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Abstract(s)
Os transportes ferroviários são meios de locomoção altamente eficientes para transporte intraurbano e suburbano em países desenvolvidos ou em vias de desenvolvimento.
Milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo utilizam transportes ferroviários para viajar, seja na sua deslocação diária de trabalho, deslocação excecional ou sazonal, por exemplo por lazer. O transporte de mercadorias pode também ser realizado por meio ferroviário, tendo inúmeras vantagens face a outros transportes terrestres, nomeadamente o transporte rodoviário. Por isso a importância da ferrovia no desenvolvimento económico e social das sociedades é clara, sendo fundamental manter a sua segurança. Para manter os padrões de segurança ferroviária, entidades responsáveis fazem inspeções regulares para evitar possíveis acidentes devido à fadiga ou avarias das linhas ferroviárias, manter a normal conservação do estado da linha e corrigir o desgaste devido à exploração do serviço. Uma das ferramentas mais importantes e úteis para esta finalidade e que tem recebido muita atenção nos últimos anos, é a utilização de metodologias de sensores óticos associadas ao uso de veículos aéreos não tripulados. Assim, com a modelação da informação obtida com estas metodologias, é possível produzir modelos tridimensionais, com informação geométrica e semântica do corredor ferroviário, nomeadamente os elementos constituintes das linhas férreas (carris, travessas, laje de fundação da via, entre outros) e restantes infraestruturas associadas (catenária, guardas corpos, sinalização, entre outros).
Esses modelos podem ser usados como base para fins de execução, planeamento, inspeção e monitorização. Para estudos, projetos de execução e planeamento um modelo realizado com recurso a metodologias baseadas em Building Information Modelling, pode oferecer uma melhoria económica em termos de prazos, erros e omissões e uma melhoria qualitativa em termos de produção de projeto e entrega de informação. As vantagens da utilização de modelos 3D para inspeção e monotorização assente na utilização de metodologias de Reality Capture incluem a identificação de distorções e deformações de trilhos, medição de folgas de gabaritos por simulação de transito de vários veículos ao longo da rota, resposta rápida a problemas com a via e a criação de um histórico de dados atualizado para manutenção e registo de ocorrências em ferrovias.
Rail transport is a highly efficient means of transportation for intra-urban and suburban transport in developed and developing countries. Millions of people all over the world use rail transport to travel, whether on their daily commute for work, exceptional or seasonal travel, for example for leisure. The transport of goods can also be carried out by rail transport, having numerous advantages compared to other land transport, namely road transport. Therefore, the importance of the railway infrastructure in the economic and social development of societies is clear, and it is essential to maintain its safety. To maintain railway safety standards, stakeholders carry out regular inspections to avoid possible accidents due to fatigue or damage to railway lines, maintain the normal condition of the line and correct wear and tear due to operating of the service. One of the most important and useful tools for this purpose, which has received a lot of attention in recent years, is the application of optical sensor methodologies associated with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Thus, with the modelling of the information obtained with these methodologies, it is possible to produce three-dimensional models, with geometric and semantic information of the railway corridor, namely the railway lines (rails, sleepers, track foundation slab, among others) and other associated infrastructures (catenary, guardrails, signalling, among others). These models can be used as a basis for execution, planning, inspection and monitoring purposes. For studies, execution and planning projects, a model made using methodologies based on Building Information Modelling, can offer an economic improvement in terms of deadline abidance or reduction, errors and omissions and a qualitative improvement in terms of project production and information delivery. The advantages of using 3D models for inspection and monitoring based on the use of Reality Capture methodologies include the identification of distortions and deformations of tracks, measurement of clearances of templates by simulating the traffic of several vehicles along the route, quick response to problems on the track and creating an up-to-date data history for infrastructure maintenance and event recording.
Rail transport is a highly efficient means of transportation for intra-urban and suburban transport in developed and developing countries. Millions of people all over the world use rail transport to travel, whether on their daily commute for work, exceptional or seasonal travel, for example for leisure. The transport of goods can also be carried out by rail transport, having numerous advantages compared to other land transport, namely road transport. Therefore, the importance of the railway infrastructure in the economic and social development of societies is clear, and it is essential to maintain its safety. To maintain railway safety standards, stakeholders carry out regular inspections to avoid possible accidents due to fatigue or damage to railway lines, maintain the normal condition of the line and correct wear and tear due to operating of the service. One of the most important and useful tools for this purpose, which has received a lot of attention in recent years, is the application of optical sensor methodologies associated with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Thus, with the modelling of the information obtained with these methodologies, it is possible to produce three-dimensional models, with geometric and semantic information of the railway corridor, namely the railway lines (rails, sleepers, track foundation slab, among others) and other associated infrastructures (catenary, guardrails, signalling, among others). These models can be used as a basis for execution, planning, inspection and monitoring purposes. For studies, execution and planning projects, a model made using methodologies based on Building Information Modelling, can offer an economic improvement in terms of deadline abidance or reduction, errors and omissions and a qualitative improvement in terms of project production and information delivery. The advantages of using 3D models for inspection and monitoring based on the use of Reality Capture methodologies include the identification of distortions and deformations of tracks, measurement of clearances of templates by simulating the traffic of several vehicles along the route, quick response to problems on the track and creating an up-to-date data history for infrastructure maintenance and event recording.
Description
Keywords
Infraestruturas de Transporte Modelos Digitais Reality Capture Building Information Modelling Transport Infrastructures Digital Models