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Authors
Abstract(s)
Face aos elevados custos energéticos que o setor cerâmico patenteia, torna-se como vetor
primordial a gestão energética, que revela ser um fator chave para evolução e sucesso destas
empresas nos mercados atualmente tão exigentes.
O presente trabalho, foi realizado na empresa ARCH Valadares, com o objetivo de
caracterizar e avaliar o modo como a energia é gerida numa das secções, a olaria 1.
Inicialmente foi feito um levantamento energético, tendo-se verificado que a utilidade mais
consumida é o gás natural com 68%, e a restante parte corresponde a energia elétrica. Da
energia elétrica consumida, a maior parte, 96%, é utilizada na iluminação, na ventilação e na
renovação do ar, e uma pequena parte, 4%, é utilizada no vazamento das peças, sob a forma
de ar comprimido. A obtenção destes dados permitiu direcionar este estudo no sentido da
racionalização do consumo de gás natural.
Desta forma, foram estudadas e sugeridas algumas medidas de otimização energética a
aplicar, quer nos geradores de calor, quer na olaria. Relativamente aos geradores, pelo facto
destes apresentarem perdas térmicas entre 141 kW e 316 kW, sugeriu-se a sua verificação e
manutenção. Em relação à cobertura da olaria, esta apresenta-se bastante danificada e por
isso foi sugerido a sua substituição e/ou isolamento. Neste estudo foi avaliada a viabilidade
económica procedendo ao seu isolamento com painéis semi-rígidos de lã de vidro, tendo-se
obtido um tempo de retorno do investimento de cerca de 8 meses.
Foram também estudadas as características das peças cerâmicas em termos da sua
humidade crítica e do tempo necessário à sua permanência na olaria. Para isso foram feitos
ensaios experimentais com um provete do mesmo material obtendo-se o valor da humidade
crítica de 15%, tendo-se verificado que o tempo permanência das peças estudadas é maior
do que seria necessário.
Uma vez que a secagem é um processo fundamental no fabrico das peças sanitárias, foram
reavaliadas as condições operatórias na olaria em termos de temperatura, humidade e
renovação do ar, podendo-se concluir que as condições ótimas são 40ºC, 80% e 1,3 m.s-1.
Due to the high energy costs that the ceramic sector have shown, energy management is an essential vector that is a key of the evolution and success of these companies in today's demanding markets. The present work was performed in ARCH Valadares company, with the purpose of characterizing and evaluating the way the energy is controlled in one of the sections, olaria 1. Initially was made an energetic survey, were it was found that, the natural gas is the most utility consumed, with 68%, and the remaining part corresponds to electric energy. In all the electric energy consumed, the majority, 96%, is used in lighting, ventilation and air renewal, and a small part, 4%, is used in the casting of parts, in the form of compressed air. These data allowed to point this study towards rationalization of natural gas consumption. To do this, some actions have been studied and suggested, not only in some actions to apply not only in heat generators equipment but also in the pottery space. As a result of the existence of heat losses between 141 kW and 316 kW, it was suggested that these equipments must be checked and maintained. In relation to the damaged pottery cover, a replacement and/or insulation has been suggested. The potential economic viability of the insulation with semirigid panels of glass wood was evaluated in this study, and the expected payback period is 8 months. The characteristics of the ceramic pieces have been studied, in terms of their critical humidity and the time required for their permanence in the pottery space. In order to do this, experimental tests were carried out with a specimen of the same material, and it was verified that the time of permanence of the pieces is bigger than necessary. Since drying is a fundamental process in the manufacture of sanitary ware, the operation conditions have been reviewed in terms of temperature, humidity and air renewal. It can be concluded that the optimum conditions are 40ºC, 80% and 1.3 m.s -1.
Due to the high energy costs that the ceramic sector have shown, energy management is an essential vector that is a key of the evolution and success of these companies in today's demanding markets. The present work was performed in ARCH Valadares company, with the purpose of characterizing and evaluating the way the energy is controlled in one of the sections, olaria 1. Initially was made an energetic survey, were it was found that, the natural gas is the most utility consumed, with 68%, and the remaining part corresponds to electric energy. In all the electric energy consumed, the majority, 96%, is used in lighting, ventilation and air renewal, and a small part, 4%, is used in the casting of parts, in the form of compressed air. These data allowed to point this study towards rationalization of natural gas consumption. To do this, some actions have been studied and suggested, not only in some actions to apply not only in heat generators equipment but also in the pottery space. As a result of the existence of heat losses between 141 kW and 316 kW, it was suggested that these equipments must be checked and maintained. In relation to the damaged pottery cover, a replacement and/or insulation has been suggested. The potential economic viability of the insulation with semirigid panels of glass wood was evaluated in this study, and the expected payback period is 8 months. The characteristics of the ceramic pieces have been studied, in terms of their critical humidity and the time required for their permanence in the pottery space. In order to do this, experimental tests were carried out with a specimen of the same material, and it was verified that the time of permanence of the pieces is bigger than necessary. Since drying is a fundamental process in the manufacture of sanitary ware, the operation conditions have been reviewed in terms of temperature, humidity and air renewal. It can be concluded that the optimum conditions are 40ºC, 80% and 1.3 m.s -1.
Description
Keywords
Cerâmica Otimização energética Secagem Ceramic Energetic optimization Drying