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Menores estrangeiros não acompanhados em Portugal: acolhimento e inclusão na perspetiva da economia social
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A presente dissertação analisa o acolhimento e a inclusão de Menores Estrangeiros Não
Acompanhados (MENA) em Portugal, a partir da perspetiva de profissionais de
Organizações da Economia Social (OES). Num contexto de crescente pluralidade
migratória e de complexificação das respostas institucionais, o estudo procura
compreender o papel da Economia Social enquanto ator-chave na inclusão de MENA.
A investigação, de natureza qualitativa, baseia-se em entrevistas semiestruturadas
realizadas a dezassete profissionais de onze OES com experiência no acolhimento e
integração de MENA. A análise de conteúdo permitiu identificar categorias centrais:
perfil funcional dos e das profissionais, caracterização dos MENA, processo de inclusão,
desafios (macro, meso e micro) e estratégias para a inclusão.
Os resultados demonstram que as OES desempenham um papel fundamental na
efetivação dos direitos dos MENA, compensando fragilidades estruturais do sistema
público, nomeadamente a incipiência de uma estratégia nacional específica e a
morosidade processual. Verificou-se que as práticas de acolhimento e inclusão mais
eficazes são aquelas sustentadas em abordagens culturalmente sensíveis, no
fortalecimento da autonomia e na criação de redes de suporte comunitário. A
aprendizagem do idioma, o acesso à educação e ao emprego, e o reconhecimento da
diversidade religiosa e cultural emergem como eixos determinantes da inclusão. As OES
revelam também capacidade de inovação social, promovendo metodologias participativas
e colaborativas que colocam os MENA no centro dos seus próprios percursos de
integração.
Conclui-se que a Economia Social é um pilar essencial na construção de uma resposta
humanizada e sustentável para os MENA, embora careça de maior articulação
interinstitucional e de apoio político-financeiro. Recomenda-se a criação de uma
estratégia nacional específica para MENA, formação contínua da equipa profissional e
investimento em mais políticas públicas de apoio aos MENA e às OES que gerem os seus
processos de inclusão.
This dissertation analyses the reception and inclusion of unaccompanied minors in Portugal from the perspective of professionals working in Social Economy Organisations (SEO). In a context of growing migratory diversity and increasing complexity of institutional responses, the study seeks to understand the role of the Social Economy as a key actor in the inclusion of unaccompanied minors. The research, of a qualitative nature, is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with seventeen professionals from eleven SEO experienced in the reception and integration of unaccompanied minors. Content analysis allowed for the identification of core categories: professionals’ functional profiles, the characterisation of unaccompanied minors, the inclusion process, challenges (macro, meso and micro), and strategies for inclusion. Findings show that SEO play a fundamental role in realising the rights of unaccompanied minors, compensating for structural weaknesses within the public system, namely the lack of a specific national strategy and the slowness of administrative procedures. The most effective reception and inclusion practices are those grounded in culturally sensitive approaches, the strengthening of autonomy, and the creation of community support networks. Language learning, access to education and employment, and the recognition of religious and cultural diversity emerge as key pillars of inclusion. SEO also demonstrate social innovation capacity, promoting participatory and collaborative methodologies that place young minors at the centre of their own inclusion pathways. It is concluded that the Social Economy constitutes an essential pillar in building a humanised and sustainable response for unaccompanied minors, although greater interinstitutional coordination and political-financial support are still needed. It is recommended that a specific national strategy, continuous professional training and increased public policy investment to support both unaccompanied minors and the SEO responsible for their inclusion processes.
This dissertation analyses the reception and inclusion of unaccompanied minors in Portugal from the perspective of professionals working in Social Economy Organisations (SEO). In a context of growing migratory diversity and increasing complexity of institutional responses, the study seeks to understand the role of the Social Economy as a key actor in the inclusion of unaccompanied minors. The research, of a qualitative nature, is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with seventeen professionals from eleven SEO experienced in the reception and integration of unaccompanied minors. Content analysis allowed for the identification of core categories: professionals’ functional profiles, the characterisation of unaccompanied minors, the inclusion process, challenges (macro, meso and micro), and strategies for inclusion. Findings show that SEO play a fundamental role in realising the rights of unaccompanied minors, compensating for structural weaknesses within the public system, namely the lack of a specific national strategy and the slowness of administrative procedures. The most effective reception and inclusion practices are those grounded in culturally sensitive approaches, the strengthening of autonomy, and the creation of community support networks. Language learning, access to education and employment, and the recognition of religious and cultural diversity emerge as key pillars of inclusion. SEO also demonstrate social innovation capacity, promoting participatory and collaborative methodologies that place young minors at the centre of their own inclusion pathways. It is concluded that the Social Economy constitutes an essential pillar in building a humanised and sustainable response for unaccompanied minors, although greater interinstitutional coordination and political-financial support are still needed. It is recommended that a specific national strategy, continuous professional training and increased public policy investment to support both unaccompanied minors and the SEO responsible for their inclusion processes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Menores estrangeiros não acompanhados Economia social Inclusão Políticas públicas Migrações Unaccompanied minors Social economy Inclusion Public policies Migration
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC