Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit kinematics in older adults with and without functional disability: A principal component analysis

Moreira, Juliana; Cunha, Bruno; Félix, José; Santos, Rubim; Sousa, Andreia S. P.; Rubim Silva Santos, Manuel; Pinheiro de Sousa, Andreia Sofia; Santos Moreira, Juliana

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/31205

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Authors

Rubim Silva Santos, Manuel

Pinheiro de Sousa, Andreia Sofia

Santos Moreira, Juliana

Abstract(s)

Sit- to-Stand (Sit- TS) and Stand-to-Sit (Stand- TS) transitions are essential daily movements affected by ageing and disability. This study aimed toexplore related kinematic domains in older adults with and without disability. A cross-sectional study including adults aged 60 years or older, with(n = 25) and without disability (n = 35). Comparisons between groups includedtask time, centre of mass (CoM) acceleration, postural sway and principal com-ponent (PC) scores for each task. Principal component models (PCMs) includedlower limb and trunk tridimensional joint ranges of motion, angular velocityrange, CoM displacement and velocity along each Sit-TS (flexion, momentumtransfer, extension and stabilisation) and Stand-TS (initiation, flexion, momen-tum transfer and extension) phases. Older adults with functional disability exhibited increased Sit-TS peakantero-posterior CoM acceleration (p = .02). The Sit-TS and Stand-TS PCMs in-cluded nine PCs each. In Sit-TS, the first three explained half the variance: PC1captured transverse hip and knee stabilisation kinematics, PC2 described trunkand hip frontal and transverse control during flexion, and PC3 represented sagittalknee and ankle control during momentum transfer and extension. In Stand-TS,variance was more distributed (PC1 describing frontal hip and knee flexion ve-locity, PC2 sagittal trunk and hip extension velocity, and PC3 vertical CoM veloc-ity at extension). Significant group differences emerged in PC4 (transverse kneeand frontal hip kinematics) and PC9 (sagittal and frontal trunk angular velocityranges during momentum transfer). Both transitions revealed distinct joint and trunk control de-mands. Principal components involving transverse knee, frontal hip and trunkangular velocities distinguished disability groups, with Stand-TS showing greaterdiscriminative power.

Keywords

Activities of daily living Biomechanical phenomena Factor analysis Statistical Geriatrics

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/31205

Citation

Moreira, J., Cunha, B., Félix, J., Santos, R., & Sousa, A. S. P. (2025). Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit kinematics in older adults with and without functional disability: A principal component analysis. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 44(3), e70089. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.70089