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- Stress analysis of the tympanic membrane through imagePublication . Garbe, Carolina; Parente, M. P. L.; Martins, Pedro Alexandre Lopes de Sousa; Jorge, Renato Natal; Gentil, Fernanda; Paço, JoãoTo better understand the ear functioning, a biomechanical study of the tympanic ossicular chain of the middle ear was made. This chain consists of the tympanic membrane (which has 3 layers), three ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes), six ligaments, tendons and respective two muscles. The objective of this study was to analyze the stresses of the tympanic membrane through images, allowing a comparison of the different frequencies used. A geometric model of the tympanic membrane and ossicles was built through images of Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT). The discretization of this model was done using the finite element method, based on the ABAQUS software. The mechanical properties were obtained from previous work. The results were compared in the dynamic analysis of the tympanic ossicular chain for a frequency range between 100 Hz and 10 kHz, for a sound pressure level of 105 dB SPL, applied on the tympanic membrane. We can observe differences for each frequency in the tympanic membrane.
- Computational algorithms for the segmentation of the human earPublication . M. Barroso, E.; Ma, Zhen; Tavares, João Manuel R. S.; Gentil, FernandaThe main goal of this project is to identify an efficient segmentation algorithm for each anatomic structure of the ear. Therefore, in this paper, it is presented and analyzed computational algorithms that have been used to segment structures in images, especially of the human ear in Computed Tomography (CT) images.
- The multiplicities of an ethics committee in higher educationPublication . Tavares, Diana; Cruz, Agostinho; Cabral, Ana Paula; Machado, Alberto; Sousa, Helena; Curado, Henrique; Faria, Isabel; Amorim, Manuela; Gonçalves, Maria João; Lopes, Paula Maria da Costa; Monteiro, Pedro R.In the academic context, the main activity of ethics committees is evidently to regulate and monitor any investigation carried out within the institution, if the object of study is a person or biological material. However, it is important to note that ethics committee activity does not end, and cannot end, in this sphere of action. These entities are fundamental in raising awareness of the academic community for the assumption and incorporation of certain principles and values in their practices and in those of their members. Those principles and values include professional secrecy, respect for integrity and privacy, principles that become even more relevant when they refer to vulnerable people, such as health users. In a constantly changing world, ethics committees must identify new challenges and anticipate, as far as possible, action strategies. Having an ethics committee in a higher educational institution provides opportunities to, in a timely manner, be aware of the state of the art in bioethics or have access to recent research in healthcare.
- The influence of noise on the perceptions of discomfort, stress, and anoyancePublication . Monteiro, R.; Rodrigues, Matilde; Tomé, DavidThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different noise conditions on subjects' perceptions of discomfort, stress and annoyance: standard condition (C1), environmental noise without alert sounds (C2) and environmental noise with alert sounds (C3).
- Interdisciplinaridade e AudiologiaPublication . Lopes, PaulaAs perturbações da comunicação, em particular da comunicação oral / verbal, são a principal dificuldade sentida por quem tem perda auditiva ou hipoacusia. A audição é um processo fisiológico, que permite ao ser vivo receber e analisar as vibrações das moléculas do meio exterior, numa ampla gama de frequências e intensidades.
- Biomechanics of the vestibular system: a numerical simulationPublication . Santos, Carla F.; Belinha, Jorge; Gentil, Fernanda; Parente, Marco; Jorge, Renato M. NatalThe vestibular system is located in the posterior portion of the inner ear. It is a key component to our sense of balance and movement. Any changes in this system can cause effects or symptoms such as dizziness, blurred vision, imbalance, and nausea, which are vertiginous syndrome indicators. Vertigo is reported as one of the most common symptoms in the world. It is considered the third most frequent complaint in medicine, transmitting a sense of inadequacy and insecurity. The aim of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of how the vestibular system works. This knowledge will help in the development of new techniques that will facilitate a more effective rehabilitation. Vestibular rehabilitation consists of a set of exercises, known as maneuvers, which can reduce and even eliminate symptoms of dizziness and imbalance associated with a vestibular disorder. In this work, a three-dimensional computational model of the vestibular system, containing the fluids promoting the body balance, will be presented. The smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method will be used to simulate the fluid behavior. The results provide a better comprehension of the biomechanics of the vestibular system, which contribute to recover from any system disorders.
- Using meshless methods to simulate the free vibrations of the cupula under pathological conditionsPublication . Santos, C.F.; Parente, Marco; Belinha, J.; Natal Jorge, R.M.; Gentil, FernandaEach canal of the vestibular system of the inner ear is composed of a circular path of continuum fluid. Inside each semicircular canal, it is possible to find a cupula, a gelatinous body contain-ing sensory hair cells, and the focus of this work. One of the causes of vestibular disorders is the abnormal concentration of otoconia particles near the cupula. The accurate determination of the natural frequency (first vibration frequency) of the cupula would allow to know which external frequency could be induce to stimulate externally the cupula. Thus, theoretically, the resonance effect would induce physical vibra-tion to the cupula and disperse the otoconia particles, reducing the vertigo symptoms. Hence, in this wok, two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometrical models of the cupula were constructed. Then, a free vibration analysis was performed using three distinct numerical techniques, the Finite Element Method (FEM), and two meshless methods: the Radial Point Interpolation Meshless Method (RPIM) and the Natural Neighbour Radial Point Interpolation Method (NNRPIM).
- Computational simulation of the vestibular system using a meshless particle methodPublication . Santos, C.F.; Parente, Marco; Belinha, J.; Natal Jorge, R.M.; Gentil, FernandaVestibular rehabilitation is the most used therapy in cases of unbalance diagnosis. The vertigo symptoms are commonly related with inner ear diseases, affecting 20%-30% of the world population (von Brevern & Neuhauser, 2011). Its prevalence is higher in elders. In this work, a three-dimensional model of the semi-circular canal of the vestibular system, containing the fluids that pro-mote body balance, will be used. The Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, a meshless particle method, will be the discrete numerical technique used to simulate the fluid behaviour. In the SPH the discretization is represented by particles with constant mass (G.R. Liu & Liu, 2003). The obtained results allow to understand the behaviour of the vestibular structures during the rehabilitation manoeuvres.
- Facial nerve:a clinical and anatomical reviewPublication . Gentil, Fernanda; Campos, J.C. Reis; Parente, Marco; Santos, C.F.; Areias, Bruno; Jorge, R.M. NatalThe information that pass through the facial nerve allows the expression of our smile, joy or sadness, the “facial expression”. The face is the mark of our individuality. The facial nerve is responsible for innervation of the face muscles, like the previous two-thirds of the tongue and secretion of salivary and tears glands. The aim of this work is to remember the anatomy and physiology of the facial nerve, pathology and possible treatments of facial paralysis.
- Trigeminal nerve – interdisciplinarity between the areas of dentistry and audiologyPublication . Gentil, Fernanda; Campos, J.C. Reis; Parente, Marco; Santos, C.F.; Areias, Bruno; Natal Jorge, R.M.The trigeminal nerve is the most important nerve for the sensory and motor innervation of the oral system. A detailed knowledge of the trigeminal nerve is very important in the diagnosis and possible treatment of any type of orofacial or temporomandibular joint pain.