Browsing by Author "Tavares, Diana"
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- Analysis of oscillatory brain activity in gamers and non-gamers during different cognitive tasksPublication . Duarte, Vinicius; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Tavares, DianaSome studies suggest that the pathological use of video games is related to high impulsivity and risky decision making. To analyze the EEG activity of compulsive gamers and non-gamers, while performing one inhibitory control and a decision-making task.
- Analysis of the alterations induced by working memory tasks in the electroencephalogramPublication . Franco, Joana; Tavares, Diana; Sucena, AnaThe working memory (WM) is an essential cognitive function with limited capability that allows the temporary storage and manipulation of information used in complex cognitive tasks. The Fluid Intelligence (FI) is the ability to engage and respond to new situations, regardless of previous knowledge.
- Biosensors, biofeedback, and neurofeedbackPublication . Monteiro, Pedro; Tavares, Diana; Mourão, Luís; Nouws, Henri P. A.; Maia, GiselaIn this chapter, the authors write about the processes of biofeedback, giving an insight about the sensors that might be used, the overall concept of biofeedback, as well as the evidence regarding the effectiveness of neurofeedback for the treatment of mental disorders.The main goal is to provide those introducing to the biofeedback as a self-regulation technique, used now for more than 50 years, with concise information about the sensors that might be used to detect the most common measured responses, the main types of physiological biofeedback, and the state-of-the-art evidence about neurofeedback as a form of brain training for individuals with the most prevalent mental disorders. Biofeedback and neurofeedback are guided therapies that include a vast and rowing variety of methodologies aimed to return information to the individual, regarding the physiological functions of the organism itself, in order to enable the modification of those otherwise considered unconscious physiological responses, designed to improve the individual’s health and wellness
- Brain's electrical response to visual and auditory stimuli. relations between the two stimuli modalitiesPublication . Giesteira, Bruno; Travassos, João; Freitas, Diamantino; Tavares, DianaAscertain relations between brain responses elicited by stimuli of different modalities (visual and audiological). The stimuli used were based on some of the basic elements and concepts of the visual syntax, regarding to the Gestalt theory, and an audiological grammar based on the clinical protocols. We used Event-Related Potentials for assessing the brain's electrical response to visual and auditory stimuli. Materials: Biopac Systems Mp 150 - Data acquisition unit “MP150A.CE”; universal interface module “UIM100C”; stimulator module “STM100C”, two electroencephalogram amplifier modules “EEG100C”; Ag-AgCL lead electrodes - AcqKnowledge 3.9.0 (software); SuperLab 4.0 (software) and MatlabR2008B. Interim results presented in form of waveforms representing the average and standard deviation of all signals acquired for each type of stimulus. We can visually conclude that different modalities elicit different waveforms and certain stimuli have a more defined response than others.
- Comitês de ética na educação superior: da teoria à açãoPublication . Tavares, Diana; Cruz, Agostinho; Cabral, Ana Paula; Machado, Alberto; Sousa, Helena; Curado, Henrique; Faria, Isabel; Amorim, Manuela; Gonçalves, Maria João; Lopes, Paula; Monteiro, PedroAs Comissões de Ética são órgãos relativamente novos no dia-a-dia dos profissionais e investigadores da área da saúde. O Decreto-Lei n.º 80/2018 (15 / outubro) veio comprovar e validar a pertinência deste órgão nas Instituições de Ensino Superior. A Comissão de Ética da Escola Superior de Saúde tem alargado a sua atividade para além da avaliação de projetos de investigação. Os seus membros, enquanto profissionais e educadores, têm acompanhado a crescente e premente necessidade de humanização da saúde. Esta foi acentuada pela pandemia, devido ao agravamento da despersonalização do profissional e do paciente, mas igualmente enfatizada pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico, exigências burocrático-administrativas, implementação da inteligência artificial, entre outros. A nossa perceção é que a formação curricular em saúde não atende plenamente todas as necessidades, surgindo aqui a possibilidade de cada Comissão assumir um papel mais ativo na comunidade académica e profissional, promovendo uma formação contínua, passando da teoria à prática.
- EEG evidence for mirror neuron system integrity in Down syndromePublication . Ferreira, Laís; Simões-Silva, Vitor; Tavares, Diana; Santos, Rubim; Rocha, NunoUnderstanding and imitating other people’s actions is crucial for social cognition. These skills appear to be supported by the human mirror neuron system. There is contradictory evidence regarding social skills in people with Down Syndrome (DS) and in consequence, regarding the integrity of the mirror neuron system. Although having good social and imitation skills, there is evidence for impairments in interpreting social situations and recognizing emotions. To determine whether there are impairments in the mirroring activity of adults with DS when compared to individuals without DS, by calculating the variation of the suppression of the EEG mu activity.
- Effects of working memory training on depressive symptoms and frontal alpha asymmetry: a pilot studyPublication . Campos, Carlos; Paiva, Tiago; Ribeiro, Luís; Tripologos, Sofia; Barbosa, Fernando; Tavares, Diana; Rocha, NunoTo assess the effects of working memory training (WMT) on depressive symptoms and frontal alpha asymmetry of young adults with moderate-severe depression. : 30 participants were randomly allocated to the WMT or control groups. Two subjects dropped out and one participant was excluded from EEG analysis.The WMT group completed 5 sessions of automatically adjusted n-back training (starting from 2-back) and the control group only performed 1-back trials. Main outcome measures were self reported depressive symptoms and frontal alpha asymmetry (pre- and post-training). There was a significant time*group interaction for self-reported depression (p = .047, ηp² = .144) and F4-F3 alpha asymmetry (p = .043, ηp² = .153). Post-hoc analysis revealed significant improvements in depression on the WMT group (p < .001) and non-significant findings regarding F4-F3 alpha asymmetry. There was no significant interaction for F8-F7 alpha asymmetry (p = .115, ηp² = .096). WMT may be an effective tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Frontal alpha asymmetry should be explored as a neurophysiological outcome measure of cognitive training efficacy.
- Electroencephalographic changes in moral decisionsPublication . Castro, Catarina; Tavares, Diana; Jácomo, AntónioHuman morality has been addressed by the neurosciences and neuroethics. However we remain far from realizing how brain works in moral decisions. The decision taken in moral dilemmas can be deontological or utilitarian. In the first one an action is right or wrong for itself, disregarding the consequences of your decision. On the other hand, in utilitarian decisions consequences are the only thing that matters, seeking the best interest to the greatest number of people. This study aims to describe neuronal activity during moral decision-making, thereby contributing both to the location of brain areas involved in this process and for the characterization of neurophysiological changes that take place when moral decisions are made.
- Ética e deontologia nas tecnologias da saúdePublication . Cruz, Agostinho; Lopes, Paula; Amorim, Manuela; Cabral, Ana Paula; Curado, Henrique; Faria, Isabel; Gonçalves, Maria João; Machado, Alberto; Sousa, Helena; Monteiro, Pedro; Tavares, DianaMuitas são as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) que ministram cursos na área da saúde e onde são desenvolvidos estudos de cariz clínico, sendo necessário garantir a salvaguarda dos padrões de (bio)ética, por forma a proteger e garantir a dignidade e integridade humana e a proteção/segurança dos seus dados pessoais. O Decreto-Lei n.º 80/2018 (15 /outubro), veio estabelecer princípios e regras aplicáveis ao funcionamento das comissões de ética integradas em IES, que realizem investigação clínica. A Comissão de Ética da Escola Superior de Saúde (CE da ESS) do Politécnico do Porto tem 10 anos de existência, desenvolvendo atividade de apoio aos projetos de investigação integrados em cursos de graduação e/ou dos seus Centros de Investigação, ou de entidades externas. Assim, para além da análise e emissão de pareceres relativos à investigação realizada, a CE da ESS tem intervém ainda no eixo da formação, objetivando padrões conduta (bio)ética, proteção e garantia da dignidade/integridade humana e proteção/segurança dos dados pessoais e/ou sensíveis, segundo os Códigos Deontológicos e de Conduta das Tecnologias da Saúde. Nestas áreas da saúde, os dilemas surgem no dia-a-dia dos profissionais e são devidos tanto às diferentes patologias, como aos procedimentos de diagnóstico e terapêutica utilizados. Existe ainda a problemática da confidencialidade e registo, que tem vindo a assumir cada vez maior importância, com o incremento da autonomia do paciente / utente. O respeito pelos direitos do utente, nas questões relativas ao controlo e acesso à informação clínica e terapêutica, pressupõe conhecimento e experiência do profissional quanto aos limites ético-deontológicos, dada a gestão constante do risco inerente à intervenção, tendo em vista o objetivo último da mesma: o bem-estar de quem procura estes profissionais.
- Facial emotional recognition in schizophrenia: preliminary results of the virtual reality program for facial emotional recognitionPublication . Souto, Teresa; Baptista, Alexandre; Tavares, Diana; Queirós, Cristina; Marques, AntónioBACKGROUND: Significant deficits in emotional recognition and social perception characterize patients with schizophrenia and have direct negative impact both in inter-personal relationships and in social functioning. Virtual reality, as a methodological resource, might have a high potential for assessment and training skills in people suffering from mental illness. OBJECTIVES: To present preliminary results of a facial emotional recognition assessment designed for patients with schizophrenia, using 3D avatars and virtual reality. METHODS: Presentation of 3D avatars which reproduce images developed with the FaceGen® software and integrated in a three-dimensional virtual environment. Each avatar was presented to a group of 12 patients with schizophrenia and a reference group of 12 subjects without psychiatric pathology. RESULTS: The results show that the facial emotions of happiness and anger are better recognized by both groups and that the major difficulties arise in fear and disgust recognition. Frontal alpha electroencephalography variations were found during the presentation of anger and disgust stimuli among patients with schizophrenia. DISCUSSION: The developed program evaluation module can be of surplus value both for patient and therapist, providing the task execution in a non anxiogenic environment, however similar to the actual experience.