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- Financial Benefit Analysis of an Electric Water Heater with Direct Load Control in Demand ResponsePublication . Ahmed, MT; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaThe peak demand reduction during peak hour is a challenge to the retail energy providers. Demand response program plays a major role to fulfil this purpose. The small household appliances like electric water heater can participate in the demand response program by aggregating it in the smart building energy management system. This paper discusses demand response possibilities of a residential electric water heater, the overall consumption profile, temperature profile and the financial benefit in the consumer level. The direct load control demand response method in yearly timeframe is proposed and applied. Realtime electricity pricing with incentive-based demand response is considered and applied to the direct load control with financial benefit to the consumers. The study includes the difference between normal consumption and consumption after using DLC, normal temperature profile and temperature profiling after DLC. The results exhibit that there is significant energy consumption reduction in the consumer level without making any discomfort.
- Electric Water Heater Modeling, DR Approaches Analysis and Study of Consumer Comfort for Demand ResponsePublication . Ahmed; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaWith the smart energy management system household residential appliances is able to participate in the demand response events. To reduce peak load demand and complexities in the local infrastructure DR can play an important role now a days. This paper presents a study and analysis of several papers on residential EWH DR modeling and implementation. It shows an overview of analysis of the most used and recent DR models for EWH. It also shows the analysis of the used methods to model this and the used approach in several papers. Additionally, the discussed consumer comforts and obtainable benefits in several papers by participating in DR events is also shown here. The study and analysis in this paper will contribute to the future research and encourage the end users to participate in households DR events.
- Demonstration of Electric Water Heater DR Possibility with Financial Benefit AnalysisPublication . Ahmed, MT; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaThe household small electrical appliances can participate in demand response events to support the local electrical infrastructures. Demand response (DR) plays a major role by reducing peak load consumption and controlling distributed generations. This paper presents a demonstration of DR participation of a water heater with financial benefit analysis by using a convenience tool. It also discusses a residential water heater DR possibility by analyzing the obtained data. The smart grid concept with building energy management system, DR flexibility and financial benefits are also discussed here. The main framework of the task consists of electric water heater modeling with several parameters and planning for the DR participation. The overall model is also demonstrated here with the execution of the planned tasks. The results obtained by using this tool is also represented graphically for the demonstration in the paper. It shows that the proposed methodological analysis is financially beneficial for both consumers and aggregators.
- Electric Water Heater Modelling for Direct Load Control Demand ResponsePublication . Ahmed, MT; Faria, Pedro; Abrishambaf, Omid; Vale, ZitaHome Energy Management System creates the scopes to small household electrical appliances users to participate in the demand response programs. Among several load controllable electrical household appliances water heater is more suitable. Integration of water heater is considered to manage the demand response events that can contribute to smart grid technology. This paper represents a thermodynamic load model for a water heater, which is considered as to be controlled through direct load control for demand response program. The daily electricity consumption and temperature profile of the heater is also considered, the direct load control method is activated to the heater as soon as the energy consumption reaches to 1 kW, with the effects the device is turned off for next one hour. In results, it gained a significant reduction in the electricity consumption for the users without making any discomfort as temperature does not reduce to disruption level. Real time electricity pricing is also compared which implied financial benefit to the consumers. The result exhibit that the method applied to this heater can contribute and participate in the demand response events.