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Uma reinterpretação da técnica de talha em madeira
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Abstract(s)
A talha em madeira é uma prática artesanal com raízes antigas, desenvolvida em diferentes civilizações como o Egito, a Grécia e Roma, onde a madeira era utilizada tanto para fins utilitários como decorativos. Embora nem sempre tão preservada quanto a pedra ou o metal, a madeira esculpida desempenhou um papel importante em objetos rituais, mobiliário e elementos arquitetónicos. Na Idade Média, a técnica ganhou grande relevância na Europa, em particular na produção de altares, retábulos e mobiliário religioso das igrejas góticas. Já no Renascimento, a talha foi elevada a novos patamares artísticos, acompanhando a valorização da forma humana e da ornamentação detalhada, com mestres como Donatello e outros artistas que aplicaram o esculpir em madeira de forma in ovadora. Nos períodos Barroco e Rococó (séculos XVII e XVIII), a técnica alcançou o auge da ornamentação, marcada por composições exuberantes, movimento e riqueza de detalhes. Com a industrialização no século XIX, a prática perdeu espaço para os processos mecanizados de produção em série. Contudo, a partir da segunda metade do século XX e início do XXI, assistiu -se a um renascimento do interesse pela talha, agora reinterpretada por artesãos, designers e artistas contemporâneos que passaram a integrar novas tecnologias - desde ferramentas elétricas até sistemas de corte a laser e fresagem CNC.
Atualmente , a talha em madeira encontra aplicações no design de mobiliário, arquitetura de interiores, arte sacra e, sobretudo, em projetos de restauro do património histórico. A técnica, pela sua natureza manual e singular, permite personalização e expressividade artística, funcionando também como uma alternativa mais sustentável à produção industrial massificada.
No contexto contemporâneo, surge a possibilidade de explorar a hibridização entre a prática artesanal e a tecnologia digital e robótica. O recurso a modelação 3D, softwares paramétricos e sistemas robóticos de fresagem expande as formas possíveis de manipular a madeira, permitindo criar peças que combinam a precisão tecnológica com a riqueza estética da tradição manual.
Wood Carving is a traditional craft with ancient roots, developed across different civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome, where wood was used for both utilitarian and decorative purposes. Although not always as well -preserved as stone or metal, car ved wood played a significant role in ritual objects, furniture, and architectural elements. During the Middle Ages, the technique gained significant prominence in Europe, particularly in the production of altars, retables, and religious furniture in Gothic churches. In the Renaissance, wood carving was elevated to new artistic heights, reflecting the era’s emphasis on the human form and intricate ornamentation, with experts such as Donatello and other artists innovatively applying carving techniques in wood. In the Baroque and Rococo periods (17th and 18th centuries), the technique reached the pea k of ornamentation, characterized by exuberant compositions, movement, and rich detailing. With the industrialization of the 19th century, the practice lost ground to mechanized mass-production processes. However, from the mid -20th century and into the 21st century, there has been a resurgence of interest in wood carving, now reinterpreted by contemporary artisans, designers, and artists who integrate modern technologies — from electric tools to laser cutting and CNC milling systems.Today, wood carving finds applications in furniture design, interior architecture, sacred art, and especially in heritage restoration projects. The technique, due to its manual and unique nature, allows for personalization and artistic expression, also serving as a more sustainable alternative to mass industrial production.In the contemporary context, there is an opportunity to explore the hybridization of traditional craftsmanship with digital and robotic technology. The use of 3D modeling, parametric design software, and robotic milling systems expands the possibilities for manipulating wood, enabling the creation of pieces that combine technological precision with the aesthetic richness of manual tradition.
Wood Carving is a traditional craft with ancient roots, developed across different civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome, where wood was used for both utilitarian and decorative purposes. Although not always as well -preserved as stone or metal, car ved wood played a significant role in ritual objects, furniture, and architectural elements. During the Middle Ages, the technique gained significant prominence in Europe, particularly in the production of altars, retables, and religious furniture in Gothic churches. In the Renaissance, wood carving was elevated to new artistic heights, reflecting the era’s emphasis on the human form and intricate ornamentation, with experts such as Donatello and other artists innovatively applying carving techniques in wood. In the Baroque and Rococo periods (17th and 18th centuries), the technique reached the pea k of ornamentation, characterized by exuberant compositions, movement, and rich detailing. With the industrialization of the 19th century, the practice lost ground to mechanized mass-production processes. However, from the mid -20th century and into the 21st century, there has been a resurgence of interest in wood carving, now reinterpreted by contemporary artisans, designers, and artists who integrate modern technologies — from electric tools to laser cutting and CNC milling systems.Today, wood carving finds applications in furniture design, interior architecture, sacred art, and especially in heritage restoration projects. The technique, due to its manual and unique nature, allows for personalization and artistic expression, also serving as a more sustainable alternative to mass industrial production.In the contemporary context, there is an opportunity to explore the hybridization of traditional craftsmanship with digital and robotic technology. The use of 3D modeling, parametric design software, and robotic milling systems expands the possibilities for manipulating wood, enabling the creation of pieces that combine technological precision with the aesthetic richness of manual tradition.
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Keywords
Design Talha em madeira Reinterpretação Robótica Produção híbrida Wood carving Reinterpretation Robotics Hybrid production