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- Reference equation of a new incremental step test to assess exercise capacity in the portuguese adult populationPublication . Vilarinho, Rui; Toledo, Ana; Silva, Carla; Melo, Fábio; Tomaz, Leila; Martins, Luana; Gonçalves, Tânia; Melo, Cristina; Caneiras, Cátia; Mesquita Montes, AntónioStep tests are important in community- and home-based rehabilitation programs to assess patients’ exercise capacity. A new incremental step test was developed for this purpose, but its clinical interpretability is currently limited. This study aimed to establish a reference equation for this new incremental step test (IST) for the Portuguese adult population. A cross-sectional study was conducted on people without disabilities. Sociodemographic (age and sex), anthropometric (weight, height, and body mass index), smoking status, and physical activity (using the brief physical activity assessment tool) data were collected. Participants performed two repetitions of the IST and the best test was used to establish the reference equation with a forward stepwise multiple regression. An analysis comparing the results from the reference equation with the actual values was conducted with the Wilcoxon test. A total of 155 adult volunteers were recruited (60.6% female, 47.8 ± 19.7 years), and the reference equation was as follows: steps in IST = 475.52 − (4.68 × age years) + (30.5 × sex), where male = 1 and female = 0, and r2 = 60%. No significant differences were observed between the values performed and those obtained by the equation (p = 0.984). The established equation demonstrated that age and sex were the determinant variables for the variability of the results.
- Effects of radiofrequency on adipose tissue: A systematic review with meta-analysisPublication . Vale, Ana Luísa; Pereira, Ana Sofia; Morais, Andreia; Noites, Andreia; Mendonça, Adriana Clemente; Martins Pinto, Juliana; Vilarinho, Rui; Carvalho, PauloEquipment that acts in the reduction in adipose tissue are becomingwidely investigated. One of the resources that begin to gain recognition is radiofre-quency. To verify the existence of scientific evidence and the methodological qualityof the articles on the effects of radiofrequency in the reduction in adipose tissue. Systematic review with meta‐analysis on the effects of radiofre-quency on adipose tissue. The research was carried out using several databases andincluding experimental studies only in humans. The evaluation of the methodologicalquality of the articles was done based on the PEDro Scale. Twelve articles related with adipose tissue and cellulitis were included.There was a great variability of protocols, and the methodological quality was gen-erally low and the methods most used for the evaluation of results were anthro-pometry, photography, and histopathology. Clinical results suggest a positive effectof radiofrequency on the reduction in adipose tissue, proving an increase in adipo-cyte lipolysis. After statistical analysis, it was verified that the anthropometry pre-sented questionable results. The clinical results of the studies point to the positive effects ofradiofrequency on the reduction in adipose tissue; however, the low methodologicalmake this topic still debatable, requiring more controlled studies.
- Effect of an aerobic exercise session combined with abdominal radiofrequency on lipolytic activity in women: Randomized control trialPublication . Noites, Andreia; Vale, Ana Luísa; Pereira, Ana Sofia; Morais, Andreia; Vilarinho, Rui; Carvalho, Paulo; Amorim, Manuela; Moreira, Teresa; Mendonça, AdrianaAbdominal adiposity is a cardiovascular risk factor; it is assumed that the combination of radiofrequency and physical exercise may decrease this excess of adipose tissue. To understand whether an aerobic physical exercise session associated with abdominal radiofrequency increases the level of lipolytic activity. The study analyzes the effect of a combined aerobic exercise session with radiofrequency. Participants were 30 healthy female volunteers, aged 18-28 years, randomly assigned to an experimental group and placebo group. They were characterized by a sociodemographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The groups performed an abdominal radiofrequency session followed by moderate aerobic exercise, assessing glycerol concentration and lipid profile values before and after the intervention. In the experimental group, a percentage of potency was used that allowed to maintain the temperature between 40º C and 42º C to the epidermis. In the placebo group, the power of the radiofrequency was 0 Watt. To compare results, Student's t test was used for a significance level of 0.05. There were no significant changes in glycerol concentrations between groups (P > 0.05). There were no changes in the lipid profile of both groups after the intervention (P > 0.05). The association of exercise with radiofrequency did not present an increased effect on lipolytic activity when compared to the isolated exercise. The application of this technique is a safe intervention.
- Effect of four sessions of aerobic exercise with abdominal radiofrequency in adipose tissue in healthy women: Randomized control trialPublication . Vale, Ana Luísa; Pereira, Ana Sofia; Morais, Andreia; Carvalho, Paulo; Vilarinho, Rui; Mendonça, Adriana; Noites, AndreiaAbdominal adiposity is a cardiovascular risk factor; it is assumed that the combination of radiofrequency and physical exercise may decrease this excess of adipose tissue. To analyze the effect of four intervention sessions on abdominal adipose tissue. The study analyzes the effect of four sessions of aerobic exercise combined with radiofrequency. Participants were 28 healthy female volunteers, aged 18-28 years, randomly assigned to an experimental group and a placebo group. They were characterized by a sociodemographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The groups performed four sessions of abdominal radiofrequency followed by moderate aerobic exercise, assessing body mass, body mass index, fat mass, waist circumference, waist/height ratio, subcutaneous adipose thickness, and horizontal abdominal adipose fold at the first and fourth sessions. In the experimental group, a percentage of potency was used that allowed to maintain the temperature between 40°C and 42°C to the epidermis. In the placebo group, the power of the radiofrequency was 0 W. To compare results, Student's t test was used for a significance level of 0.05. There was a statistically significant decrease in waist circumference, abdominal subcutaneous adipose thickness, and horizontal abdominal fold in the experimental group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05).
- Reference values for the 1-minute sit-to-stand and 5 times sit-to-stand tests to assess functional capacity: a cross-sectional studyPublication . Vilarinho, Rui; Mesquita Montes, António; Noites, Andreia; Silva, Fátima; Melo, CristinaTo establish age-specific and sex-specific reference values and equations for the 1-minute sit-to-stand (1MSTS) and 5 times sit-to-stand (5TSTS) tests for Portuguese adults. Cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics were explored to compute reference values and reference equations were established with a forward stepwise multiple regression. Community. In total, 546 adult volunteers without disabilities [age range 18 to 95 years; 58% female] were recruited. Data on age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and physical activity were collected using a structured questionnaire developed specifically for this study. Participants performed three repetitions of the 1MSTS and 5TSTS and the best repetition was used for analysis. Normative values were provided by sex for each age decade. Reference equations were: 1MSTS= 61.53 – (0.34 x age) – (3.57 x sex) – (0.33 x BMI), r2=26%; and 5TSTS=3.89 + (0.10 x age) - (0.96 x physical activity), r2=27%. The proposed reference values and equations will help to interpret the results of functional capacity obtained from healthy or diseased adult populations.
- Acute effects of physical exercise with microcurrent in the adipose tissue of the abdominal region: A randomized controlled trialPublication . Noites, Andreia; Moreira, Anabela; Melo, Cristina; Faria, Miriam; Vilarinho, Rui; Freitas, Carla; Monteiro, Pedro; Carvalho, Paulo; Adubeiro, Nuno; Sousa, Maria; Santos, Rubim; Nogueira, LuisaIncreased abdominal fat and sedentary lifestyles contribute to cardiovascular disease risk. Low-intensity electrical current (microcurrent) on the abdominal region, associated with physical exercise, appears to be an innovative method to increase the lipolytic rate of abdominal adipocytes, in order to reduce abdominal fat. This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of microcurrent associated with an aerobic exercise program in healthy subjects in lipolysis. A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was developed and conducted in a higher education school. Eighty-three healthy subjects, aged between 18 and 30 years old and with a 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m2 body mass index were randomly assigned either to an experimental or to a placebo group. Subjects received a trans-abdominal microcurrent stimulation for 40 min with (experimental group) or without (placebo group) electrical current, followed by a single aerobic exercise session (60 min at 45–55% VO2max intensity). Lipolytic activity (serum glycerol), abdominal fat (waist circumference, abdominal skinfold, ultrasonography), and serum lipid profile (serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were evaluated in all subjects. Physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and dietary intake (food-frequency questionnaire) questionnaires were applied. After the intervention, lipolytic rate was significantly higher (p = 0.003) in the experimental group (mean = 0.15) than in the placebo group (mean = 0.09). Glycerol results showed a statistically significant increase between baseline and after the intervention for both experimental group (p = 0.001) and the placebo group (p = 0.001). Combined use of microcurrent and physical aerobic exercise had an acute effect enhancing lipolytic rate comparing to exercise alone, in young healthy subjects.
- Body mass index and visceral fat: correlation with serum lipid profile in healthy young adultsPublication . Moreira, Anabela; Noites, Andreia; Couto, Miriam; Vilarinho, Rui; Melo, Cristina; Sousa, Manuela; Monteiro, Pedro; Carvalho, Paulo; Adubeiro, Nuno; Nogueira, Luisa; Santos, RubimMetabolic and cardiovascular complications and obesity association is well described. Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to assess obesity, but does not reflect body fat distribution. Abdominal obesity, namely visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is associated with greater risk for those metabolic impairments, including dyslipidemia, than adiposity in other regions of the body. Objective: To determine the correlation between serum lipid profile and anthropometric measures (BMI and VAT) in young healthy adults.
- Forward trunk lean with arm support affects the activity of accessory respiratory muscles and thoracoabdominal movement in healthy individualsPublication . Mesquita Montes, António; Tam, Carolina; Crasto, Carlos; Melo, Cristina; Carvalho, Paulo; Santos, Rita; Vilarinho, Rui; Vilas-Boas, João PauloDespite the reported benefits of postures involving leaning the trunk forward with arm support for relieving dyspnea, how those postures influence the mechanics of breathing remains unclear. In response, the aim of the study reported here was to evaluate how posture (i.e., standing and sitting) and leaning the trunk forward with arm support affect the activity of accessory respiratory muscles and thoracoabdominal movement in healthy individuals. Thirty-five volunteers (15 males and 20 females) aged 18-29 years breathed with the same rhythm in standing and sitting positions while upright and while leaning the trunk forward with arm support. Surface electromyography was performed to assess the activity of accessory inspiratory (i.e., during inspiration) and abdominal (i.e., during inspiration and expiration) muscles, and a motion capture system was used to assess thoracoabdominal movement. Results revealed that upper trapezius activity was significantly lower in forward-leaning postures than in upright ones (P = 005; ηp2 = 0.311), although the activity of the sternocleidomastoideus and scalenus (P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.427-0.529), along with the anterior-to-posterior movement of the upper ribcage (P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.546), were significantly greater in forward-leaning postures than in upright ones. The activity of the external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique was significantly lower in sitting than in standing postures (P < 0.050; ηp2 = 0.206-0.641), and though the activity of the transversus abdominis/internal oblique was significantly lower in forward-leaning than in upright postures (P ≤ 0.001; ηp2 = 0.330-0.541), a significantly greater anterior-to-posterior movement of the abdomen was observed (P < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.662). However, the magnitude of the lower ribcage's medial-to-lateral movement was significantly lower in forward-leaning than in upright postures (P = 0.039; ηp2 = 0.149). Leaning the trunk forward with arm support not only increased the use of accessory inspiratory muscles but also decreased the use of the transversus abdominis/internal oblique, which improved thoracoabdominal movement.
- Diferenças na utilização de substratos energéticos entre sexos durante o exercício aeróbioPublication . Vilarinho, Rui; Noites, Andreia; Couto, Miriam; Monteiro, Pedro; Melo, Cristina; Santos, RubimA contribuição de substratos energéticos para a produção de energia, durante o exercício físico aeróbio, pode ser diferente entre os sexos, sendo que estas diferenças metabólicas podem estar associadas a diferentes fatores como hormonais e adrenérgicos. O objectivo deste foi avaliar as diferenças no consumo (ácidos gordos e glucose) e proporção do consumo (quociente respiratório) dos substratos energéticos no sexo masculino e feminino.
- Efeito e fatores preditivos da variação do glicerol sanguíneo induzido por eletrolipólise associada a exercício físico moderadoPublication . Couto, M; Noites, Andreia; Vilarinho, Rui; Melo, Cristina; Monteiro, Pedro; Moreira, A.; Cerqueira, Maria Manuela Amorim; Costa, D.; Adubeiro, Nuno; Nogueira, Luisa; Santos, RubimA acumulação de triglicerídeos no tecido adiposo abdominal acarreta risco acrescido para a saúde. Existem poucos estudos que demonstrem o efeito da eletrolipólise sobre o adipócito. A eletrolipólise poderá ser uma medida terapêutica coadjuvante ao exercício com o objectivo de potenciar a lipólise localizada. Assim torna-se pertinente reproduzir tais estudos, explorando se existem características individuais preditivas de mobilização lipolítica