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Por norma, as construções encontram-se sujeitas a diversos agentes de degradação, nomeadamente a envolvente opaca e a cobertura, ao estarem em contacto com a água, poluição, variações de temperatura, entre outros agentes, tendem a enfraquecer estes elementos com o aparecimento de diversas anomalias. No entanto, os processos de degradação podem ser também causados por erros humanos durante as fases da construção, ou até por desastres naturais. Assim, para garantir o correto funcionamento do edifício é necessário assegurar uma avaliação dos tipos de deterioração nos elementos construtivos e identificar as suas causas, de modo a evitar a possível progressão das anomalias detetadas. A presente dissertação pretende descrever o estágio curricular desenvolvido na empresa kinetika, que teve como objetivo aplicar conhecimentos desenvolvidos ao longo do curso e inserir o estudante num ambiente empresarial. Neste cotexto, o objetivo deste trabalho relaciona o estudo e investigação das diversas patologias que podem surgir na envolvente opaca de um edifício, assim como na sua cobertura. E para além disto, são identificadas as possíveis causas a partir dos seus efeitos, é uma tarefa complexa visto que, por vezes, torna-se complicado estabelecer relações entre ambos. Por fim, são desenvolvidas várias fichas de inspeção que têm como propósito apoiar e facilitar as inspeções dos elementos estudados, de maneira a realizar um registo com um sistema “check-list” e, posteriormente, registar as causas prováveis do aparecimento das anomalias observadas.
Normally, buildings are exposed to various degradation agents, when the opaque envelope (facade) or the roof coverings are in contact with water, pollution, temperature variations, among other agents, they tend to weaken these elements with the appearance of several anomalies. However, degradation processes can also be caused by human mistakes during the construction stages, or even natural disasters. Thus, to guarantee the correct functioning of the building it is necessary to ensure an evaluation of the types of deterioration in the constructive elements and to identify their causes, to avoid the possible progression of the detected anomalies. This dissertation aims to describe the curricular internship developed in kinetika, whose plan is to apply knowledge developed throughout the course and insert the student in a business environment. In this context, the goal of this work relates the study and investigation of several pathologies that can arise in the opaque envelope of a building, as well as in its roof coverings. Besides this, the identification of possible causes from their effects is a complex task since, sometimes, it becomes complicated to establish a relationship between both. Finally, were developed some inspection sheets to support the inspections of the facades and the roof coverings, using a "check-list" system and registering the probable causes of the observed anomalies.
Normally, buildings are exposed to various degradation agents, when the opaque envelope (facade) or the roof coverings are in contact with water, pollution, temperature variations, among other agents, they tend to weaken these elements with the appearance of several anomalies. However, degradation processes can also be caused by human mistakes during the construction stages, or even natural disasters. Thus, to guarantee the correct functioning of the building it is necessary to ensure an evaluation of the types of deterioration in the constructive elements and to identify their causes, to avoid the possible progression of the detected anomalies. This dissertation aims to describe the curricular internship developed in kinetika, whose plan is to apply knowledge developed throughout the course and insert the student in a business environment. In this context, the goal of this work relates the study and investigation of several pathologies that can arise in the opaque envelope of a building, as well as in its roof coverings. Besides this, the identification of possible causes from their effects is a complex task since, sometimes, it becomes complicated to establish a relationship between both. Finally, were developed some inspection sheets to support the inspections of the facades and the roof coverings, using a "check-list" system and registering the probable causes of the observed anomalies.
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Keywords
Patologias Anomalias Causas Prováveis Formas de Manifestação Fichas de Inspeção Pathologies Anomalies Probable Causes Building Surveying Inspection Sheets