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- Digital proficiency and educational needs of Portuguese radiation therapistsPublication . Barbosa, B.; Oliveira, C.; Couto, J. G.; Bravo, I.; Antunes, Luís; Fadden, S. Mc; Hughes, C.; McClure, P.; Dias, A. G.; Lopes Botelho Antunes, Luís JorgeAs radiotherapy (RT) becomes increasingly digitised, the digital skills (DS) proficiency of Therapeutic Radiographers/Radiation Therapists (RTTs) is essential for ensuring patient safety and quality care. This study is part of larger sequential multi-phase mixed-methods research; previous research by the same research team has shown that DS proficiency varies among European RTTs. The current study aimed to assess stakeholders' perceptions of proficiency, influencing factors, challenges, and strategies to bridge the digital gap in Portugal. A qualitative, hybrid (inductive and deductive), descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective design was used. Online focus group and individual interviews were performed with 16 Portuguese stakeholders (RTTs, managers, industry representatives, students, and educators), using an interview guide based on previous research. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed. Results: Seven themes were identified: proficiency levels, influencing factors, challenging areas, essential DS for practice, strategies for integration into education, concerns about technological evolution, and impact on RTTs' roles. The study underscores the critical need for DS proficiency among RTTs, emphasising gaps in specialised areas and multifaceted influencing factors. It stresses the urgency of improving RTTs' digital training across all educational stages. Adaptation and constant learning are imperative in radiotherapy's dynamic landscape, ensuring optimal patient care. Implications for practice: Addressing DS gaps is imperative for RTTs to ensure quality and safety of RT treatments. Essential strategies include DS integration and education adaptation and CPD. Recognizing concerns, such as job losses, highlights the need for a balanced technological approach. Patient-centred care remains paramount in guiding RTTs through evolving roles in the dynamic field of radiotherapy.
- Mutually enhanced mechanical and tribological properties in magnetron sputtered Mo2N/Ag-SiNx self-lubricating multilayered films via epitaxial growth designPublication . Fernandes, Filipe; Luan, Jing; Wang, Lei; Dong, Songtao; Choukourov, Andrei; Yang, Junfeng; Kalin, Mitjan; Cavaleiro, Albano; Ju, Hongbo; Vincenzini, P.Achieving simultaneous enhancement of both mechanical and self-lubricating properties by incorporating soft lubricants into nitride films has been a longstanding challenge in the development of solid lubricant materials. This paper introduced a novel approach to overcome this challenge by developing coherent-structured Mo2N/Ag-SiNx multilayered films using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The multilayer films were designed with a fixed modulation period of 30 nm, while the modulation ratio (γ) was varied from 1:9 to 1:1. The Mo2N layers exhibited a single fcc-Mo2N phase, while the Ag-SiNx layers formed a dual-phase structure comprising fcc-Ag nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous SiNx matrix. At a modulation ratio of 1:9, the Ag-SiNx layer epitaxially grew on the Mo2N template, resulting in a coherent structure. This coherent structure significantly enhanced both the hardness and elastic modulus, reaching approximately 36 GPa and 230 GPa, respectively. The improved wear resistance at room temperature can be attributed to the coherent strengthening effect, which not only elevated the film's hardness but also eliminated sharp interfaces between modulation layers, thereby reducing crack initiation sites. In temperature-cycling tribo-testing from room temperature to 600 °C, the film with a γ of 1:9 maintained a stable coefficient of friction around 0.2, except during the initial room temperature, where it was 0.4. The wear rate could not be accurately calculated due to the adhered tribolayer on the top of the wear track following the initial tribo-test at 600 °C. The excellent tribological properties across temperature cycles were attributed to the synergistic lubricant characteristics of both layers and the formation of self-lubricating tribo-phases. The optimized Mo2N/Ag-SiNx multilayered films provide an effective balance of lubrication and mechanical stability under extreme conditions, making them highly promising for high-performance engineering applications.
- Grupo Social Específico e Reconhecimento do Estatuto Internacional de Refugiado: o caso das mulheres afegãs no novo regime talibãPublication . Fátima Pacheco; Castro Tavares Monteiro Pacheco, Maria de FátimaA Diretiva (2011/95/EU) estabelece as condições que os requerentes de proteção internacional têm de preencher para dela usufruírem. Insere-se a mesma no SECA, contribuindo para estabelecer na Europa um Espaço de Liberdade, Segurança e Justiça, aberto aos nacionais de Estados terceiros que se encontrem forçados a procurar proteção na União. Assentando no respeito pela Convenção de Genebra relativa ao Estatuto de Refugiados de 1951, o SECA inclui medidas complementares para proteger pessoas em risco de sofrerem ofensas graves aos seus direitos mais fundamentais. Os pedidos de asilo são individualmente apreciados pelas autoridades do Estado onde o requerente se encontre, se o mesmo comprovar um fundado receio de sofrer atos de perseguição ou ameaças de perseguição, em função de um elenco apertado de motivos, caso regressem ao país de origem. Sendo certo que a concessão de tal proteção não é um processo fácil, apresenta-se um inovador acórdão do TJUE, (C-608/22 e C-609/22), que afirma que o cúmulo das medidas discriminatórias sofridas pelas mulheres afegãs constituem atos de perseguição, tornando-se suficiente o facto de serem mulheres e afegãs para beneficiarem do estatuto de refugiadas.
- Futurelaw, vol. VIPublication . Fábio da Silva Veiga; Patricia Anjos Azevedo; José de Campos AmorimA Diretiva (2011/95/EU) estabelece as condições que os requerentes de proteção internacional têm de preencher para dela usufruírem. Insere-se a mesma no SECA, contribuindo para estabelecer na Europa um Espaço de Liberdade, Segurança e Justiça, aberto aos nacionais de Estados terceiros que se encontrem forçados a procurar proteção na União. Assentando no respeito pela Convenção de Genebra relativa ao Estatuto de Refugiados de 1951, o SECA inclui medidas complementares para proteger pessoas em risco de sofrerem ofensas graves aos seus direitos mais fundamentais. Os pedidos de asilo são individualmente apreciados pelas autoridades do Estado onde o requerente se encontre, se o mesmo comprovar um fundado receio de sofrer atos de perseguição ou ameaças de perseguição, em função de um elenco apertado de motivos, caso regressem ao país de origem. Sendo certo que a concessão de tal proteção não é um processo fácil, apresenta-se um inovador acórdão do TJUE, (C-608/22 e C-609/22), que afirma que o cúmulo das medidas discriminatórias sofridas pelas mulheres afegãs 91constituem atos de perseguição, tornando-se suficiente o facto de serem mulheres e afegãs para beneficiarem do estatuto de refugiadas.
- Healthy and Safe Environments across Occupational and Environmental ContextsPublication . Carvalhais, Carlos Alberto Alves; Santos, Joana Carvalho dos; Pereira, Cristiana Maria Matos da Costa; Alberto Alves Carvalhais, Carlos; Santos, Joana; Carvalhais, Carlos Alberto Alves; Santos, Joana Carvalho dos; Pereira, Cristiana Maria Matos da CostaThis Reprint brings together contributions that address the complex interactions between occupational and environmental health, with the shared goal ofpromotingsafeandsustainable living and working conditions. Its scope spans diverse contexts, from industrial settings to community environments, highlighting bothtraditional hazards andemergingrisksthataffecthumanwell-being. The purpose of this Reprint is to provide readers with an integrated view of how scientific evidence can inform practice and policy in order to reduce exposures, prevent disease, and foster resilience. Motivated by the growing convergence of occupational and environmental challenges, the collection underscores the value of cross-disciplinary perspectives, innovative research, and applied solutions. The Reprint is intended for a broad audience, including researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who are engaged in public health, and environmental and occupational health and safety. It may also serve as a reference for educators and students seeking to understand the evolving landscape of risks and interventions in this field. By gathering these studies under a unified framework, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of how shared determinants of health can be addressed collectively, and to inspire newcollaborations that strengthen the link between evidence and action.
- Electromyographic assessment of agonist and antagonist muscles related to the anterior cruciate ligament following surgical reconstruction: A cross-sectional studyPublication . Paredes, Ricardo; Pereira, Soraia; Crasto, Carlos; Guedes, Diana; Montes, António Mesquita; Alves, Leonel; Arias-Buría, José L.; C. Guedes, Diana; Mesquita Montes, AntónioFollowing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), neuromuscular control alterations may persist, increasing the risk of reinjury. This study aimed to investigate electromyographic (EMG) muscle activation and the co-contraction index (CCI) of ACL-related agonist and antagonist muscles during side- hop tasks in ACLR individuals, offering novel insights into neuromuscular strategies during dynamic tasks. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 15 ACLR individuals and 15 participants without ACL injury (N-ACLR). Participants performed side-hop tasks while kinematic, kinetic, and EMG data were recorded during the preparatory and loading phases. Statistical analyses were performed at a 95 % confidence level. During ipsilateral side hops, ACLR individuals exhibited higher semitendinosus (ST) activity in the initial contact (IC) and risk phases and increased quadriceps:hamstrings (Q:H) CCI in the risk phase compared to N-ACLR (p < 0.05). In contralateral side hops, ACLR individuals demonstrated higher Q:H CCI in the preparatory phase and higher vastus lateralis:biceps femoris (VL:BF) CCI in the IC and risk phases (p < 0.05). ACLR individuals display altered neuromuscular strategies during side-hop tasks compared to N-ACLR, highlighting adaptations in muscle activation and co-contraction patterns.
- Enhancing pharmacy technician roles: Immunisation training program developmentPublication . Valeiro, Carolina; Silva, Vítor; Balteiro, Jorge; Patterson, Diane; Bezerra, Gilberto; Mealiff, Karen; Matos, Cristiano; Jesus, Ângelo; Joaquim, João; Jesus, ÂngeloPharmacy technicians (PTs) are increasingly involved in immunisation services, enhancing accessibility and reducing pharmacies’ workload by taking on supportive tasks and helping with vaccine administration. Expanding their responsibilities requires appropriate training to ensure competence and regulatory compliance. Design and develop a training programme that equips PTs with the knowledge and skills necessary to support immunisation services safely and effectively. Comparative analysis of nine immunisation training programmes for health professionals (3 specific for PTs). Programmes were identified through official education providers and professional associations across multiple countries. Data on training organiser (e.g., institution or regulatory body), structure, duration, content, delivery methods, and certification were extracted. A training program totalling 8-10 hours was developed, comprising 5-6 hours of theoretical instruction and 3-4 hours of supervised practical training. Modules included are immunology, anatomy, physiology, public health, pharmacovigilance, vaccine-specific knowledge, clinical safety, ethics, and hands-on practice. The course employs a diverse range of teaching methods (e-learning, virtual lectures, case-based discussions, role-playing exercises, and simulations). Competence is evaluated through quizzes, case analyses, and practical assessments. The programme is currently in the piloting phase and has not yet been implemented. By synthesizing evidence from existing curricula and aligning training content with the evolving role of PTs, this programme offers a structured, flexible, and practice-oriented approach to skills development. Its implementation may strengthen the readiness of PTs to participate in immunisation services, improve public health outcomes, and promote workforce.
- ANTI-VEGF therapies in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a scoping review of functional and morphological outcomes in older adultsPublication . Queirós, Marta; Teixeira, Daniela; Jesus, Ângelo; Santos, Marlene; Moreira, Fernando; Fernandes, Sara R.; Santos, Marlene; Moreira, Fernando; Fernandes, SaraAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in individuals over 60 years of age and is classified into two main subtypes: geographic atrophy (dry AMD) and neovascular AMD (wet AMD). Antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents are the standard treatment for neovascular AMD, although guidelines diverge regarding first-line choices. This scoping review aims to identify and characterize current scientific evidence on the use of anti-VEGF agents in the treatment of neovascular AMD. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed for observational or experimental studies published between 2020 and April 2025. Eligible studies included individuals aged ⩾60 years, reported on the use of anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular AMD, and assessed both functional (visual acuity) and morphological outcomes. Sixty-five studies met the inclusion criteria – 56 observational studies (prospective cohorts and cross-sectional designs), and nine clinical trials. Aflibercept (34%), faricimab (18%), and ranibizumab (15%) were the most commonly agents. Ranibizumab and aflibercept consistently improved visual acuity, with average gains of 7–15 ETDRS letters. Bevacizumab yielded more variable outcomes. In refractory patients, brolucizumab or faricimab showed anatomical improvements; however, brolucizumab was associated to higher risk of intraocular inflammation. The findings suggest that clinical and anatomical factors, such as persistent subretinal fluid, central retinal thickness, and initial treatment response, may help guide a more individualised selection of anti-VEGF. While ranibizumab and aflibercept remain well-established options, faricimab shows potential, in patients with suboptimal response to conventional agents.
- E-Health strategies to promote treatment adherence in asthma and COPD: A scoping reviewPublication . Almeida, Helena; Gonçalves, Olívia; Oliveira, Vânia; Fernandes, Sara R.; Santos, Marlene; Moreira, Fernando; Fernandes, Sara; Santos, Marlene; Moreira, FernandoThe control of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) depends on adherence to treatment, often administered via inhalation devices [1]. The digitalisation of healthcare has been suggested as a viable strategy to promote treatment adherence [2,3]. This scoping review aimed to identify eHealth strategies promoting adherence to asthma and COPD treatment and to map the methodologies adopted in studies addressing this topic. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and ScienceDirect to identify studies reporting the use of digital interventions applied to patients with asthma or COPD. Experimental and observational studies published between 2015 and 2025, in English or Portuguese, were included. A total of 61 studies were identified, describing digital strategies with variable technology, interactivity, and integration with face-to-face healthcare services – 10 addressing the treatment of COPD, 47 for asthma treatment and four for both asthma and COPD. Most studies focused on mobile applications (n=31), followed by smart digital inhalers (n=13) and web-based platforms (n=12). Regarding outcomes, the assessment of the treatment adherence rates was performed in 85% of the studies, while 10% evaluated correct inhaler use. The heterogeneity of assessment methods (personalised feedback, automated reminders, and intake monitoring) limits direct comparison across studies. The use of digital strategies to enhance COPD and asthma treatment adherence has been consistently demonstrated. Effective integration of eHealth to improve treatment adherence in asthma and COPD requires personalized feedback, user-centered design, clinical follow-up, and equitable technology access.
- The impact of social media on the choice of cosmetic products among young adults living in the district of PortoPublication . Rodrigues, Beatriz; Sousa, Bruna; Oliveira, Rita F.; Oliveira, Ana Isabel; Ferraz Oliveira, Rita; Oliveira, Ana IsabelThe skin is the largest organ of the human body, fulfilling essential physiological and protective functions. In recent years, the demand for cosmetic products has risen considerably, driven not only by dermatological concerns but also by aesthetic motivations. Social media platforms have emerged as influential channels in shaping consumer behaviour, particularly among young adults. To evaluate the impact of social media on the selection of cosmetic products among young adults aged 18 to 30 residing in the district of Porto. Observational, descriptive, crosssectional study, employing a snowball sampling method. Data were collected through an online questionnaire applied between December 2024 and March 2025, and analysed using SPSS®. A total of 252 participants were included. Higher levels of trust were verified in information sources among participants with dermatological conditions with 63.6% indicating they “trust a lot” in information sources. Male respondents exhibited greater trust in social media content overall (p < 0.001). TikTok emerged as the most influential platform, with 69% of purchases made based on online recommendations. Moreover, both gender and age group influenced the type of information sought (p<0.05). An association was also observed between possible adverse reactions occurrence and subsequent search for professional advice (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that social media exerts a tangible influence on cosmetic purchasing behaviour among young adults, highlighting the need for healthcare professionals to assume a more visible and credible presence within digital platforms.