ESS - CF - Comunicações em eventos científicos
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- SGLT2 Inhibitors: Novel approach to modulate appetite hormones and cardiomyocyte functionPublication . Correia, Beatriz; Rodrigues, Alexandre; Alves, Inês; Moraña-Fernández, Sandra; Mendes, Claúdia; Morais, Juliana; Gonçalves, Alexandre; Falcão-Pires, InêsEmerging as a class of oral antidiabetic drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), used in patients with type 2 diabetes, offer promising results in weight loss, decreasing cardiometabolic biomarkers, thus improving overall cardiac function. The aim of this study is to assess whether SGLT2i can impact food and water consumption, hormone regulating appetite mechanisms, and morphologic parameters. Thirty-nine male ZSF1 rats were divided into two lean (Ln) and two obese (Ob) groups, fed with normal diet (ND) or treated with SGLT2i in food (30 mg/Kg/day). Body weight (BW), food, water, adiponectin and leptin were measured during nine weeks of treatment. Histochemistry analysis was performed with hematoxylin and eosin to determine the cross-section area in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and cardiomyocytes. SGLT2i treatment promoted an increased food and water intake in lean rats (Ln_ SGLT2i). However, the BW in this group was markedly reduced compared with non-treated lean (Ln_ND). Furthermore, the treatment promoted higher water intake despite no differences in BW in obese rats (Ob_ SGLT2i) compared to control (Ob_ND). Exploring the hormone-regulating appetite mechanisms, SGLT2i treatment showed significant increased in adiponectin levels in both Ln and Ob, however leptin levels only validated the hyperleptinemia in Ob. The ratio adiponectin/leptin was markedly significant increase in Ln_ SGLT2i rats. At the endpoint, the treatment decreased perigonadal fat weight (PFW) in both groups. Aligned with these, cross-section areas of VAT, SAT and cardiomyocytes were markedly increased in Ob, and the treatment decreased these areas in Ob_ SGLT2i. SGLT2i treatment increased food and water intake as also the adiponectin/leptin ratio in Ln. Additionally, the treatment promoted PFW loss and increased the adiponectin levels in both groups and decreased the cross-section area of VAT, SAT, cardiomyocytes in Ob.
- Addressing the role of maternal age on the metabolic profile of the placentaPublication . Pinheiro, Ana R.; Rodrigues, Adriana; Matos, Liliana; Guedes-Martins, Luís; Almeida, Henrique; Silva, ElisabeteAfter the age of 35, during pregnancy, there is an increased risk of impaired placentation. Changes in uterine redox balance seem to play a role in deficient placentation. We hypothesized that this local redox dysregulation has a negative impact on the placenta metabolic profile. Thus, we aimed to study the placenta metabolic profile during reproductive aging and the effect of antioxidant supplementation. Placentas were collected from pregnant women aged between 22 and 41 years, and from mice of different ages (3 or 9 months). Additionally, 9-month-old mice were treated with apocynin (5 mM) in the drinking water (3 weeks prior to and during pregnancy). Semi-quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to assess the expression of glucose and fatty acid transporters. Quantitative results are presented with standard error of the mean (SEM). In the human study, Spearman’s correlation was used for the comparative analysis of the variables studied. In the animal model, Student’s t-test was used for comparative analysis of the variables studied. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Concerning glucose transport, the results show that the expression of glucose transporter 1 is strongly negatively correlated with maternal age (r = 0.710; p = 0.0121). Regarding lipid metabolism, there is a strong negative correlation between the fatty acid transporter 4 expression and maternal age (r = -0.6865, p = 0.0233). In mice, the expression of glucose transporter 1 was also decreased in 9-month-old females (p = 0.0329, when compared to the 3-month-old females group). No differences were observed between the reproductively aged females treated with apocynin and the young females (p = 0.1990). The results of this study show that reproductive aging is linked with changes in the placenta metabolic profile. In the mice study model, antioxidant supplementation attenuated the changes observed in nutrient transport in the placenta.
- Unveiling uterine senescence and its potential role in age-related female fertility declinePublication . Formoso, Inês; Guedes-Martins, Luís; Almeida, Henrique; Silva, Elisabete; Matos, LilianaNowadays, infertility is a major topic present in public health discussions due to its increased prevalence worldwide. With time, female infertility rates have increased, mainly, because women are delaying childbearing to their late 30s/early 40s, leading to fertility decline, complications during gestation, and a higher demand for assisted reproductive techniques. Uterine alterations have been pointed out as an important contributor, as uterine function is linked with the ability to conceive and carry a healthy pregnancy. Previous data reported uterine alterations in reproductively aged mice. Also, using human uterine samples, it was shown an age-related increase in albumin carbonylation and variations in the oxidative status of extracellular matrix proteins. We believe that cellular senescence contributes to uterine alterations, impacting tissue microenvironment and impairing its function. In this project, we aim to evaluate the appearance of senescence-related uterine alterations with increasing age. Uterine samples from term-pregnant women with ages between 20 and 41 were homogenized, protein lysates were submitted to western blot analysis for relative quantification of senescence-associated proteins, including markers of nuclear damage and Senescenceassociated secretory phenotype (SASP) constituents. Currently, our results show a strong and significant positive correlation between nuclear proteins, such as HP1, Lamin B1, and PH2AX, and age. Regarding pro-inflammatory proteins, MCP1 tended to increase with age while IL6 and IL1 did not change. Also, SASP proteins like MMP3 and PAI1 presented a weak negative correlation with age. In the uterus, reproductive ageing courses with increased senescence-associated nuclear alterations reflecting the existence of DNA damage and organelle destabilization. Further analysis is needed to confirm the absence of significant variations in SASP proteins.
- The influence of job rotation on wrist position sense: a preliminary study among assembly workers in a real-life occupational settingPublication . Santos, Joana; Mesquita, Inês; Monteiro, Pedro; Santos, Rubim; Baptista, João Santos; Vaz, MárioThe effectiveness of job rotation in industrial environment is still controversial, namely during tasks with high functional similarity, as assembly tasks. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of job rotation on wrist position sense acuity among experienced assembly workers. Eight healthy assembly workers divided in two groups (four assembly workers performed task rotation and four assembly workers performed tasks with no rotation) participated in this field study. Manifestations of muscle fatigue of wrist flexors and extensors muscles were obtained by surface electromyography during a standardized test contraction, while wrist position sense errors were assessed by electrogoniometry. After a workweek, d espite not statistically significant, wrist flexors muscles in the no rotation group showed EMG signs of fatigue. The two groups showed a trend to increase position error for flexion after a workweek. Future research should include a higher number of participants and other techniques to evaluate muscle fatigue and their impact on positon sense acuity.
- Manifestations of muscle fatigue during repetitive low-moderate intensity work: a brief reviewPublication . Santos, Joana; Monteiro, Pedro; Miguel, Alberto Sérgio; Santos, Rubim; Baptista, J. Santos; Vaz, MárioMuscle fatigue is a complex phenomenon that has been suggested to be an important precursor for work-related upperlimb musculoskeletal disorders. The assembly work is an example of low-moderate intensity work with elevated risk of muscle fatigue development. This review was performed to summarise and analyse the studies that investigated the influence of work requirements on muscle fatigue development in workplaces or experimental setting. This review was based on relevant articles published from 2000 to 2013 in the research platform Web of Knowledge. The studies included in this review were performed in humans and assess peripheral muscle fatigue in upper limbs during occupational activities. The search yielded 103 articles and 10 were included, according to inclusion criteria. Few studies were conducted in real work environment and the most common methods used to assess muscle fatigue were surface electromyography (EMG). The work duration and intensity level were the determinants of muscle fatigue that had more consistent results in terms of EMG- based parameters. In the studies that report subjective measurement of muscle fatigue, the subjective ratings increase. More research is needed to understand the impact of work requirements on muscle fatigue and work-related performance.
- Obesity and physical loading during manual liftingPublication . Colim, Ana; Arezes, Pedro; Flores, Paulo; Monteiro, Pedro; Mesquita, InêsManual lifting greatly increases the risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD). Muscle loading related to manual tasks may be significantly influenced by workers’ body conditions, being obesity one of them. In the present study, different tasks of manual lifting were performed by 14 participants with different obesity levels, defined in terms of individuals’ fat mass percentage. Surface electromyography (EMG) data were collected bilaterally from 3 muscles recruited during this type of tasks. EMG data normalization was based on the percentage of maximum contraction during each task (MCT). Furthermore, the participants reported physical loading by using the Rated Perceived Exertion scale (RPE). These techniques sought to analyze the physical loading during manual lifting tasks. The obtained results indicate that obesity level influenced the MCT percentage, which in turn increases the muscle loading during manual lifting tasks. However, obesity level does not seem to influence the RPE values. In this context, further studies based on biomechanical approaches are required to provide a more complete understanding of the obesity effects on musculoskeletal loading during manual lifting.
- Perceções de estudantes da área da saúde póspandemia: estudo observacionalPublication . Cruz, Agostinho; Machado, Alberto; Cabral, Ana Paula; Tavares, Diana; Sousa, Helena; Curado, Henrique; Faria, Isabel; Sousa, Maria; Gonçalves, Maria João; Lopes, Paula; Monteiro, PedroO contexto pandémico vivenciado por toda a comunidade portuguesa nestes últimos meses, constituiu indubitavelmente um ambiente e um conjunto de experiências totalmente novas e singulares para todos os cidadãos, mas sobretudo para os jovens adultos. A pandemia e o confinamento, trouxe restrições no acesso a simulações práticas e especializadas assim como a locais de ensino clínico em contexto real e presencial, fundamental para a aquisição de competências clínicas e integração de realidades organizacionais de serviços cuidados de saúde. Neste contexto ao nível da área da saúde os desafios foram ímpares e alteraram a dinâmica profissional e as interações sociais.
- The relevance of an ethics committee in a higher education institution in the health area: The experience of ESS-P.PORTOPublication . Monteiro, Pedro; Tavares, Diana; Cruz, Agostinho; Cabral, Ana Paula; Machado, Alberto; Curado, Henrique; Sousa, Helena; Faria, Isabel; Gonçalves, Maria João; Sousa, Maria; Marques, António; Lopes, Paula; Prudêncio, CristinaEthics Committees arose as consequence of medical-scientific advances made in an eminent demand to extend morality and ethics to the field of biomedicine, to expand and preserve autonomy and dignity of human beings. The Ethics Committee (EC) of Escola Superior de Saúde (ESS) was born in February 2011. The importance for this unit of P.PORTO in having such a committee, for ethical and not legal imperative, came to be corroborated by law (Decree-Law no. 80/2018).
- Acute effect of neuromuscular electrostimulation in the torque and cross-sectional area of the Extensor Digitorum Communis muscle. Real-time ultrasound imagingPublication . Lopes, Alexandre; Faria, Susana; Quadrado, Pedro; Silva, Diogo C. F.Neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) is a therapeutic resource widely used by most physiotherapists with the objective of favoring muscle strengthening, prevention or recovery from atrophy due to disuse, however there is still no scientific consensus on which is the most effective current for this purpose. This study aims to evaluate the acute effect induced by low and medium frequency electrostimulation in an isometric contraction of wrist extension and compare them with the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) (1) in the force production capacity and (2) in the vertical and horizontal values of the cross-sectional area of the Extensor Digitorum Communis muscle (EDC). There are no differences between the mean values for height or width between the TENS and Kotz currents, nor between the two NMES currents and the MVIC. No differences were found in the capacity for power generation of the administration of NMES currents and the MVIC. No differences were found in the height or width values between the TENS and Kotz currents, nor between the two NMES currents and the MVIC. No differences were found in the capacity for power generation of the exclusive administration of NMES currents and the MVIC, in a population of healthy adults.
- The effect of dental instruments on grip strengthPublication . Silva, Vanessa; Costa, Inês; Fonseca, Patrícia; Monteiro, Pedro; Santos, JoanaDentist work requires comfort and visibility, which sometimes causes an incorrect, maladjusted, and static posture, affecting mostly the upper limbs. It is due to prolonged work that oral health professionals are more susceptible to developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the hand and wrist. The propose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the variation of grip strength in dental students. We also pretend to evaluate the incidence of signs and symptoms of MSDs. A clinical dental procedure was simulated using instruments of different design on phantoms to evaluate the palmar grip. Grip strength was measured with a dynamometer. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was conducted to assess the incidence of symptoms of MSDs. The most prevalent symptoms in this population were neck, lower back, and shoulder pain. During the procedure, 43 participants found the ergonomic curette more comfortable. After scraping with the metallic curette, a lower palmar grip strength was observed. Women have a higher incidence of MSDs and lower grip strength. Participants should transform and improve clinical habits to promote better working conditions and decrease MSDs. It was concluded that the grip force exerted during root scraping depends on the design of the curette. Instruments with a larger diameter and lower weight are more ergonomic and require less grip force.
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