ESTG - DM - Gestão e Internacionalização de Empresas
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- Perceptions on the effectiveness of public policies supporting entrepreneurship and internationalizationPublication . Campos, João Manuel de Castro; Braga, Vitor; Correia, AldinaIt is widely recognized that entrepreneurs and policy makers play a critical role in both economic growth and the growth and development of firms. The ability to innovate is recognized at the international level as a key competitive factor in the business world and public policies are a key instrument that often assist companies to grow to international levels. Entrepreneurship emerges as one of the main mechanisms of social and economic growth and as a result, gains a progressive interest both in the academia to investigate this phenomenon and in several public and private initiatives that promote business activity. The literature shows that entrepreneurship is an important growth factor and therefore it is extremely important to understand if such support has been effective in stimulating entrepreneurial activity. In order to accomplish the objective of the work, a research was developed based on the review of scientific publications related to entrepreneurship- and internationalisation-related public policies, highlighting the contemporaneous approaches on governmental policies and regulations and international business, corroborated by an empirical support that allowed to identify the relations between the public politics supporting entrepreneurship and internationalization of firms. This dissertation includes five key dimensions: innovation, entrepreneurship; public policy; economic growth and internationalisation. The approach of the quantitative study consisted of using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database that is a research program focused on the relationship between entrepreneurship and the context allowing economic growth and, based on the identification of variables related to public policies to analyse the extent to which they influence the experts’ perceptions on the efficiency of governmental policies to supporting new and growing business. Our data was subjected to statistical, univariate and multivariate analysis that allowed producing the results presented in the two studies. Our results show that the effectiveness of public policies is associated with the information and infrastructures available; adequacy of programs; recognition of the importance of public bodies for entrepreneurship policies; the competence and effectiveness of policy-related institutions; the priority of such policies in the context of national policies; the existence of support for young entrepreneurs; the bureaucratic system and the regulatory framework; and the concentration of policies in a single institution. Our results also suggest that governments gain a reputation and that according to this reputation; individuals evaluate different types of policies in a similar way. In addition, there is evidence that, in some countries, experts evaluate their policies in a more homogeneous way, while others have important divergences when experts evaluate the efficiency of their governments in implementing policies. It has also shown that investing in a reputation can be the result of the conditions that governments create in their societies and economies, in particular as regards a strong institutional and legal framework, the education system and the development of a coherent national culture, conditions of individuals' lives and levels of investment in technology and politics.