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Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida na empresa Lidergraf – Artes Gráficas, S.A, com o objetivo de estudar as linhas de sopro, vácuo e ar comprimido que asseguram a alimentação das máquinas aí instaladas, através do levantamento e análise das necessidades pneumáticas da empresa. A empresa em estudo é constituída por dois edifícios e cada um deles apresenta, atualmente, problemas distintos.
No edifício 1, o sistema centralizado de produção de sopro (com variador de frequência) encontra-se danificado. Segundo dados de 2010, o blower passava apenas 1% do tempo na zona ótima do variador de frequência e, portanto, a avaria ocorreu devido ao sobredimensionamento do equipamento. Verificou-se que, apesar das máquinas estarem em produção simultânea, o consumo nunca era o máximo, visto que não utilizavam as suas funcionalidades em plenitude. Assim, analisou-se os consumos das máquinas, face a um regime de funcionamento na gama 60 – 80%, no sentido de avaliar a vantagem económica de proceder à reparação do equipamento atual ou adquirir uma nova unidade de produção de sopro. Após este estudo, optou-se por reparar o equipamento e ligar a máquina Helderberg M600 ao sistema central visto que, até à data, possuía um blower dedicado. Por consequência desta intervenção, procedeu-se ao estudo do perfil de funcionamento do blower, verificando-se que o tempo de operação na zona ótima do variador de frequência passou de 1% para 59%. Ainda no mesmo edifício, o sistema centralizado de produção de vácuo não apresentava variador de frequência, ou seja, operava em regime carga/vazio.
Assim, avaliou-se a vantagem de instalar um variador de frequência externo, verificando-se que este iria permitir uma poupança de 66,8%. No entanto, este procedimento foi desaconselhado pelo fornecedor.
No edifício 2, o sistema central de produção de vácuo é constituído por duas bombas sem variador de frequência, estando uma danificada e a outra com alguns problemas de funcionamento. Visto que uma bomba garantia as necessidades de vácuo, concluiu-se que o regime de funcionamento máximo era de 56,5%. Partindo deste pressuposto, avaliou-se a hipótese de adquirir uma nova bomba de vácuo sem variador de frequência, e a possibilidade de instalar um variador de frequência externo. Para a resolução do problema a melhor opção seria a aquisição do variador de frequência externo, permitindo uma poupança anual de 45,9% com um tempo de retorno do investimento de aproximadamente 1 ano e 8 meses.
Relativamente ao ar comprimido, o sistema centralizado é constituído por dois compressores que operam de forma alternada e asseguram as necessidades de ambos os edifícios. Verificou-se que o edifício 2 representa 90% dos consumos de ar comprimido enquanto o edifício 1 representa apenas 10%.
This dissertation was developed in a company called Lidergraf - Artes Graphic, S.A., with the aim of studying the lines of blowing, vacuum and compressed air ensuring the feeding of machines installed therein, through the survey and analysis of pneumatic needs of the company. The company in study consists of two buildings in which each has distinct problems. In the first building, the centralized system blowing production (with frequency inverter) is found damaged. According to 2010 data, the blower spent only 1% of the time in the best area of the frequency inverter and therefore the fault checked was due to the oversizing of the equipment. It appeared that, although the machines are in simultaneous production and consumption will never be maximum, since the machines do not use its functions fully. Thus, we analyzed the consumption of machines compared to an operating system of the first building between 60 to 80%, in order to assess the economic advantage to carry out the repair of existing equipment or purchase a new blower. After this study, it was decided to repair the equipment and connect the Helderberg M600 machine to the central system until that moment, had a dedicated blower. As a result of this intervention, we proceeded to study the blower operating profile, verifying that the operating time in the optimal frequency inverter zone increased from 1% to 59%. In the same building, the centralized vacuum production does not have the frequency inverter that is, on on/off . Thus, we evaluated the advantage of installing an external frequency inverter, verifying that this would allow an 66.8% savings. However, this procedure is not recommended by the supplier. In the second building, the central vacuum producing system consists of two pumps without frequency converter, having one damaged and the other one with some malfunction. As seen a vacuum pump guaranties its own needs, and so, concluded that the maximum operating range of the building in question was 56.5%. Under this assumption, we evaluated the hance of buying a new vacuum pump without the frequency inverter and with the possibility of installing a variable external frequency. To solve the problem in this building the best option would be the purchase of an external frequency inverter allowing annual savings of 45.9% with a long return on investment of about 1 year and 8 months. Regarding the compressed air, the centralized system consists of two compressors which operate alternately and ensure the needs of both buildings. It was verified that the second building represents 90% of the compressed air consumption while the first building represents only 10%.
This dissertation was developed in a company called Lidergraf - Artes Graphic, S.A., with the aim of studying the lines of blowing, vacuum and compressed air ensuring the feeding of machines installed therein, through the survey and analysis of pneumatic needs of the company. The company in study consists of two buildings in which each has distinct problems. In the first building, the centralized system blowing production (with frequency inverter) is found damaged. According to 2010 data, the blower spent only 1% of the time in the best area of the frequency inverter and therefore the fault checked was due to the oversizing of the equipment. It appeared that, although the machines are in simultaneous production and consumption will never be maximum, since the machines do not use its functions fully. Thus, we analyzed the consumption of machines compared to an operating system of the first building between 60 to 80%, in order to assess the economic advantage to carry out the repair of existing equipment or purchase a new blower. After this study, it was decided to repair the equipment and connect the Helderberg M600 machine to the central system until that moment, had a dedicated blower. As a result of this intervention, we proceeded to study the blower operating profile, verifying that the operating time in the optimal frequency inverter zone increased from 1% to 59%. In the same building, the centralized vacuum production does not have the frequency inverter that is, on on/off . Thus, we evaluated the advantage of installing an external frequency inverter, verifying that this would allow an 66.8% savings. However, this procedure is not recommended by the supplier. In the second building, the central vacuum producing system consists of two pumps without frequency converter, having one damaged and the other one with some malfunction. As seen a vacuum pump guaranties its own needs, and so, concluded that the maximum operating range of the building in question was 56.5%. Under this assumption, we evaluated the hance of buying a new vacuum pump without the frequency inverter and with the possibility of installing a variable external frequency. To solve the problem in this building the best option would be the purchase of an external frequency inverter allowing annual savings of 45.9% with a long return on investment of about 1 year and 8 months. Regarding the compressed air, the centralized system consists of two compressors which operate alternately and ensure the needs of both buildings. It was verified that the second building represents 90% of the compressed air consumption while the first building represents only 10%.
Description
Keywords
Otimização energética Ar comprimido Blower Bomba de vácuo Variador de frequência Dimensionamento de compressores Energy optimization Compressed air Vacuum pump Frequency inverter Compressor dimensioning