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- An Open Source Framework Approach to Support Condition Monitoring and MaintenancePublication . Campos, Jaime; Sharma, Pankaj; Albano, Michele; Ferreira, Luís Lino; Larrañaga, MartinThis paper discusses the integration of emergent ICTs, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), the Arrowhead Framework, and the best practices from the area of condition monitoring and maintenance. These technologies are applied, for instance, for roller element bearing fault diagnostics and analysis by simulating faults. The authors first undertook the leading industry standards for condition-based maintenance (CBM), i.e., open system architecture–condition-based maintenance (OSA–CBM) and Machinery Information Management Open System Alliance (MIMOSA), which has been working towards standardizing the integration and interchangeability between systems. In addition, this paper highlights the predictive health monitoring methods that are needed for an effective CBM approach. The monitoring of industrial machines is discussed as well as the necessary details are provided regarding a demonstrator built on a metal sheet bending machine of the Greenbender family. Lastly, the authors discuss the benefits of the integration of the developed prototypes into a service-oriented platform, namely the Arrowhead Framework, which can be instrumental for the remotization of maintenance activities, such as the analysis of various equipment that are geographically distributed, to push forward the grand vision of the servitization of predictive health monitoring methods for large-scale interoperability.
- Advanced sensor-based maintenance in real-world exemplary casesPublication . Albano, Michele; Lino Ferreira, Luis; Orio, Giovanni Di; Maló, Pedro; Webers, Godfried; Jantunen, Erkki; Gabilondo, Iosu; Viguera, Mikel; Papa, GregorCollecting complex information on the status of machinery is the enabler for advanced maintenance activities, and one of the main players in this process is the sensor. This paper describes modern maintenance strategies that lead to Condition-Based Maintenance. This paper discusses the sensors that can be used to support maintenance, as of different categories, spanning from common off-the-shelf sensors, to specialized sensors monitoring very specific characteristics, and to virtual sensors. This paper also presents four different real-world examples of project pilots that make use of the described sensors and draws a comparison between them. In particular, each scenario has unique characteristics requiring different families of sensors, but on the other hand provides similar characteristics on other aspects.
- Introduction to the special section on Real time computing and distributed systemsPublication . García-Valls, Marisol; Lino Ferreira, LuisModern distributed systems are increasingly complex both on their architectural design and on the computational logic that they execute. Their timely operation is challenged, which is critical for some domains such as cyber-physical systems where timeliness and dynamic behavior must be satisfied simultaneously. Providing real-time operation whereas supporting the inherent dynamic behavior of cyber-physical systems requires solutions that are not yet available. A number of challenging scientific and engineering problems that span across a variety of research areas are raised. The new challenges go far beyond those of traditional networked real-time systems; cyber-physical systems are autonomous, open, large-scale, real-time, embedded, and control systems that make intensive use of networks, distribution, and wireless technology. Such complex systems have different [sub]parts/systems with different levels of real-time requirements.
- Platform for Smart Car to Car Content Delivery: Results of CISTER Research Centre within CarCoDe projectPublication . Albano, Michele; Cerqueira, Tiago; Lino Ferreira, Luis; Pinho, Luis Miguel; Pacheco Paulo, FilipeA vehicular mobility model - For simulations on inter-vehicular communication. Both realistic and easy-to-use - Included into the framework “network simulator 3”
- Improving and modeling the performance of a Publish-Subscribe message brokerPublication . Rocha, Rafael; Maia, Cláudio; Lino Ferreira, Luis; Varga, PalThe Event Handler – a publish-subscribe broker implemented over REST/HTTP(S) – is an auxiliary system of the Arrowhead framework for IoT applications. During this work we found that the existing implementation of the Event Handler suffers from serious performance issues. This paper describes the reengineering effort that ultimately enabled it to reach much more acceptable levels of performance, by using appropriate software configurations and design patterns. Additionally, we also illustrate how this enhanced version of the Event Handler can be modeled using Petri nets, to depict the performance impact of different thread pool configurations and CPU core availability. The main objective of this modeling process is to enable the estimation of the system’s performance to guarantee the required quality of service.
- Improved Holistic Analysis for Fork–Join Distributed Real-Time Tasks Supported by the FTT-SE ProtocolPublication . Garibay-Martínez, Ricardo; Nelissen, Geoffrey; Lino Ferreira, Luis; Pedreiras, Paulo; Pinho, Luis MiguelModern distributed real-time embedded applications have high processing requirements associated with strict deadlines. For some applications, such constraints cannot be fulfilled by existing single-core embedded platforms. A solution is to parallelize the execution of the applications, by allowing networked nodes to distribute their workload to remote nodes with spare capacity. In that context, this paper presents a holistic timing analysis for fixed-priority fork-join parallel/distributed tasks. Furthermore, we extend the holistic approach to consider the interaction between parallel threads and messages interchanged through a flexible time triggered switched Ethernet network, and we show how the pessimism on the worst case response time computation of such tasks can be reduced by considering the pipeline effect that occurs in such distributed systems. To evaluate the performance and correctness of the holistic model, this paper includes a numerical evaluation based on a real automotive application. The obtained results show that the proposed method is effective in distributing the load by different nodes, allowing a significant reduction of the worst case response time of the tasks. Moreover, the paper also reports an implementation of the model on a Linux library, called parallel/distributed real-time, as well as the corresponding results obtained on a real testbed. The obtained results are in accordance with the predictions of the holistic timing analysis.
- Current advancements on maintenance for household appliancesPublication . Lino Ferreira, Luis; Albano, Michele; Rocha, Rafael; Costa, Miguel; Machado Silva, Ana; Silva, Marlos; Matos, Luísa; Afonso Landeck, JorgeThis communication describes research and development directions that are being explored for the creation of a maintenance system for home appliances. The solution will enable a faster and more accurate automation of after-sale services for home appliances. It will be based on three tiers: data acquisition, data analysis and business tiers. The communication provides a context for the work, both regarding the application area in general and the three tiers, and then describes the objectives of the system being designed.
- Remote maintenance support with the aid of cyber-physical systems and cloud technologyPublication . Jantunen, Erkki; Gorostegui, Unai; Zurutuza, Urko; Albano, Michele; Lino Ferreira, Luis; Hegedűs, Csaba; Campos, JaimeThis article discusses how a business model based on traditional maintenance can evolve to generate servitization strategies, with the help of remote maintenance support. The application of cyber-physical systems and cloud technologies play a key role for such maintenance purposes. In fact, the utilization of large quantities of data collected on machines and their processing by means of advanced techniques such as machine learning enable novel techniques for condition-based maintenance. New sensor solutions that could be used in maintenance and interaction with cyber-physical systems are also presented. Here, data models are an important part of these techniques because of the huge amounts of data that are produced and should be processed. These data models have been used in a real case, supported by the Machinery Information Management Open System Alliance Open System Architecture for Condition-Based Maintenance standard architecture, for streamlining the modeling of collected data. In this context, an industrial use case is described, to enlighten the application of the presented concepts in a working pilot. Finally, current and future directions for application of cyber-physical systems and cloud technologies to maintenance are discussed.