Percorrer por autor "Peixoto, Bruno"
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- Activities of Daily Living Inventory (ADLI): Proposal of a new instrument and preliminary dataPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Pontes, Diogo; Dores, Artemisa R; Peixoto, Bruno; Barbosa, FernandoThe evaluation of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) has become a critical issue in neuropsychology, but existing instruments for evaluating ADL have some limitations. This work aims to propose a new instrument to evaluate ADL, the ADL Inventory (ADLI), for which we present preliminary data. The ADLI was developed based on a comprehensive model of the stages of test development and following a combined framework of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health and the American Occupational Therapy Association models. Besides sociodemographic information, ADLI includes 144 items, organized into four sections: (a) basic ADL; (b) IADL; (c) advanced ADL; and (d) factors influencing functionality. The main characteristics of ADLI are: having self- and informant-report forms; including items focused on different sensory and neurocognitive functions; individualizing the progression along items considering the person’s functionality; considering the impact of several factors on functionality; and using a large response scale. Preliminary data of predictive and convergent validity for ADLI are presented. The preliminary study comprised 15 older adults. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – III, the Barthel Index, and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale were applied to determine the predictive and convergent validity of ADLI.
- Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in PortugalPublication . Carvalho, Irene P.; Peixoto, Bruno; Caldas, José Carlos; Costa, Ana; Silva, Sofia; Moreira, Bárbara; Almeida, Agostinho; Moreira-Rosário, André; Guerra, António; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Sintra, Diana; Pestana, Diogo; Pinto, Edgar; Mendes, Francisca Castro; Martins, Inês; Leite, João Costa; Fontoura, Manuel; Maia, Maria Luz; Queirós, Pedro; Moreira, Roxana; Leal, Sandra; Norberto, Sónia; Costa, Vera; Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz; Keating, Elisa; Azevedo, Luís; Calhau, ConceiçãoThe goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased with increasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = 0.047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementation
- Association between elevated iodine intake and IQ among school children in PortugalPublication . Carvalho, Irene P.; Peixoto, Bruno; Caldas, José Carlos; Costa, Ana; Silva, Sofia; Moreira, Bárbara; Almeida, Agostinho; Moreira-Rosário, André; Guerra, António; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Sintra, Diana; Pestana, Diogo; Pinto, Edgar; Mendes, Francisca Castro; Martins, Inês; Leite, João Costa; Fontoura, Manuel; Maia, Maria Luz; Queirós, Pedro; Moreira, Roxana; Leal, Sandra; Norberto, Sónia; Costa, Vera; Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz; Keating, Elisa; Azevedo, Luís; Calhau, ConceiçãoThe goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased withncreasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = .047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementation.
- A avaliação multidomínio da eficácia de programas de reabilitação neurocognitiva suportados nas novas tecnologias digitaisPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Geraldo, Andreia; Peixoto, Bruno; Castro-Caldas, Alexandre; Barbosa, Fernando; Dores, Artemisa RochaO envolvimento das novas tecnologias digitais nos processos de estimulação e reabilitação neurocognitiva (RNC) tem potenciado a eficácia e eficiência dos serviços de RNC, nomeadamente através de uma maior personalização aos perfis funcionais de cada indivíduo. Apesar disso, os protocolos de avaliação da eficácia destes processos baseiam-se maioritariamente em resultados de instrumentos tradicionais que não fornecem informação específica sobre as alterações que produzem quer no funcionamento cerebral per se, quer no seu funcionamento multissensorial. Desta forma, o projeto de investigação em curso foca-se na avaliação da eficácia de programas de RNC suportados nas novas tecnologias digitais, em diferentes patologias neurológicas utilizando protocolos de avaliação constituídos por medidas de resultado multidomínio. Os protocolos incluem medidas de: avaliação neuropsicológica tradicional, do estado emocional, qualidade de vida, funcionalidade, neurofisiologia (i.e., conectividade funcional), e das funções sensoriopercetivas
- Critical review of multisensory integration programs and proposal of a theoretical framework for its combination with neurocognitive trainingPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Peixoto, Bruno; Vieira De Melo, Bruno; Barbosa, FernandoThe main purpose of this manuscript is to critically review the Multisensory Integration (MI) training programs applied to older adults, their characteristics, target sensory systems, efficacy, assessment methods, and results. We also intend to propose an integrated framework to support combined interventions of neurocognitive and sensory training. A critical review was conducted covering the most relevant literature on the MI training programs applied to older adults. Two MI training programs applied to cognitively healthy older adults were found: (a) audio-visual temporal discrimination training and (b) simultaneity judgment training. Both led to the improvement of the MI between pre- and post-training. However, only the audio-visual temporal discrimination training led to the generalization of the improvements to another MI task. Considering the relationship between sensory and cognitive functioning, this review supports the potential advantages of combining MI with neurocognitive training in the rehabilitation of older adults. We suggested that this can be achieved within the framework of Branched Programmed Neurocognitive Training (BPNT). Criteria for deciding the most suitable multisensory intervention, that is, MI or Multisensory Stimulation, and general guidelines for the development of MI intervention protocols with older adults with or without cognitive impairment are provided.
- Ecological validity in neurocognitive assessment: Systematized review, content analysis, and proposal of an instrumentPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Peixoto, Bruno; Barbosa, FernandoThe main objectives of this study are to identify the dimensions of Ecological Validity(EV) within the definitions of this concept, understand how they are operationalized in neurocog-nitive tests, and propose a checklist for EV attributes in neurocognitive tests. A systematized review was combined with content analysis of the selected papers, usingthe inductive method. We analyzed 82 studies on the EV of neurocognitive tests, 19 literaturereviews and 63 empirical studies. Based on this review, we identified the relevant criteria for evalu-ating EV. EV is a multidimensional concept with two main dimensions: representativeness and gen-eralization. Representativeness involves the subdimensions simplicity-complexity and artificial-nat-ural and several criteria organized on a continuum from low EV to high EV. Generalization isdependent on representativeness and is influenced by different cognitive and non-cognitive fac-tors. We propose six stages for operationalizing EV, from defining the objectives of the neurocog-nitive assessment to the methodology for scoring and interpreting the results.This systematized review helps to operationalize the concept of EV by providing atool for evaluating and improving EV while developing new tests. Further studies with a longitu-dinal design can compare the predictive value of tests with higher versus lower EV-checklistscores.
- Inventory of sensory, emotional, and cognitive reserve (SECri): Proposal of a new instrument and preliminary dataPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Vieira, Isabel; Barroso, Beatriz C. R.; Peixoto, Miguel; Pontes, Diogo; Peixoto, Bruno; Dores, Artemisa R.; Barbosa, FernandoA new model of reserve, the Sensory, Emotional, and Cognitive Reserve (SEC) model, has beenrecently proposed, but so far this model has not been operationalized in instruments to evaluatethe different domains of the reserve. This study introduces the SEC reserve inventory (SECri) alongwith preliminary data obtained from a study involving 57 adults, aged 35 and older. The SECriassesses the SEC domains using specific proxies: (a) sensory reserve (SR) through sensory acuity andsensory perception proxies; (b) emotional reserve (ER) through life events, resilience, and emotionalregulation proxies; and (c) cognitive reserve (CR) through education, occupation, socioeconomicstatus, bilingualism, leisure activities, and personality traits proxies. Key features of SECri includeself- and informant-report forms, fine-grained response scales, and the evaluation of reservedevelopment across the lifespan. Findings on the acceptability, convergent validity between SECridomains and validated tests for the same constructs, internal consistency of each domain, andpredictive validity of Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores support further research with thisinventory. Future studies should consider determining SECri’s psychometric properties in clinical andsubclinical conditions to evaluate its prognostic value in cases of neurocognitive decline.
- Iodine Status and Iodised Salt Consumption in Portuguese School-Aged Children: The Iogeneration StudyPublication . Leite, João Costa; Keating, Elisa; Pestana, Diogo; Fernandes, Virgínia; Maia, Maria; Norberto, Sónia; Pinto, Edgar; Moreira-Rosário, André; Sintra, Diana; Moreira, Bárbara; Costa, Ana; Silva, Sofia; Costa, Vera; Martins, Inês; Mendes, Francisca Castro; Queirós, Pedro; Peixoto, Bruno; Caldas, José Carlos; Guerra, António; Fontoura, Manuel; Leal, Sandra; Moreira, Roxana; Carvalho, Irene Palmares; Lima, Rui Matias; Martins, Catia; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Almeida, Agostinho; Azevedo, Luís; Calhau, ConceiçãoThe World Health Organization promotes salt iodisation to control iodine deficiency. In Portugal, the use of iodised salt in school canteens has been mandatory since 2013. The present study aimed to evaluate iodine status in school-aged children (6-12 years) and to monitor the use of iodised salt in school canteens. A total of 2018 participants were randomly selected to participate in a cross-sectional survey in northern Portugal. Children's urine and salt samples from households and school canteens were collected. A lifestyle questionnaire was completed by parents to assess children's eating frequency of iodine food sources. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The median UIC was 129 µg/L which indicates the adequacy of iodine status and 32% of the children had UIC < 100 µg/L. No school canteen implemented the iodised salt policy and only 2% of the households were using iodised salt. Lower consumption of milk, but not fish, was associated with a higher risk of iodine deficiency. Estimation of sodium intake from spot urine samples could be an opportunity for adequate monitoring of population means. Implementation of iodine deficiency control policies should include a monitoring program aligned with the commitment of reducing the population salt intake.
- Measures of cognitive reserve: an umbrella reviewPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Peixoto, Bruno; Dores, Artemisa R.; Barbosa, FernandoRecently, there has been a growing interest in operationalizing and measuring cognitive reserve (CR) for clinical and research purposes. This umbrella review aims to summarize the existing systematic and meta-analytic reviews about measures of CR. A literature search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the guidelines of Aromataris et al. (Citation2015) to identify the systematic reviews and meta-analysis involving the assessment of CR. The methodological quality of the papers included in this umbrella review was assessed with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) and Specialist Unit for Review Evidence (SURE). Thirty-one reviews were identified, sixteen of which were systematic reviews, and fifteen were meta-analyses. Most of the reviews had a critically low quality, according to AMSTAR-2. The reviews included between two and 135 studies. Most of the papers focused on older adults, mainly those with dementia. CR was measured using one to six proxies, but most considered each proxy separately. The most assessed proxies of CR were education on its own, combined with occupation and/or engagement in activities or combined with parental education, bilingualism, and engagement in activities when four CR proxies were studied. Most of the studies included in higher quality reviews focused on three proxies, with education and engagement in activities being the most evaluated using CR questionnaires. Despite the growing interest in measuring CR, its operationalization did not improve since the last umbrella review in this field.
- A model of sensory, emotional, and cognitive reservePublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Peixoto, Bruno; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barbosa, FernandoWe read with interest Stern’s Cognitive Reserve (CR) model (Citation2012) and his works along the years. According to Stern, CR proxies refer to different individual cognitive and socio-behavioral factors with impact on the adaptation of cognitive processes to aging, brain pathology or injury (Stern, Citation2002, Citation2009; Stern et al., Citation2019). However, Stern’s model of CR is focused on cognition and the influence of sensory or emotional aspects was not considered. Thus, we propose a model of Sensory, Emotional, and Cognitive Reserve (SEC reserve model) in which CR, sensory reserve (SR), and emotional reserve (ER) interact with each other, reducing the impact of neuropathology caused by brain disease and injury. Therefore, higher levels of SEC reserve hold the potential to enhance rehabilitation outcomes and prevent or delay the impact of neurocognitive deficits on functionality in the instrumental cognitive activities of daily life.