broadcasting over Internet of the Conference sessions, dialogical and formal presentations, for all authors’ and participants’ institutions, as an innovative Conference feature. In these terms, this book could also be understood as a complementary instrument to the Conference authors’ and participants’, but also to the wider readerships’ interested in the sustainability issues. The book brought together 97 authors from 10 countries, namely from Australia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Sweden and United Kingdom. The authors “ranged” from senior and renowned scientists to young researchers providing a rich and learning environment. At the end, the editors hope and would like that this book will be useful, meeting the expectation of the authors and wider readership and serving for enhancing the individual and collective learning, and to incentive further scientific development and creation of new papers. Also, the editors would use this opportunity to announce the intention to continue with new editions of the conference and subsequent editions of accompanying books on the subject of BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY, the second of which is planned for year 2011.
- Reliability of Replicated Distributed Control Systems Applications Based on IEC 61499Publication . Santos, Adriano A; Silva, A. Ferreira da; Magalhães, António; de Sousa, MárioThe use of industrial and domestic equipment is increasingly dependent on computerized control systems. This evolution awakens in the users the feeling of reliability of the equipment, which is not always achieved. However, system designers implement fault-tolerance methodologies and attributes to eliminate faults or any error in the system. Industrially, the increase in system reliability is achieved by the redundancy of control systems based on the replication of conventional and centralized programmable logic controllers. In distributed systems, reliability is achieved by replicating and distributing the most critical elements, leaving a single copy of the remaining components. On the other hand, given the nature of the distributed systems, it will also be necessary to ensure that the data set received by each of the replicas has the same order. Thus, any change in the order and data set received will result in different results, in each of the replicas, which may manifest in erroneous behavior. In this paper, the interactions and the erroneous behavior of the replicas are explained, depending on the data set received, in a fault tolerant distributed system. Its tendency, behavior and possible influences on reliability are presented, considering the failure rate and availability based on the mean time to failure.
- Simulation of Cyber-Physical Intelligent Mechatronic Component Behavior Using Timed Automata ApproachPublication . Santos, Adriano A; Silva, A. Ferreira da; Pereira, FilipeThis article presents a new approach for the simulation of Cyber-Physical Intelligent Mechatronics Components using process evolution based on the timed approach. The purpose of this article is to address the issue of implementing the Intelligent Mechatronics Components control from the bench point of view and its simulation considering a virtual system composed of a single programmable logic controller and a touchscreen. For this, we intend to develop a systematic approach that allows modeling physical cybernetic systems based on timed automata. The proposed methodology makes it possible to define, in a systematic way, the formalisms and tools to model the controller and the respective plant. These global models can be used to simulate and validate systems based on development tools like UPPAAL software, so the proposed approach intends to systematically define their development. To present and explain the proposed methodology, a Modular Production System was used to distribute objects as a physical element. A virtual platform based on the Simatic TIA Portal was developed to monitor and validate the methodology.
- Truz, truz: o digital bate à porta da investigação em educaçãoPublication . Duarte, Marina; Nobre, Ana; Mouraz, AnaApresenta-se o foco do livro e resumem-se os objetivos de cada um dos seus capítulos.
- Perspetivar condições promotoras da autonomia na aprendizagem no ensino superiorPublication . Duarte, MarinaNa viragem do século XXI, a Europa procurava fatores diferenciadores na economia global, apostando no conhecimento como meio para se tornar mais competitiva. Isso conduziu ao Processo de Bolonha, à criação do Espaço Europeu de Ensino Superior e à consciencialização da necessidade de uma mudança de paradigma educativo, que deixaria de estar centrado no ensino para passar a estar centrado na aprendizagem e no estudante. Isso requeria uma maior responsabilização do estudante, enfatizando a importância da autonomia na aprendizagem, não só como uma competência a desenvolver, mas também como meio para atingir uma aprendizagem eficaz, e preparar os estudantes para fazerem frente aos desafios da sociedade atual, em constante e rápida mudança, tornando-os cidadãos ativos, responsáveis e comprometidos. Reconhecendo que este é um processo que se tem revelado longo e de difícil concretização, e que os estudantes têm de ser parte integrante desta mudança, com este estudo procuram-se perspetivar condições promotoras da autonomia na aprendizagem dos estudantes a partir de sentidos e finalidades que estes lhes atribuem. Para isso, recorreram-se a entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise de conteúdo, podendo-se concluir que estes estudantes têm um entendimento implícito das condições necessárias para uma aprendizagem com autonomia mais efetiva, percebendo-se, várias esferas de ação tempo/espaço que se podem configurar como promotoras da autonomia, emergindo a instituição de ensino superior como um espaço privilegiado, com potencial para a criação de um contexto de oportunidades e incentivos.
- Portas que o digital abriu na investigação em educaçãoPublication . Mouraz, Ana; Duarte, Marina; Nobre, AnaEste capítulo apresenta as conclusões do livro, partindo das questões éticas e técnicas que o digital coloca à Investigação em Educação e prosseguindo com os efeitos, não só na própria investigação, mas também no perfil do investigador. E porque o contexto atual o impõe, o capítulo termina com uma reflexão sobre a "digitalização forçada” dos processos investigativos, provocada pelos sucessivos confinamentos e restrições à circulação decorrentes da pandemia.
- Ensino a distância – Perceções de estudantes de engenhariaPublication . Monteiro, Fátima; Duarte, Marina; Leite, CarlindaO capítulo relata um estudo sobre o ajustamento dos estudantes de engenharia à transição brusca do ensino presencial para o ensino mediado por computador por ocasião do estado de emergência e confinamento em 2020 e 2021.
- A Model for the Multi-depot Online Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft DeadlinesPublication . Silva, Álvaro; Ferreira, Luís Pinto; Pereira, Maria Teresa; Neves-Moreira, FábioIn many companies in the automotive industry there are challenges in some key processes in their logistic departments, mainly in internal logistics. These challenges happen due to poorly defined rules for the transportation of goods, resulting in a great cost associated with the time lost in the process. Also, the optimization of these processes, incrementing the efficiency of internal logistics can bring competitive advantages to the companies. For that matter, this study was developed at a major tire manufacturing company and proposes a model for the optimization of in-bound logistics, viewed as an online vehicle routing problem with soft deadlines (OVRPSD), using multiple depots. The main goal of this study is the increase of efficiency in logistic, optimizing the number of vehicles to supply the machines in order to reduce the stopping time of machines due to the lack of tires to consume.
- Ergonomic Analysis in Lean Manufacturing and Industry 4.0—A Systematic ReviewPublication . Brito, Marlene; Gonçalves, Maria Antónia; Ramos, Ana Luísa; Carneiro, PaulaIn 2015, the UN defined well-being and decent work/economic growth as two of 17 sustainable development objectives. Nevertheless, the extreme pressure for businesses to be competitive in their markets of choice seems to be having a negative effect on workers’ well-being. In the manufacturing sector, the effective inclusion of Ergonomics in processes and installations has been proven to decrease costs related to disability, extra or overtime hours, medical care and premiums or fines for occurrences. The aim of this work was to review the existing scientific knowledge about the impact of adopting LPS (Lean Production Systems—a model used to increase competitiveness by the creation of more value for customers with fewer resources) in manufacturing companies from the point of view of Ergonomics. It reports, based on the literature reviewed, how the integration of both LPS and Ergonomics principles, from the workstation design phase onwards, can bring benefits to the workers’ welfare and simultaneously potentiate improvements in productivity. This paper also intends to present trends and opportunities for future research in this area, including in the Industry 4.0 field. In the authors’ opinion, this paper is a valuable contribution for practitioners, in manufacturing environments, and researchers.
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