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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O mel integra, em Portugal, um papel bastante importante a nível socioeconómico,
em virtude das inúmeras propriedades nutricionais e terapêuticas. As constantes
deslocações das abelhas para produzir o mel podem indicar informações sobre a poluição
ambiental. A atração das abelhas pelas plantas faz com que estes insetos polinizadores
tenham contacto com inúmeros contaminantes ambientais, revelando importantes
pareceres sobre as condições envolventes. Neste sentido e de modo a garantir a segurança
alimentar do consumidor é fundamental desenvolver metodologias analíticas que
determinem os resíduos de contaminantes no meio envolvente, com o intuito de intercetar
a origem da contaminação no mel.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver e validar uma metodologia
analítica, baseada na extração por QuEChERS e na análise por cromatografia gasosa, para
a determinação do impacto ambiental no mel, analisando um espetro de contaminantes
em matrizes vegetais, recolhidas no Parque Natural de Montesinho. O desenvolvimento
e otimização da metodologia extrativa foi conseguida pela elaboração de testes de
otimização, com diferentes condições experimentais, alterando a quantidade de carbono
na fase de limpeza, a utilização ou não de agitação ultrassónica e o uso de diferentes sais
de QuEChERS, permitindo obter uma gama de taxas de recuperação de [37,3- 145,8] %.
Na validação do método realizaram-se as curvas de calibração. A linearidade das
curvas de calibração na gama de concentrações [0,996-12,450] µg/kg foi aceitável, uma
vez que o coeficiente de determinação foi superior a 0,99. Os limites de deteção e de
quantificação variaram de 0,709 a 1,734 µg/kg e 2,365 a 5,779 µg/kg, respetivamente.
Em relação ao desvio padrão relativo é possível afirmar que os valores se encontram
dentro do nível normalmente reconhecido, ou seja, inferior a 20 %.
Com o objetivo de monitorizar a presença de contaminantes, estudou-se as
amostras de plantas. Os principais contaminantes encontrados foram os pesticidas DDE,
α-endosulfão e fenvalerato, seguidos do contaminante PCB 28 e BDE 47, sendo a
localidade mais atingida Merize e o Carvalho a planta mais contaminada
In Portugal, honey plays a very important socioeconomic role due to its numerous nutritional and therapeutic properties. The constant movements of bees to produce honey may provide information about environmental pollution. The attraction of bees to plants means that these pollinating insects have contact with numerous environmental contaminants, revealing important insights about the surrounding conditions. In this sense, to ensure consumer food safety, it is essential to develop analytical methodologies that determine the residues of contaminants in the environment, to intercept the origin of contamination in honey. The present work aimed to develop and validate an analytical methodology, based on QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography analysis, for the determination of environmental impact in honey, analyzing a spectrum of contaminants in plant matrices, collected in the Natural Park of Montesinho. The development and optimization of the extraction methodology was achieved by performing optimization tests, with different experimental conditions, changing the amount of carbon in the cleaning phase, the use or not of ultrasonic agitation and the use of different QuEChERS salts, allowing a range of recovery rates of [37.3- 145.8] %. The calibration curves were performed in the method validation. The linearity of the calibration curves in the concentration range [0.996-12.450] µg/kg was acceptable, since the coefficient of determination was higher than 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.709 to 1.734 µg/kg and 2.365 to 5.779 µg/kg, respectively. About the relative standard deviation, it can be stated that the values are within the normally recognized level, in other words, less than 20 %. To monitor the presence of contaminants, the plant samples were studied. The main contaminants found were the pesticides DDE, α-endosulfan and fenvalerate, followed by the contaminant PCB 28 and BDE 47, being Marize the most affected location and Carvalho the most contaminated plant
In Portugal, honey plays a very important socioeconomic role due to its numerous nutritional and therapeutic properties. The constant movements of bees to produce honey may provide information about environmental pollution. The attraction of bees to plants means that these pollinating insects have contact with numerous environmental contaminants, revealing important insights about the surrounding conditions. In this sense, to ensure consumer food safety, it is essential to develop analytical methodologies that determine the residues of contaminants in the environment, to intercept the origin of contamination in honey. The present work aimed to develop and validate an analytical methodology, based on QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography analysis, for the determination of environmental impact in honey, analyzing a spectrum of contaminants in plant matrices, collected in the Natural Park of Montesinho. The development and optimization of the extraction methodology was achieved by performing optimization tests, with different experimental conditions, changing the amount of carbon in the cleaning phase, the use or not of ultrasonic agitation and the use of different QuEChERS salts, allowing a range of recovery rates of [37.3- 145.8] %. The calibration curves were performed in the method validation. The linearity of the calibration curves in the concentration range [0.996-12.450] µg/kg was acceptable, since the coefficient of determination was higher than 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.709 to 1.734 µg/kg and 2.365 to 5.779 µg/kg, respectively. About the relative standard deviation, it can be stated that the values are within the normally recognized level, in other words, less than 20 %. To monitor the presence of contaminants, the plant samples were studied. The main contaminants found were the pesticides DDE, α-endosulfan and fenvalerate, followed by the contaminant PCB 28 and BDE 47, being Marize the most affected location and Carvalho the most contaminated plant
Description
Keywords
Contaminantes Mel Plantas Extração QuEChERS Contaminants Honey Plants Extraction