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Entorse da tibiotársica e risco de instabilidade crónica no futebol feminino: uma revisão narrativa
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A entorse do tornozelo é uma lesão com elevada incidência no desporto, em particular no futebol feminino. Em casos de tratamento inadequado ou insuficiente, a par com um conjunto de fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos, surge o aparecimento de um quadro de queixas residuais que se prolonga no tempo, dando origem à instabilidade crónica do tornozelo. Os défices funcionais e mecânicos resultantes desta condição limitam o impacto funcional e a performance desportiva. A atuação nesses défices torna-se essencial, através de programas de prevenção, intervenção e gestão adequados a esta população-alvo. Analisar criticamente a literatura existente sobre a associação entre entorses da tibiotársica e o desenvolvimento de instabilidade crónica em jogadoras de futebol, identificando fatores de risco, consequências funcionais e estratégias de reabilitação. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura entre 2007 e 2025, através das bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect e EBSCO. Foram incluídos estudos originais em português e inglês, que abordassem o tema de interesse, com foco em populações atléticas, privilegiando jogadoras de futebol feminino. Estudos confirmam uma taxa de incidência de entorses no futebol feminino que desenvolvem instabilidade crónica do tornozelo. A história prévia de entorse surge como o fator de risco mais consistente, embora diferenças anatómicas e estruturais entre sexos permitam identificar uma maior taxa de ocorrência no sexo feminino. Défices funcionais e mecânicos estão associados, com necessidade de integração de programas neuromusculares e propriocetivos, quando combinados com manipulação, treino de força e educação. A literatura aponta para a etiologia multifatorial desta condição, mas permanece marcada por heterogeneidade metodológica e sub-representação feminina, limitando as evidências atuais.
Ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries in sports, particularly in women’s football. When treatment is inadequate or insufficient, combined with a set of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, residual complaints may persist over time, leading to chronic ankle instability (CAI). The resulting mechanical and functional deficits limit functional capacity and sports performance. Addressing these deficits is therefore essential through prevention, intervention, and management programs tailored to this target population. To critically analyze the existing literature on the association between ankle sprains and the development of chronic ankle instability in female football players, identifying risk factors, functional consequences, and rehabilitation strategies. Methods: A literature review was conducted covering the period from 2007 to 2025, using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO databases. Original studies published in Portuguese and English were included, focusing on athletic populations, with particular emphasis on female football players. Studies confirm a high incidence of ankle sprains in women’s football, with a proportion of cases progressing to chronic ankle instability. A previous history of ankle sprain emerges as the most consistent risk factor, although anatomical and structural differences between sexes suggest a higher prevalence in female athletes. Both mechanical and functional deficits are implicated, highlighting the need for neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs. When combined with manual therapy, strength training, and educational interventions, these programs appear to optimize recovery and reduce recurrence. The literature indicates a multifactorial etiology for chronic ankle instability, but remains marked by methodological heterogeneity and the underrepresentation of female athletes, limiting the strength and generalizability of current evidence.
Ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries in sports, particularly in women’s football. When treatment is inadequate or insufficient, combined with a set of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, residual complaints may persist over time, leading to chronic ankle instability (CAI). The resulting mechanical and functional deficits limit functional capacity and sports performance. Addressing these deficits is therefore essential through prevention, intervention, and management programs tailored to this target population. To critically analyze the existing literature on the association between ankle sprains and the development of chronic ankle instability in female football players, identifying risk factors, functional consequences, and rehabilitation strategies. Methods: A literature review was conducted covering the period from 2007 to 2025, using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO databases. Original studies published in Portuguese and English were included, focusing on athletic populations, with particular emphasis on female football players. Studies confirm a high incidence of ankle sprains in women’s football, with a proportion of cases progressing to chronic ankle instability. A previous history of ankle sprain emerges as the most consistent risk factor, although anatomical and structural differences between sexes suggest a higher prevalence in female athletes. Both mechanical and functional deficits are implicated, highlighting the need for neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs. When combined with manual therapy, strength training, and educational interventions, these programs appear to optimize recovery and reduce recurrence. The literature indicates a multifactorial etiology for chronic ankle instability, but remains marked by methodological heterogeneity and the underrepresentation of female athletes, limiting the strength and generalizability of current evidence.
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Palavras-chave
Entorse da tibiotársica Instabilidade crónica Futebol feminino