Browsing by Author "Putnik, Goran"
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- Adaptations of a resources system selection problem of Distributed/Agile/Virtual Enterprises for using genetic algorithmsPublication . Ávila, Paulo; Mota, Alzira; Putnik, Goran; Costa, LinoThe selection of resource systems is still a difficult matter to solve in distributed / Agile / Virtual enterprises ( D/A/V Es ) integration. Attempts to solve the resources selection problem, has originated several models and consequently different algorithms have been applied to obtain solutions. The exact algorithms have good performance (in terms of computational time) for low dimension problems. However, become ineffective as the complexity increases. Genetic algorithms are considered robust and versatile. These have been applied to complex problems in several application areas and gained popularity in innumerable research works. To improve the computational time in solving the resources selection problem, we pretend to apply a genetic algorithm. Due to the characteristics of the model, the application of this algorithm forced adjustments in the initial model. In this work, we present the adaptations performed in the study model in order to use genetic algorithms.
- An analysis about the resources selection process in agile/virtual enterprisesPublication . Pires, António; Putnik, Goran; Ávila, PauloWe intend in the context of this work, to do an analysis on studies, literary revisions and mainly on existent models, in the universe of virtual enterprises resources selection, in order to allow us to put on perspective, in a sustainable way, new slopes to be incorporated that contributes to an improvement of the whole global process. This analysis for the A/VE was focused in several areas and basic slopes for the whole global process of the problem in question, namely in terms of the pre-selection phases and requisites; selection phases, requisites and methods; mathematical models, used tools and other important areas. There were incorporated the decision process of create an A/VE project and the requisites of the process principal phases. We approach the essential aspects for the work that is intended to develop, such as the integration of the existent models with the tasks plan (PT) of the product, namely if there are contemplated the eformulation and evaluation of the PT, and other important characteristics such as the weighting of resources and the incorporation of the value concept in the existent models, being that in our opinion an integration of a methodology of the type of Value Analysis will be able to incorporate surplus values in all this process. Conclusions were withdrawn on the whole global process, pointing to gaps and limitations and trying to do an approach which allows to sinthetize and put in perspective an efficient analysis of the whole extent of the problem in question.
- Análise da Complexidade do Problema da Selecção de Recursos para o Projecto de Empresas Ágeis / VirtuaisPublication . Ávila, Paulo; Putnik, Goran; Cruz Cunha, ManuelaFace aos requisites do mercado de hoje e especialmente no futuro, caracterizados por curtos ciclos de vida dos novos produtos, evolução rápida das novas tecnologias nomeadamente as tecnologias de informação e comunicação, e por variações frequentes na procura, as empresas são remetidas para novas formas organizacionais, tais como as empresas integradas, as empresas distribuídas, e mais recentemente as empresas Ágeis/Virtuais (EA/V), na procura de aumentarem a sua capacidade de adaptação ou reconfiguração, i.e. aumentarem a sua flexibilidade.
- Broker and Market of Resources as Organizational Mechanisms for Sustainability of Resources Selection Processes In Agile / Virtual EnterprisesPublication . Ávila, Paulo; Putnik, Goran; Cunha, Maria; Pires, AntónioOur Agile / Virtual Enterprises (A/V E) model, it is associated with the creation of temporary net of several physical organizations (or resources), with the intention to develop and produce one or more products/services, in the quantity and quality desirable, answering rapidly to a market solicitation. Our model has to satisfy four functional requirements: virtuality, distributivity, integrability and agility. The main mechanisms, or tools, for assuring satisfaction and implementation of these requirements, by the Virtual Enterprises Architecture Reference Model (BM_VEARM), are the Broker, the Market of Resources and the virtuality (as the specific organization architectural, or structural, pattern). In this paper, Broker and Market of Resources, and their roles and relationship within the process of resources selection, as one of the main processes of the A/V E as well as one of the “agility” processes, are considered. Both of them, Broker and Market of Resources, are independent physical entities, with own juridical identification, that inter-working between them and the Principal (the mentor of a business opportunity), could origin an A/V E creation. We will show in this article the main functions and its organizational position, associated to the triple Broker – Resources Market – Principal, for the A/V E configuration and operation. For the resources system selection those functions will be more detailed explained and identified its tools or type of tools, and its desired performance to assure the A /V E integrability and agility. One of these kinds of tools, are expected to be quality assurance tools, namely the value analyses.
- Business Sustainability 2.0Publication . Putnik, Goran; Ávila, PauloThis book presents the collection of fifty papers which were presented in the Second International Conference on BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY 2011 - Management, Technology and Learning for Individuals, Organisations and Society in Turbulent Environments , held in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, from 22ndto 24thof June, 2011.The main motive of the meeting was growing awareness of the importance of the sustainability issue. This importance had emerged from the growing uncertainty of the market behaviour that leads to the characterization of the market, i.e. environment, as turbulent. Actually, the characterization of the environment as uncertain and turbulent reflects the fact that the traditional technocratic and/or socio-technical approaches cannot effectively and efficiently lead with the present situation. In other words, the rise of the sustainability issue means the quest for new instruments to deal with uncertainty and/or turbulence. The sustainability issue has a complex nature and solutions are sought in a wide range of domains and instruments to achieve and manage it. The domains range from environmental sustainability (referring to natural environment) through organisational and business sustainability towards social sustainability. Concerning the instruments for sustainability, they range from traditional engineering and management methodologies towards “soft” instruments such as knowledge, learning, and creativity. The papers in this book address virtually whole sustainability problems space in a greater or lesser extent. However, although the uncertainty and/or turbulence, or in other words the dynamic properties, come from coupling of management, technology, learning, individuals, organisations and society, meaning that everything is at the same time effect and cause, we wanted to put the emphasis on business with the intention to address primarily companies and their businesses. Due to this reason, the main title of the book is “Business Sustainability 2.0” but with the approach of coupling Management, Technology and Learning for individuals, organisations and society in Turbulent Environments. Also, the notation“2.0” is to promote the publication as a step further from our previous publication – “Business Sustainability I” – as would be for a new version of software. Concerning the Second International Conference on BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY, its particularity was that it had served primarily as a learning environment in which the papers published in this book were the ground for further individual and collective growth in understanding and perception of sustainability and capacity for building new instruments for business sustainability. In that respect, the methodology of the conference work was basically dialogical, meaning promoting dialog on the papers, but also including formal paper presentations. In this way, the conference presented a rich space for satisfying different authors’ and participants’ needs. Additionally, promoting the widest and global learning environment and participation, in accordance with the Conference's assumed mission to promote Proactive Generative Collaborative Learning, the Conference Organisation shares/puts open to the community the papers presented in this book, as well as the papers presented on the previous Conference(s). These papers can be accessed from the conference webpage (http://labve.dps.uminho.pt/bs11). In these terms, this book could also be understood as a complementary instrument to the Conference authors’ and participants’, but also to the wider readerships’ interested in the sustainability issues. The book brought together 107 authors from 11 countries, namely from Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Serbia, Switzerland, and United States of America. The authors “ranged” from senior and renowned scientists to young researchers providing a rich and learning environment. At the end, the editors hope, and would like, that this book to be useful, meeting the expectation of the authors and wider readership and serving for enhancing the individual and collective learning, and to incentive further scientific development and creation of new papers. Also, the editors would use this opportunity to announce the intention to continue with new editions of the conference and subsequent editions of accompanying books on the subject of BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY, the third of which is planned for year 2013.
- Business Sustainability IPublication . Putnik, Goran; Ávila, PauloThis book presents the collection of fifty two papers which were presented on the First International Conference on BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY ’08 - Management, Technology and Learning for Individuals, Organisations and Society in Turbulent Environments, held in Ofir, Portugal, from 25th to 27th of June, 2008. The main motive of the meeting was the growing awareness of the importance of the sustainability issue. This importance had emerged from the growing uncertainty of the market behaviour that leads to the characterization of the market, i.e. environment, as turbulent. Actually, the characterization of the environment as uncertain and turbulent reflects the fact that the traditional technocratic and/or socio-technical approaches cannot effectively and efficiently lead with the present situation. In other words, the rise of the sustainability issue means the quest for new instruments to deal with uncertainty and/or turbulence. The sustainability issue has a complex nature and solutions are sought in a wide range of domains and instruments to achieve and manage it. The domains range from environmental sustainability (referring to natural environment) through organisational and business sustainability towards social sustainability. Concerning the instruments for sustainability, they range from traditional engineering and management methodologies towards “soft” instruments such as knowledge, learning, creativity. The papers in this book address virtually whole sustainability problems space in a greater or lesser extent. However, although the uncertainty and/or turbulence, or in other words the dynamic properties, come from coupling of management, technology, learning, individuals, organisations and society, meaning that everything is at the same time effect and cause, we wanted to put the emphasis on business with the intention to address primarily the companies and their businesses. From this reason, the main title of the book is “Business Sustainability” but with the approach of coupling Management, Technology and Learning for individuals, organisations and society in Turbulent Environments. Concerning the First International Conference on BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY, its particularity was that it had served primarily as a learning environment in which the papers published in this book were the ground for further individual and collective growth in understanding and perception of sustainability and capacity for building new instruments for business sustainability. In that respect, the methodology of the conference work was basically dialogical, meaning promoting dialog on the papers, but also including formal paper presentations. In this way, the conference presented a rich space for satisfying different authors’ and participants’ needs. Additionally, promoting the widest and global learning environment and participativeness, the Conference Organisation provided the broadcasting over Internet of the Conference sessions, dialogical and formal presentations, for all authors’ and participants’ institutions, as an innovative Conference feature. In these terms, this book could also be understood as a complementary instrument to the Conference authors’ and participants’, but also to the wider readerships’ interested in the sustainability issues. The book brought together 97 authors from 10 countries, namely from Australia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Sweden and United Kingdom. The authors “ranged” from senior and renowned scientists to young researchers providing a rich and learning environment. At the end, the editors hope and would like that this book will be useful, meeting the expectation of the authors and wider readership and serving for enhancing the individual and collective learning, and to incentive further scientific development and creation of new papers. Also, the editors would use this opportunity to announce the intention to continue with new editions of the conference and subsequent editions of accompanying books on the subject of BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY, the second of which is planned for year 2011.
- Contribuição da ISO 9001: 2000 na Criação e Implementação de Quantificadores de Desempenho para as Pequenas e Médias EmpresasPublication . Ávila, Paulo; Putnik, Goran; Lopes, Manuel; Afonso Fernandes, António; Cavaco, IsmaelA maioria das pequenas e médias empresas não têm ou não possuem adequadas medidas de desempenho para se auto-avaliarem. Com certeza que valores relacionados com alguns parâmetros contabilísticos normalmente são conhecidos, e.g., volume de faturação, resultado líquido, etc. Contudo, nos nossos dias não bastam apenas esses parâmetros e o empresário deve perceber que os desempenhos financeiros dependem de outras medidas de desempenho, i.e., os primeiros são consequência dos segundos. Com a implementação de sistemas de gestão da qualidade (SGQ), segundo a norma NP EN ISO 9001: 2000, nas pequenas e médias empresas, pensamos que é uma importante oportunidade para perceber, criar e implementar medidas de desempenho, de forma racional e com acréscimo de valor ou de importância para a empresa. Isto significa, a criação de medidas de desempenho que podem ser úteis e não para criar mais “papeis” que nunca serão utilizados no quotidiano da empresa, e que nalguns casos, apenas servem para impressionar os auditores da qualidade ou para decorar as paredes da empresa. A oportunidade criada com a implementação da norma ISO 9001: 2000 ocorre da necessidade de implementar o SGQ inserido no contexto duma estrutura de processos que interagem entre si (através de entradas e saídas de cada processo) e com o exterior (clientes e fornecedores) e que descrevem as principais atividades no seio da empresa que são importantes para assegurar a qualidade do sistema. Para cada um dos processos pertencentes ao SGQ é necessário, entre outros requisitos da norma, descrever os seus mecanismos de controlo, i.e., as suas medidas de desempenho. A descrição dessas medidas de desempenho, que ficam a cargo de cada empresa, são de crucial importância para a aplicação do círculo de Deming (plan do check act – PDCA), quer no seio de cada processo quer para o todo do SGQ implementado dentro da empresa. O propósito deste artigo passa primeiro por chamar a atenção das empresas para a oportunidade de definirem medidas de desempenho úteis aquando da implementação dum SGQ. Em segundo, mostraremos um conjunto de processos tipo para pequenas e médias empresas da indústria metalomecânica e para cada processo definiremos algumas das medidas de desempenho que poderão ser utilizadas pelas mesmas, para quantificarem o desempenho de cada processo e simultaneamente do todo da empresa.
- A Contribution for Generalization of Scheduling Problem ClassesPublication . Putnik, Goran; Alves, Cátia; Varela, Leonilde; Ávila, PauloIt is identified that different scheduling problem classes are just special cases of one “general scheduling problem” that is that a number of traditional scheduling problem classes (for the case of 64 classes obtained by combination of 6 parameters) could be reduced to the scheduling problem for a set of lots, with one part per lot. “General scheduling problem” definition helps to minimize the simulator’s size/complexity concerning modeling and evaluation of three scheduling paradigms. Further, for scheduling problems different notations were developed to represent different scheduling problems classes. In this paper we introduced a new field into the Graham´s notation, named “sub-problem solution classes”, considering that the general solution (objective) is integrated over solutions for sub-problems.
- A contribution for the development of new resources selection models for the agile/virtual enterprisesPublication . Ávila, Paulo; Putnik, Goran; Cunha, MariaThe process of resources systems selection, takes an important part in Agile / Virtual Enterprises (A/V E) integration because the efficient resources selection, or resources systems selection, running in useful time and cost and with efficient solution, is an important operation within the A/V E design phase and certainly will contribute for the flexibility of an A/V E within the phase of its reconfiguration. The resources systems selection is a difficult matter to solve in A/V E because: it can be of exponential complexity resolution; it can be a multi criteria problem; and because there are different types of A/V Es with different requirements that have originate the creation of a specific resources selection model for each one of them. This kind of selection approach models will be reviewed from literature and analyzed its limitations and the consequent necessities of development new ones. At the first time we identified necessities that never were thought before, like performance measures for the selection model, and the necessities of identifying the sponsor for the selection process. We will see too that the models fit uniquely the requirements of a unique A/V E are rigid and not flexible enough to satisfy the requirements of another A/V E. These limitations that we highlight in this work are important to be considered in the development of new models and were simultaneously considered in the development of our selection model for the project of the BM_Virtual Enterprise.
- A contribution to clarification of definitions and relationship between processes, operations, process plans, jobs, tasks and ordersPublication . Putnik, Goran; Alves, Cátia; Ávila, PauloThe terminology and semantics concerning process plans, operations, orders, jobs and tasks are unfortunately not used in a canonical way, and many times there is misunderstandings, confusion or even ignorance of the relationships between the terms, among the practitioners and students. This paper contributes to clarification of basic canonical definitions and relationship between processes, operations, process plans, jobs, tasks and orders. The paper presents the concepts of “Process Plan”, job, task, orders and their relationship. It is suggested that adoption of canonical forms of these concepts, definitions and relationships will facilitate implementation of advanced methodologies and technologies and techniques and integration with other systems and partners (networking).