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- Enterprises' internationalisation strategy: skills in exportation and customs lawPublication . dias pinto ribeiro, maria clara; Carmo, Maria da Conceição Melo da Silva Gomes doEconomical development has always been connected to the commercial exchanges between people, due to the necessity to suppress their needs. With the increasing growth of international business and more competitive and demanding markets, exportation has become an important first step to internationalisation. Unlike what happened in the past, companies must be aware that the enrolment in the current global market is risky and requires elaborated technical procedures. Internationalisation should not be treated as an isolated event of business management. The first part of this paper aims to understand the export process and fit it in the current stage of international trade, keeping in mind the framework of export under the customs law. Then, we tried to understand how Portuguese companies should face this process in their internationalisation strategy, and what skills organisations must acquire to be able to export competitively in the current scenario of globalisation. The investigation was based on interviews in companies that, through a process of internationalisation by exportation, have implemented themselves strongly in extern markets. This investigation allowed us to analyse the companies’ motivations to become international, as well as the selection criteria for the export destinations. It was also possible to identify the main obstacles to the internationalisation of Portuguese companies. We concluded that companies that choose exportation as a way to become international acquire specific skills that enable them to become competitive in international trade. However, studies have failed to answer the second initial question about whether the measures implemented by Customs potentiate exports.
- Competitividade externa de commodities brasileiras: o caso das rochas ornamentais e de revestimentoPublication . Pereira, Raquel; Dias Pinto Ribeiro, Maria Clara; Castro, LuizThe international trade of marble and granite products, in particular that of ornamental stones and cladding material, has seen, in recent decades, a marked increase in world demand and trade. In this sector, Brazil is a major world player, either as a producer or as exporter. In this sense, it is important to identify which are the factors and the competitive advantages of Brazilian exports of these commodities. The approach followed in this study was based on an ex-post analysis, through the calculation of some international trade indicators, in the 2004-2015 period, namely the Revealed Comparative Advantages Index (RCAI), the Regional Orientation Index (ROI) and the Constant Market Share (CMS) model. The goal is to analyze the performance of Brazilian exports, of the main ornamental and cladding rocks, and to identify their main sources of growth, compared to world exports. The results indicate that, on an aggregate perspective, Brazil has comparative advantages in the entire period (2004-2015), as well as an increase in the share of Brazilian exports in the international market in the recent period, 2012-2015. The ROI results indicate that the Brazilian exports of these products are moving towards the United States of America (USA) and, to a lesser extent, to Italy, Mexico, Canada and Taiwan. Also, the US presents the most dynamic growth rate for the ROI. In addition, the results indicate that some traditional European markets such as the United Kingdom and Spain, are losing relative importance as destination markets for Brazilian exports of these commodities. Regarding the main sources of exports growth, in the first two subperiods, 2004-2007 and 2008-2011, the results indicate that the Brazilian export growth, for the whole sector, was due, mainly, to the growth effect of world trade and that the competitiveness effect was negative in both subperiods. For the most recent period, 2012-2015, the results indicate that the destination effect of exports seems to be the main source of the Brazilian exports growth of these products. Additionally, in this period, the competitiveness effect reaches a positive value. Recognizing the methodology limitations, which can’t identify the variables that determined Brazil's competitiveness in these commodities trade, the results indicate that Brazilian exporters of these commodities may increase exports, especially to new markets with a very dynamic demand.
- O empreendedorismo no setor público existe? Uma revisão da literaturaPublication . Pereira, Raquel; dias pinto ribeiro, maria claraBecause of its relevance as a key factor for development and economic growth, the study and application of entrepreneurship, as an area of knowledge, is in constant development. Although still incipient, the study of entrepreneurship applied to the public sector, and to the public manager's performance, as entrepreneurs, has been a subject of growing interest. In order to contribute to a better conceptual understanding of this theme, namely its questions, ideas and current debate, this paper presents some theoretical reflections and a literature review about entrepreneurship (intrapreneurship) in the public sector context.
- The impact of safety politics in the current globalization contextPublication . Carmo, Luís António Albuquerque do; dias pinto ribeiro, maria claraThe globalization is a process of economical, social, cultural and political integration motivated by the needs generated by a consumption-orientated society and a set of factors that have led to its development, such as reducing transport costs, the technological advancement and the development of communication networks. However, the phenomenon of globalization has been accompanied by increasing levels of insecurity as a result of various types of threats and transnational crimes that the International Community seeks to control and minimize. Throughout this work, we examined how the globalization process has been developing and how nations are able to maintain security levels consistent with their economical status and social development, without disturbing the normal course of organizations’ economical activity and the well-being of people. From the investigation developed we concluded that, besides the confirmation that economic integration and the opening of markets have influence on internal consumption, market globalization and migrations have been causing modifications in the consumption habits. We also concluded that the security measures implemented by States or by the International Community affect international trade, but do not imply disproportionate costs or significant delays in transactions. Likewise, we concluded that the control measures implemented in international trade are sufficient to ensure the safety of the people and nations, enabling us to confirm two of the three conjectures raised in this study.
- Eficiência e concentração na indústria bancáriaPublication . Martins,Francisco Vitorino da Silva; dias pinto ribeiro, maria claraO objectivo deste trabalho é a análise da eficiência produtiva e dos efeitos da concentração sobre os custos bancários, tendo por base a indústria bancária portuguesa. O carácter multiproduto da empresa bancária sugere a necessidade de se adoptar formas multiproduto da função custo (tipo Fourier). Introduzimos variáveis de homogeneidade e de estrutura que permitem o recurso a formas funcionais uniproduto (Cobb-Douglas) à banca. A amostra corresponde a 22 bancos que operavam em Portugal entre 1995-2001, base não consolidada e dados em painel. Para o estudo da ineficiência recorreu-se ao modelo estocástico da curva fronteira (SFA), para as duas especificações. Na análise da concentração, introduziram-se variáveis binárias que pretendem captar os efeitos durante quatro anos após a concentração. Tanto no caso da SFA como no da concentração, os resultados encontrados são sensíveis à especificação funcional adoptada. Concluindo, o processo de concentração bancário parece justificar-se pela possibilidade da diminuição da ineficiência-X.
- A Evolução estrutural da banca portuguesa no contexto europeu - estudo econométrico das funções de produção bancária (1982-1992)Publication . dias pinto ribeiro, maria claraA Evolução estrutural da banca portuguesa no contexto europeu - estudo econométrico das funções de produção bancária (1982-1992)
- Eficiência e concentração na indústria bancáriaPublication . dias pinto ribeiro, maria claraO objectivo deste trabalho é a análise da eficiência produtiva e dos efeitos da concentração sobre os custos bancários, tendo por base a indústria bancária portuguesa. O carácter multiproduto da empresa bancária sugere a necessidade de se adoptar formas multiproduto da função custo (tipo Fourier). Introduzimos variáveis de homogeneidade e de estrutura que permitem o recurso a formas funcionais uniproduto (Cobb-Douglas) à banca. A amostra corresponde a 22 bancos que operavam em Portugal entre 1995-2001, base não consolidada e dados em painel. Para o estudo da ineficiência recorreu-se ao modelo estocástico da curva fronteira (SFA), para as duas especificações. Na análise da concentração, introduziram-se variáveis binárias que pretendem captar os efeitos durante quatro anos após a concentração. Tanto no caso da SFA como no da concentração, os resultados encontrados são sensíveis à especificação funcional adoptada. Concluindo, o processo de concentração bancário parece justificar-se pela possibilidade da diminuição da ineficiência-X. This study addresses the productive efficiency and the effects of concentration over the banking costs, stressing its focus on the Portuguese banking market. The multiproduct character of the banking firm suggests the use of functional forms as Fourier. The introduction of variables of structure and of homogeneity allows the association of the banking activity (multiproduct) with a single product function (Cobb-Douglas type). The sample covers 22 banks which operated in Portugal from 1995-2001, non consolidated base with a panel data structure. The study about inefficiency is elaborated through the stochastic frontier model (SFA), for the two specifications selected. As a methodology to analyze the concentration, we introduced binary variables, which intend to catch the effects through four years after the concentration process. The results obtained, through SFA and concentration approach, are influenced by the kind of specifications selected. Summing up, the concentration process of the Banking Industry sounds to be justified by the possibility of the X-inefficiency.
- Economias de escala e de gama e eficiência produtiva - aplicação econométrica à banca portuguesa nos anos de 1996 e 1997Publication . dias pinto ribeiro, maria claraEconomias de escala e de gama e eficiência produtiva - aplicação econométrica à banca portuguesa nos anos de 1996 e 1997