ESS - NEU - Neurofisiologia
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- Brain's electrical response to visual and auditory stimuli. relations between the two stimuli modalitiesPublication . Giesteira, Bruno; Travassos, João; Freitas, Diamantino; Tavares, DianaAscertain relations between brain responses elicited by stimuli of different modalities (visual and audiological). The stimuli used were based on some of the basic elements and concepts of the visual syntax, regarding to the Gestalt theory, and an audiological grammar based on the clinical protocols. We used Event-Related Potentials for assessing the brain's electrical response to visual and auditory stimuli. Materials: Biopac Systems Mp 150 - Data acquisition unit “MP150A.CE”; universal interface module “UIM100C”; stimulator module “STM100C”, two electroencephalogram amplifier modules “EEG100C”; Ag-AgCL lead electrodes - AcqKnowledge 3.9.0 (software); SuperLab 4.0 (software) and MatlabR2008B. Interim results presented in form of waveforms representing the average and standard deviation of all signals acquired for each type of stimulus. We can visually conclude that different modalities elicit different waveforms and certain stimuli have a more defined response than others.
- Analysis of the alterations induced by working memory tasks in the electroencephalogramPublication . Franco, Joana; Tavares, Diana; Sucena, AnaThe working memory (WM) is an essential cognitive function with limited capability that allows the temporary storage and manipulation of information used in complex cognitive tasks. The Fluid Intelligence (FI) is the ability to engage and respond to new situations, regardless of previous knowledge.
- Electroencephalographic changes in moral decisionsPublication . Castro, Catarina; Tavares, Diana; Jácomo, AntónioHuman morality has been addressed by the neurosciences and neuroethics. However we remain far from realizing how brain works in moral decisions. The decision taken in moral dilemmas can be deontological or utilitarian. In the first one an action is right or wrong for itself, disregarding the consequences of your decision. On the other hand, in utilitarian decisions consequences are the only thing that matters, seeking the best interest to the greatest number of people. This study aims to describe neuronal activity during moral decision-making, thereby contributing both to the location of brain areas involved in this process and for the characterization of neurophysiological changes that take place when moral decisions are made.
- How does sleep deprivation, due to night work, affects health care professionals’ quality of lifePublication . Jesus, André; Freitas, Mónica; Gonçalves, FranciscaSleep deprivation in health care professionals, as a result of night shifts, is a very popular subject nowadays due to resulting consequences on their quality of life, both on a personal and social level. Lack of organization of night shifts working schedules with no consideration for personal needs represent a physical and mental risk for healthcare professionals and for patients who benefit from the health care service (Niu, S., et al., 2011).
- Analysis of oscillatory brain activity in gamers and non-gamers during different cognitive tasksPublication . Duarte, Vinicius; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Tavares, DianaSome studies suggest that the pathological use of video games is related to high impulsivity and risky decision making. To analyze the EEG activity of compulsive gamers and non-gamers, while performing one inhibitory control and a decision-making task.
- Neuromarketing: Validation through neurophysiological techniquesPublication . Pereira, Ana; Tavares, Diana; Pimenta, RuiNeuromarketing is a new theme that allows the combination of neuroscience with marketing permitting to test advertising campaigns, feelings or emotions and even taken more accurately decisions. The Neuromarketing, simplistically, tries to give each product or service the characteristic of "perfect". Determine the changes caused in the EEG signal by different external stimuli presented, in particular, the sound of the ads and the emotions that each one awakens in the subjects. Infer about the ability of each advertisement capture more or less the attention of individuals before a specific ad.
- Alterações no trato urinário inferior na polineuropatia amiloidótica familiar: abordagem urodinâmicaPublication . Lopes, A.; Bairres, M.; Braga, I.; Principe, P.; Fraga, A.A polineuropatia amiloidótica familiar (PAF) é uma polineuropatia de pequenas fibras com afetação do sistema nervoso autónomo. Como tal, pode manifestar-se por disfunção na fisiologia da micção e condicionar o aparecimento de sintomatologia vesico-esfincteriana, muitas vezes de início precoce. A abordagem urodinâmica revela ser um útil método de diagnóstico capaz de demonstrar alterações no trato urinário inferior e contribuir para a terapêutica urológica atempada, podendo evitar consequências graves no trato urinário superior e proporcionar a estes doentes uma vida com qualidade, adiando a sua incapacidade.
- EEG evidence for mirror neuron system integrity in Down syndromePublication . Ferreira, Laís; Simões-Silva, Vitor; Tavares, Diana; Santos, Rubim; Rocha, NunoUnderstanding and imitating other people’s actions is crucial for social cognition. These skills appear to be supported by the human mirror neuron system. There is contradictory evidence regarding social skills in people with Down Syndrome (DS) and in consequence, regarding the integrity of the mirror neuron system. Although having good social and imitation skills, there is evidence for impairments in interpreting social situations and recognizing emotions. To determine whether there are impairments in the mirroring activity of adults with DS when compared to individuals without DS, by calculating the variation of the suppression of the EEG mu activity.
- The proteasome controls presynaptic differentiation through modulation of an on-site pool of polyubiquitinated conjugatesPublication . Pinto, Maria J.; Alves, Pedro L.; Martins, Luís; Pedro, Joana R.; Ryu, Hyun R.; Jeon, Noo Li; Taylor, Anne M.; Almeida, Ramiro D.Differentiation of the presynaptic terminal is a complex and rapid event that normally occurs in spatially specific axonal regions distant from the soma; thus, it is believed to be dependent on intra-axonal mechanisms. However, the full nature of the local events governing presynaptic assembly remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the major degradative pathway, in the local modulation of presynaptic differentiation. We found that proteasome inhibition has a synaptogenic effect on isolated axons. In addition, formation of a stable cluster of synaptic vesicles onto a postsynaptic partner occurs in parallel to an on-site decrease in proteasome degradation. Accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins at nascent sites is a local trigger for presynaptic clustering. Finally, proteasome-related ubiquitin chains (K11 and K48) function as signals for the assembly of presynaptic terminals. Collectively, we propose a new axon-intrinsic mechanism for presynaptic assembly through local UPS inhibition. Subsequent on-site accumulation of proteins in their polyubiquitinated state triggers formation of presynapses.
- Puzzling out presynaptic differentiationPublication . Pinto, Maria J.; Almeida, Ramiro D.Proper brain function in the nervous system relies on the accurate establishment of synaptic contacts during development. Countless synapses populate the adult brain in an orderly fashion. In each synapse, a presynaptic terminal loaded with neurotransmitters-containing synaptic vesicles is perfectly aligned to an array of receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. Presynaptic differentiation, which encompasses the events underlying assembly of new presynaptic units, has seen notable advances in recent years. It is now consensual that as a growing axon encounters the receptive dendrites of its partner, presynaptic assembly will be triggered and specified by multiple postsynaptically-derived factors including soluble molecules and cell adhesion complexes. Presynaptic material that reaches these distant sites by axonal transport in the form of pre-assembled packets will be retained and clustered, ultimately giving rise to a presynaptic bouton. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular aspects of presynaptic differentiation in the central nervous system, with a particular emphasis on the identity of the instructive factors and the intracellular processes used by neuronal cells to assemble functional presynaptic terminals. We provide a detailed description of the mechanisms leading to the formation of new presynaptic terminals. In brief, soma-derived packets of pre-assembled material are trafficked to distant axonal sites. Synaptogenic factors from dendritic or glial provenance activate downstream intra-axonal mediators to trigger clustering of passing material and their correct organization into a new presynaptic bouton. This article is part of a mini review series: "Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases".