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Abordagem Holística dos Fatores de Risco, Riscos e Consequências no Âmbito Psicossocial em Contexto Laboral
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Abstract(s)
Os riscos psicossociais têm vindo a ganhar preponderância ao longos dos últimos anos devido às alterações do contexto laboral que propiciam o seu aparecimento, atraindo consequentemente a atenção da comunidade científica para o estudo desta problemática. Existem vários fatores que estão a montante destes riscos. O elevado ritmo de trabalho, a repetitividade das tarefas, a baixa participação na tomada de decisões são apenas alguns dos exemplos destes fatores. As consequências da exposição a estes riscos têm impactos significativos a nível pessoal, organizacional e da sociedade em geral.
Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo efetuar uma análise e discussão crítica da produção científica dos últimos vinte anos sobre fatores de risco, riscos e consequências, no âmbito psicossocial do trabalho. Para alcançar este objetivo foi efetuada uma revisão sistemática de literatura e, complementarmente, foi realizada uma análise bibliométrica com recurso ao software Bibliometrix R-Tool.
O suporte social desempenha um papel central na temática dos riscos psicossociais no trabalho. Trata-se de um fator protetor que permite mitigar os efeitos nefastos dos fatores psicossociais. O suporte social revela-se determinante na prevenção de situações de stress.
O conflito vida profissional-pessoal tem vindo a ganhar preponderância, fruto das modificações ocorridas nos últimos anos, no ambiente psicossocial laboral. Estudos revelam o efeito direto deste fator psicossocial para o desenvolvimento de problemas cardiovasculares, stress e burnout.
Em termos gerais, salienta-se que a área da saúde apresenta uma maior densidade de publicações relativamente a outras áreas. Contudo, convém salientar que os riscos psicossociais afetam todos os setores de atividade. Relativamente à metodologia adotada nas publicações, denota-se uma prevalência de estudos de caráter quantitativo, sendo o questionário, a ferramenta mais utilizada para aferir estes riscos.
A combinação com metodologias qualitativas (e.g. observações in situ, entrevistas aos colaboradores, focus group) permitiria a obtenção de informação mais rica e com uma maior aproximação à realidade existente, assim como, a elaboração de medidas com vista a eliminar ou reduzir os riscos para os trabalhadores
Psychosocial risks have been gaining prominence over the last few years due to changes in the labour context that lead to their appearance, consequently attracting the attention of the scientific community to the study of this issue. There are several factors behind these risks. The high pace of work, repetitive tasks and low participation in decision-making are just a few examples of these factors. The consequences of exposure to these risks have significant impacts on people, organisations and society in general. The aim of this study is therefore to analyse and critically discuss the scientific output of the last twenty years on psychosocial risk factors, psychosocial risks and consequences in the workplace. In order to achieve this objective, a systematic literature review was carried out and, in addition, a bibliometric analysis was carried out using the Bibliometrix R-Tool software. Social support plays a central role in the issue of psychosocial risks at work. It is a protective factor that mitigates the harmful effects of psychosocial factors. Social support is decisive in preventing stressful situations. Work-life conflict has become increasingly important as a result of the changes that have taken place in recent years in the psychosocial environment at work. Studies show that this psychosocial factor has a direct effect on the development of cardiovascular problems, stress and burnout. In general terms, the health sector has a higher density of publications than other areas. However, it should be emphasised that psychosocial risks affect all sectors of activity. With regard to the methodology adopted in the publications, there is a prevalence of quantitative studies, with the questionnaire being the tool most used to measure these risks. Combining this with qualitative methodologies (e.g. on-site observations, employee interviews, focus groups) would make it possible to obtain richer information that is closer to the existing reality, as well as to draw up measures to eliminate or reduce the risks to workers.
Psychosocial risks have been gaining prominence over the last few years due to changes in the labour context that lead to their appearance, consequently attracting the attention of the scientific community to the study of this issue. There are several factors behind these risks. The high pace of work, repetitive tasks and low participation in decision-making are just a few examples of these factors. The consequences of exposure to these risks have significant impacts on people, organisations and society in general. The aim of this study is therefore to analyse and critically discuss the scientific output of the last twenty years on psychosocial risk factors, psychosocial risks and consequences in the workplace. In order to achieve this objective, a systematic literature review was carried out and, in addition, a bibliometric analysis was carried out using the Bibliometrix R-Tool software. Social support plays a central role in the issue of psychosocial risks at work. It is a protective factor that mitigates the harmful effects of psychosocial factors. Social support is decisive in preventing stressful situations. Work-life conflict has become increasingly important as a result of the changes that have taken place in recent years in the psychosocial environment at work. Studies show that this psychosocial factor has a direct effect on the development of cardiovascular problems, stress and burnout. In general terms, the health sector has a higher density of publications than other areas. However, it should be emphasised that psychosocial risks affect all sectors of activity. With regard to the methodology adopted in the publications, there is a prevalence of quantitative studies, with the questionnaire being the tool most used to measure these risks. Combining this with qualitative methodologies (e.g. on-site observations, employee interviews, focus groups) would make it possible to obtain richer information that is closer to the existing reality, as well as to draw up measures to eliminate or reduce the risks to workers.
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Fatores de Risco Riscos Psicossociais Consequências Saúde Mental
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Without CC licence