Percorrer por autor "Crasto, Carlos"
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- Abdominal muscle activity during breathing in different postural sets in healthy subjectsPublication . Mesquita Montes, António; Gouveia, Sara; Crasto, Carlos; Melo, Cristina; Carvalho, Paulo; Santos, Rita; Vilas-Boas, João PauloThis study aims to evaluate the effect of different postural sets on abdominal muscle activity during breathing in healthy subjects. Twenty-nine higher education students (20.86 ± 1.48 years; 9 males) breathed at the same rhythm (inspiration: 2 s; expiration: 4 s) in supine, standing, tripod and 4-point-kneeling positions. Surface electromyography was performed to assess the activation intensity of rectus abdominis, external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique muscles during inspiration and expiration. During both breathing phases, the activation intensity of external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique was significantly higher in standing when compared to supine (p ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were found between tripod position and 4-point-kneeling positions. Transversus abdominis/internal oblique activation intensity in these positions was higher than in supine and lower than in standing. Postural load and gravitational stretch are factors that should be considered in relation to the specific recruitment of abdominal muscles for breathing mechanics.
- Abdominal muscle activity during breathing in different postures in COPD “Stage 0” and healthy subjectsPublication . Mesquita Montes, António; Maia, Joana; Crasto, Carlos; Melo, Cristina; Carvalho, Paulo; Santos, Rita; Pereira, Susana; Vilas-Boas, João PauloThis study aims to evaluate the effect of different postures on the abdominal muscle activity during breathing in subjects "at risk" for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy. Twenty-nine volunteers, divided in "At Risk" for COPD (n=16; 47.38±5.08years) and Healthy (n=13; 47.54±6.65years) groups, breathed at the same rhythm in supine, standing, tripod and 4-point-kneeling positions. Surface electromyography was performed to assess the activation intensity of rectus abdominis, external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO) muscles, during inspiration and expiration. From supine to standing, an increased activation of all abdominal muscles was observed in "At Risk" for COPD group; however, in Healthy group, TrA/IO muscle showed an increased activation. In both groups, the TrA/IO muscle activation in tripod and 4-point kneeling positions was higher than in supine and lower than in standing. Subjects "at risk" for the development of COPD seemed to have a specific recruitment of the superficial layer of ventrolateral abdominal wall for the synchronization of postural function and mechanics of breathing.
- Abdominal muscle activity during breathing with and without inspiratory and expiratory loads in healthy subjectsPublication . Mesquita Montes, António; Baptista, João; Crasto, Carlos; Melo, Cristina; Santos, Rita; Vilas-Boas, João PauloCentral Nervous System modulates the motor activities of all trunk muscles to concurrently regulate the intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic pressures. The study aims to evaluate the effect of inspiratory and expiratory loads on abdominal muscle activity during breathing in healthy subjects. Twenty-three higher education students (21.09±1.56years; 8males) breathed at a same rhythm (inspiration: two seconds; expiration: four seconds) without load and with 10% of the maximal inspiratory or expiratory pressures, in standing. Surface electromyography was performed to assess the activation intensity of rectus abdominis, external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique muscles, during inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, transversus abdominis/internal oblique activation intensity was significantly lower with inspiratory load when compared to without load (p=0.009) and expiratory load (p=0.002). During expiration, the activation intensity of all abdominal muscles was significantly higher with expiratory load when compared to without load (p<0.05). The activation intensity of external oblique (p=0.036) and transversus abdominis/internal oblique (p=0.022) was significantly higher with inspiratory load when compared to without load. Transversus abdominis/internal oblique activation intensity was significantly higher with expiratory load when compared to inspiratory load (p<0.001). Transversus abdominis/internal oblique seems to be the most relevant muscle to modulate the intra-abdominal pressure for the breathing mechanics.
- Age effect on kinematic variables of stepping after multidirectional disturbancesPublication . Silva, Nuno; Melo, Cristina; Mesquita Montes, António; Crasto, Carlos; Santos, RitaSystems with influence on postural control suffer structural and functional changes with aging. Therefore stepping strategies against external disturbances, may have different characteristics between individuals of different age groups. Objectives: To analyze step length, step average speed and step latency on forward-backward disturbances, as well as stepping strategies after lateral disturbances. The relationship between lower limb dominance and response limb was also analyzed.
- Changes in co-contraction magnitude during functional tasks following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic reviewPublication . Paredes, Ricardo; Crasto, Carlos; Mesquita Montes, António; Arias-Buría, José L.Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a common orthopedic surgery procedure whose incidence has increased over the past few decades. Nevertheless, it is believed that neuromuscular control remains altered from the early stages after ACLR to later years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the magnitude of co-contraction during functional tasks in subjects with unilateral ACLR. A systematic review design was followed. The search strategy was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, PEDro, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 2024. The inclusion criteria involved studies using electromyography (EMG) data to calculate muscle pair activation via the co-contraction index (CCI) in ACLR individuals during functional tasks. The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and study quality was evaluated using National Institutes of Health (NIH) Study Quality Assessment Tools. The search strategy found a total of 792 studies, of which 15 were included in this systematic review after reviewing the eligibility criteria. The magnitude of co-contraction was assessed in a total of 433 ACLR individuals and 206 controls during functional tasks such as hop, drop-land, step-up/step-down, and gait. Overall, approximately 79.6% of individuals who had undergone ACLR exhibited increased levels of co-contraction magnitude in the ACLR limb, while 8.5% showed low co-contraction levels. The findings of the review suggest that, during functional tasks, most individuals who have undergone ACLR exhibit changes of co-contraction magnitude in the involved limb.
- Co-activation of upper limb muscles during reaching in post-stroke subjects: An analysis of the contralesional and ipsilesional limbsPublication . Silva, Cláudia; Silva, Augusta; Pinheiro De Sousa, Andreia Sofia; Pinheiro, Ana Rita; Bourlinova, Catarina; Silva, Ana; Salazar, António; Borges, Carla; Crasto, Carlos; Correia, Miguel Velhote; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo; Santos, RubimThe purpose of this study was to analyze the change in antagonist co-activation ratio of upper-limb muscle pairs, during the reaching movement, of both ipsilesional and contralesional limbs of post-stroke subjects. Nine healthy and nine post-stroke subjects were instructed to reach and grasp a target, placed in the sagittal and scapular planes of movement. Surface EMG was recorded from postural control and movement related muscles. Reaching movement was divided in two sub-phases, according to proximal postural control versus movement control demands, during which antagonist co-activation ratios were calculated for the muscle pairs LD/PM, PD/AD, TRIlat/BB and TRIlat/BR. Post-stroke's ipsilesional limb presented lower co-activation in muscles with an important role in postural control (LD/PM), comparing to the healthy subjects during the first sub-phase, when the movement was performed in the sagittal plane (p<0.05). Conversely, the post-stroke's contralesional limb showed in general an increased co-activation ratio in muscles related to movement control, comparing to the healthy subjects. Our findings demonstrate that, in post-stroke subjects, the reaching movement performed with the ipsilesional upper limb seems to show co-activation impairments in muscle pairs associated to postural control, whereas the contralesional upper limb seems to have signs of impairment of muscle pairs related to movement.
- Diagnostic ultrasound assessment of deep fascia sliding mobility in vivo: A scoping review – Part 1: Thoracolumbar and abdominal fasciaePublication . Soares, Hélio Rafael; Pinheiro, Ana Rita; Crasto, Carlos; Barbosa, Pedro; Dias, Nuno; Carvalho, Paulo deFailure of fascial sliding may occur in cases of excessive or inappropriate use, trauma, or surgery, resulting in local inflammation, pain, sensitization, and potential dysfunction. Therefore, the mechanical properties of fascial tissues, including their mobility, have been evaluated in vivo by ultra-sound (US) imaging. However, this seems to be a method that is not yet properly standardized nor validated. To identify, synthesize, and collate the critical methodological principles that have been described in the literature for US evaluation of deep fascia sliding mobility in vivo in humans. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on ScienceDirect, PubMed (Medline), Web of Science and B-On databases, according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The OCEBM LoE was used to evaluate the level of evidence of each study. From a total of 104 full-text articles retrieved and assessed for eligibility, 18 papers were included that evaluate the deep fasciae of the thoracolumbar (n ¼ 4), abdominal (n ¼ 7), femoral (n ¼ 4) and crural (n ¼ 3) regions. These studies addressed issues concerning either diagnosis (n ¼ 11) or treatment benefits (n ¼ 7) and presented levels of evidence ranging from II to IV. Various terms were used to describe the outcome measures representing fascial sliding. Also, different procedures to induce fascial sliding, positioning of the individuals being assessed, and features of US devices were used. The US analysis methods included the comparison of start and end frames and the use of cross-correlation software techniques through automated tracking algorithms. These methods had proven to be reliable to measure sliding between TLF, TrA muscle-fascia junctions, fascia lata, and crural fascia, and the adjacent epimysial fascia. However, the papers presented heterogeneous terminologies, research questions, populations, and methodologies. This two-part paper reviews the evidence obtained for the thoracolumbar and abdominal fasciae (Part 1) and for the femoral and crural fasciae (Part 2). The US methods used to evaluate deep fascia sliding mobility in vivo in humans include the comparison of start and end frames and the use of cross-correlation software techniques through automated tracking algorithms. These seem reliable methods to measure sliding of some fasciae, but more studies need to be systematized to confirm their reliability for others. Moreover, specific standardized protocols are needed to assess each anatomical region as well as study if age, sex-related characteristics, body composition, or specific clinical conditions influence US results.
- Diagnostic ultrasound assessment of deep fascia sliding mobility in vivo: A scoping review – Part 2: Femoral and crural fasciaePublication . Soares, Hélio Rafael; Pinheiro, Ana Rita; Crasto, Carlos; Barbosa, Pedro; Dias, Nuno; Carvalho, PauloFailure of fascial sliding may occur in cases of excessive or inappropriate use, trauma, or surgery, resulting in local inflammation, pain, sensitization, and potential dysfunction. Therefore, the mechanical properties of fascial tissues, including their mobility, have been evaluated in vivo by ultrasound (US) imaging. However, this seems to be a method that is not yet properly standardized nor validated. To identify, synthesize, and collate the critical methodological principles that have been described in the literature for US evaluation of deep fascia sliding mobility in vivo in humans. A systematic literature search was conducted on ScienceDirect, PubMed (Medline), Web of Science and B-On databases, according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The OCEBM LoE was used to evaluate the level of evidence of each study. ́ From a total of 104 full-text articles retrieved and assessed for eligibility, 18 papers were included that evaluate the deep fasciae of the thoracolumbar (n ¼ 4), abdominal (n ¼ 7), femoral (n ¼ 4) and crural (n ¼ 3) regions. These studies addressed issues concerning either diagnosis (n ¼ 11) or treatment benefits (n ¼ 7) and presented levels of evidence ranging from II to IV. Various terms were used to describe the outcome measures representing fascial sliding. Also, different procedures to induce fascial sliding, positioning of the individuals being assessed, and features of US devices were used. The US analysis methods included the comparison of start and end frames and the use of cross-correlation software techniques through automated tracking algorithms. These methods had proven to be reliable to measure sliding between TLF, TrA muscle-fascia junctions, fascia lata, and crural fascia, and the adjacent epimysial fascia. However, the papers presented heterogeneous terminologies, research questions, populations, and methodologies. This two-part paper reviews the evidence obtained for the thoracolumbar and abdominal fasciae (Part 1) and for the femoral and crural fasciae (Part 2). The US methods used to evaluate deep fascia sliding mobility in vivo in humans include the comparison of start and end frames and the use of cross-correlation software techniques through automated tracking algorithms. These seem reliable methods to measure sliding of some fasciae, but more studies need to be systematized to confirm their reliability for others. Moreover, specific standardized protocols are needed to assess each anatomical region as well as study if age, sex-related characteristics, body composition, or specific clinical conditions influence US results.
- Efeito imediato da técnica de rotação cervical grau II na sensação de posição articular em indivíduos com dor não específicaPublication . Rodrigues, Elisa; Brochado, Gabriela; Moura Bessa, Isabel; Gonçalves, Paulo; Domingos, João; Crasto, CarlosA mobilização articular passiva em indivíduos com dor cervical possui eficácia reconhecida no alívio da dor e no aumento da amplitude articular, mas há poucos estudos sobre a sua influência na capacidade propriocetiva. Estudar o efeito imediato da técnica de rotação cervical grau II na sensação de posição articular, em jovens adultos com e sem dor cervical unilateral de origem não específica. Estudo quase experimental, duplamente cego, numa amostra de conveniência de 37 indivíduos (18 a 24 anos de ambos os sexos) divididos em 2 grupos: 22 sem dor e 15 com dor cervical. O instrumento Cervical Range of Motion foi utilizado para avaliar a sensação de posição articular ativa da cervical a 30⁰ de rotação, para a direita e para a esquerda, antes e imediatamente após a execução da técnica de mobilização articular de rotação cervical grau II de Maitland (quatro mobilizações de 30 segundos cada). O teste foi repetido seis vezes para cada lado. Calculou-se o erro absoluto e o erro variável utilizando-se o teste t para comparação entre os grupos e momentos com nível de significância de 5%. Apenas se observaram diferenças significativas entre grupos no erro variável na rotação esquerda após a realização da técnica e entre momentos na rotação esquerda e direita no grupo sem dor sendo, no entanto, de magnitudes iguais ou inferiores a 1⁰ em média. A técnica de rotação cervical grau II não parece produzir efeitos imediatos clinicamente relevantes na precisão e consistência do reposicionamento avaliada a 30⁰ de rotação.
- Efeito imediato da técnica de rotação cervical grau II na sensação de posição articular em indivíduos com e sem dor não específicaPublication . Rodrigues, Elisa; Brochado, Gabriela; Moura Bessa, Isabel; Gonçalves, Paulo; Domingos, João; Crasto, CarlosA mobilização articular passiva em indivíduos com dor cervical possui eficácia reconhecida no alívio da dor e no aumento da amplitude articular, mas há poucos estudos sobre a sua influência na capacidade propriocetiva. Estudar o efeito imediato da técnica de rotação cervical grau II na sensação de posição articular, em jovens adultos com e sem dor cervical unilateral de origem não específica. Estudo quase experimental, duplamente cego, numa amostra de conveniência de 37 indivíduos (18 a 24 anos de ambos os sexos) divididos em 2 grupos: 22 sem dor e 15 com dor cervical. O instrumento Cervical Range of Motion foi utilizado para avaliar a sensação de posição articular ativa da cervical a 30⁰ de rotação, para a direita e para a esquerda, antes e imediatamente após a execução da técnica de mobilização articular de rotação cervical grau II de Maitland (quatro mobilizações de 30 segundos cada). O teste foi repetido seis vezes para cada lado. Calculou-se o erro absoluto e o erro variável utilizando-se o teste t para comparação entre os grupos e momentos com nível de significância de 5%. Apenas se observaram diferenças significativas entre grupos no erro variável na rotação esquerda após a realização da técnica e entre momentos na rotação esquerda e direita no grupo sem dor sendo, no entanto, de magnitudes iguais ou inferiores a 1⁰ em média. A técnica de rotação cervical grau II não parece produzir efeitos imediatos clinicamente relevantes na precisão e consistência do reposicionamento avaliada a 30⁰ de rotação.
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