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- Leadership structure and implications of partial state ownership in the hospitality sectorPublication . Ferreira, Flávio; Umbelino, JorgePrivatization frequently boosts efficiency and productivity in businesses as private companies are generally more motivated to reduce costs, innovate, and meet market needs than state-run counterparts. The privatization of the hospitality sector pertains to the acquisition or operational control of hospitality properties, such as hotels and resorts, including additional services, shifting from government provision to private companies. This shift can have mixed effects on environmental sustainability. This paper delves into the interplay of environmental taxes, pollution control spending, and the privatization of a partially state-owned (PSO) hotel within a mixed duopoly framework. The market we analyze comprises a single partially state-owned (PSO) hotel competing against one for-profit (FP) hotel in a five-stage game: (i) the government decides how much of the PSO hotel will be privatized; (ii) a regulator, aiming to maximize social welfare, establishes the emission tax rate; (iii) the PSO hotel selects abatement pollution investments; (iv) the FP hotel then selects pollution abatement investments; and (v) subsequently, the two hotels concurrently and autonomously determine the quantity of rooms available for reservation. This game presents a model of a policy regime featuring commitment. In contrast, our analysis also considers a non-committed regime, distinguished by the fact that step (ii) occurs after decisions regarding abatement pollution investments. This study’s most significant finding is that, according to the social welfare perspective within the analyzed models, neither total privatization nor complete nationalization represents the optimal governmental strategy.
- CSR and quantity leadership in restaurant competitionPublication . Ferreira, Fernanda A.; Meneses, Daniela; Carvalho, Sandro; Peres, RitaThis paper investigates the critical role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the food industry. It analyzes CSR’s impact on competition between a CSR-focused restaurant and a traditional for-profit (FP) restaurant. The research employs a game theory model to examine how each restaurant chooses the quality and quantity of its products, influenced by its differing objectives (CSR vs. profit maximization). The study’s main contributions include analyzing scenarios where a CSR restaurant competes with a traditional for-profit establishment, considering two leadership structures (CSR restaurant leading or FP restaurant leading the market), and determining equilibrium quality levels, quantities, profits, and overall social welfare in each model. This paper investigates the effects of CSR within the food industry. We develop a model where a restaurant with a CSR focus competes with a traditional for-profit (FP) establishment in determining the quality and quantity of their offerings, in the order mentioned. Yet, while the levels of quality are chosen at the same time, the quantities are determined one after the other. Our analysis considers two leadership structures: (i) the CSR restaurant leading the market; and (ii) the FP restaurant leading the market.
- Optimization of metal sheet cutting processes using integer linear programming: reducing waste and enhancing production efficiencyPublication . Pereira, Marisa G.; Pereira, M. Teresa; Fernandes, Miguel A.; Silva, Francisco G.; Guimarães, André; Ferreira, Fernanda A.This paper presents an optimization approach for metal sheet cutting processes using Integer Linear Programming (ILP). It addresses the critical challenges of material waste and inefficiencies inherent in traditional manual cutting methods. The primary objective was to develop and implement an ILP-based model to automate and optimize cutting plans, thereby minimizing material waste and enhancing production efficiency. The proposed model extends existing optimization frameworks by incorporating constraints and decision variables tailored to the Two-Dimensional Strip Packing Problem (2D-SPP). Implemented in Python with libraries such as PuLP for mathematical modeling and Matplotlib for result visualization, the model was validated using real-world datasets. Results demonstrated substantial improvements, achieving material utilization rates of up to 87.94%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of ILP in addressing complex industrial challenges, offering a systematic approach to waste reduction and workflow optimization. The paper concludes by evaluating the model’s practical implications and its potential scalability for broader industrial applications.
- A hybrid strategy for oven optimization in aerospace manufacturing: lean principles and mathematical modellingPublication . Pereira, M. Teresa; Pereira, Marisa G.; Ferreira, Fernanda A.; Silva, Francisco G.; Guimarães, AndréAdopting the Lean philosophy is essential for reducing costs and increasing productivity in industrial environments, where equipment efficiency plays a pivotal role. This study focuses on optimizing the use of an oven, a critical equipment, in the aircraft parts manufacturing process, in a company producing composite components for aerospace applications. A mathematical model based on the classic two-dimensional knapsack problem was developed to address inefficiencies in space utilization and workflow inconsistencies. The model was implemented to determine the optimal parts’ allocation, maximizing oven occupancy while ensuring efficient workflows. The study introduces a hybrid strategy that combines a structured allocation system with vertical shelving units to streamline part storage and improve the kiln-loading process. Extensive experiments validated the model’s performance, demonstrating its ability to support Lean principles by enhancing productivity and reducing costs in the aeronautical industry. This work underscores the importance of mathematical modelling for optimizing manufacturing processes and meeting the increasing demands of modern production environments.
- Therapeutic tourism - health and well-being: potential, interfaces, and singularities of thermal springs in Brazil and PortugalPublication . Fonsêca, Flaviano Oliveira; Ferreira, Fernanda A.; Meneses, DanielaTourism is a significant economic and social activity with the potential to increase GDP, improve living conditions for individuals and communities, and promote socially just, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable development globally. This is particularly true for segments related to natural environments. The aim of the study was to find out about the characteristics of therapeutic tourism in thermal spas in Brazil and Portugal. We want to identify the practice of therapeutic tourism from a health perspective (classical aspect) and well-being (wellness aspect), which includes health, healthy living, entertainment, leisure, aesthetics, among others. To answer the research question, a qualitative methodology was applied, through a literature review and documentary analysis. The study establishes a fruitful dialogue between healing and recreation as constituent dimensions of thermal resorts and thermalism around water as the structuring axis of thermal practices. Globally recognised for its health benefits, spa therapy goes far beyond primary care, such as treatments recommended by qualified professionals, and is beginning to be associated with a lifestyle of health and well-being. It was concluded that both Brazil and Portugal already play an important role as promoters of comprehensive health, with thermal baths as a key vector.
- Corporate social responsibility and quality leadership in food industryPublication . Ferreira, Fernanda A.; Ferreira, Flávio; Santos, Adriana MeloCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is critical in the food industry as it builds consumer trust, promotes sustainability, upholds ethical practices, and encourages innovation. In this paper, we analyze some effects of CSR on food industry, by using a model in which one CSR restaurant competes with a for-profit (FP) one in the choice of the quality and quantities of their products. We will discuss two cases: (i) the CSR restaurant takes the leader position; (ii) the FP restaurant takes the leader position. The study was conducted using game theory techniques. The results allow us to conclude that CSR enhances both the quality and quantity of food at the CSR restaurant, while diminishing them at the FP restaurant. CSR also enhances both the overall quality and the quantity within the industry. Furthermore, CSR enhances both consumer surplus and social welfare.
- Effects of restaurants' reputation and leadership in the restaurant industry, under quality and price competitionPublication . Ferreira, Fernanda A.; Ferreira, FlávioThis paper explores the effects of reputation and leadership dynamics within the restaurant industry, focusing on how these factors influence competition in quality and price. Using a three stage dynamic model, where restaurants first determine quality in two stages and then set prices, this study aims to analyse the interactions between higher-reputation and lower-reputation establishments. The findings suggest that the leadership position assumed by the lower reputation restaurant can be advantageous, allowing the leader to surpass the follower in profitability. Additionally, a widening reputation gap increases total market output, although the effects on both consumer surplus and social welfare remain ambiguous. Reputation emerges as a critical asset, shaping not only consumer perceptions but also operational strategies and competitive outcomes within the industry. This paper enhances the understanding of reputation dynamics within the restaurant industry. Grasping these dynamics is crucial for managers aiming to optimize competitive strategies and boost both profitability and customer satisfaction.
- Proposal of process confirmation methodology through lean principles in logistics companyPublication . Silva, Bruna S. Martins da ; Pereira, M. Teresa ; Ferreira, Fernanda A.; Oliveira, MarisaNowadays, the challenges in this logistics sector influence companies to invest in means and resources to make their logistics processes more efficient, with higher quality and lower cost, without compromising the supply chain processes and business evolution requirements. Therefore, as part of the Process Improvement role carried out in a retail company, the Process Confirmation methodology has been developed in a structured and expeditious manner to ensure compliance with processes in the logistics area. Moreover, this methodology aims to link the process design phase and the consequent creation of standards to the search for improvements phase in a circular logic, ensuring continuous improvement to keep up with the increasing complexity of processes. This study presents the literature background supporting the model and its methodological flow, defining each step for real-world application and viability. The methodology encompasses process mapping tools, standards creation, criticality analysis, and process confirmation, as well as the dissemination, analysis, and treatment of results. Consequently, as a result of the methodology, it will be verified that the level of process compliance in logistics can be improved through process confirmation.
- Development of a decision support system for freight forecastingPublication . Martins, João P.; Ramos, Filipe R.; Pereira, M. Teresa; Oliveira, Marisa; Ferreira, Fernanda A.The transportation of goods is critical to supply chains, directly influencing efficiency, cost management, and competitiveness. Accurate freight cost forecasting is essential for decision-making, enabling businesses to allocate resources effectively, reduce financial uncertainties, and ensure timely deliveries. This study, conducted in the After-Sales department of a global company, aimed to analyse freight costs per shipment and develop a predictive system based on predefined parameters. Historical data were examined using analytical techniques and time series metrics to identify suitable forecasting methodologies. Specific algorithms, including classical methodologies (exponential smoothing models) and hybrid deep learning models (BJ-DNN model), were tested to evaluate predictive accuracy. Results showed prediction errors ranging from 17% to 56% for exponential smoothing models and from 5% to 27% for BJ-DNN models, demonstrating the superior performance of hybrid approaches. These findings emphasize the potential of predictive models to enhance freight cost forecasting, minimizing error margins and optimizing resource allocation. This research provides a foundation for refining these methodologies, contributing to improved freight cost management and operational efficiency.
- Partial state ownership in the hospitality industryPublication . Ferreira, Flávio; Ferreira, Fernanda A.Privatization often leads to improved efficiency and productivity in the privatized enterprises. Private firms typically have stronger incentives to cut costs, innovate, and respond to market demands compared to state-run enterprises. Privatization also reduces the administrative and financial burden on the government, allowing it to focus on core functions such as regulation, policy-making, and public welfare. Privatization in the hospitality industry involves transferring ownership or management of hotels, resorts, and other hospitality-related services from the public sector to private entities. Privatization in the hospitality industry can have both positive and negative impacts on environmental sustainability. Using a mixed duopoly model, this paper examines the relationship between environmental taxation, pollution abatement investments, and privatization of a partial state-owned hotel. We will consider one partial state-owned hotel and one for-profit hotel in a market competition defined by the following four-stage game: (i) the government decides the level of privatization of the partial state-owned hotel; (ii) a welfare-maximizing regulator sets the emission tax; (iii) both hotels, simultaneously and independently, choose abatement pollution investments; (iv) both hotels, simultaneously and independently, select the number of rooms provided for renting to guests. One of the main results of the paper is that neither full privatization nor full nationalization is the best choice for the government, under the social welfare point of view.