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- Methylphenidate and P300 in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Barroso, Beatriz C. R.; Mendonça, Fabiana; Mazer, Prune; Prata, Catarina; Pinto, Joana O.; Mazer, Prune; Pinto, Joana OMethylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulant medicine often used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as it may positively affect behaviour and brain activity. This work aims to systematise the current literature about the effects of MPH on the amplitude of P300 in individuals with ADHD. A systematic review and meta-analysis of empirical studies measuring P300 amplitude and comparing MPH administration to either a pre-MPH condition or healthy controls was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Our results revealed no overall (n = 13) significant differences between individuals diagnosed with ADHD and medicated with MPH and controls. Although, a moderation analysis by region found differences between both groups on frontal sites. When comparing the pre- and post-effects of MPH on the same individuals (n = 17), it appears that P300 amplitude tends to increase post-administration in central and posterior regions. In this second meta-analysis, a moderation by task revealed a larger effect size for go/no-go. In general, MPH was found to increase P300 amplitude in ADHD, somewhat normalising this aspect of their brain activity. The main limitations of the included studies are the insufficiently explained dosages and the skewness for male participants. Future research directions are discussed.
- N170 in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Systematic reviewPublication . Barroso, Beatriz C. R.; Vieira, Luísa; Pinto, Joana O.; Almeida, Rita; Pinto, Joana OAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) seems to encompass impaired emotional recognition and face processing, whose underlying mechanisms are yet to be uncovered. The N170 is an event-related potential sensitive to facial expressions, being often associated with perception and attention. Thus, this work aims to summarise and meta-analyse the literature focused on N170 modulation by ADHD. Empirical studies measuring N170 in both ADHD and healthy individuals were identified following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis. Fourteen studies were included in the review. Eight studies were meta-analysed and no overall significant results were found between healthy and ADHD individuals. Moderation analysis by valence revealed no differences between groups for positive and negative valence. Neutral valence yielded more negative N170 amplitudes in ADHD than in healthy individuals. Altogether, findings suggest that neurophysiological processing of emotional faces is generally unimpaired in ADHD individuals. Further, it may be that ambiguous faces’ processing is more demanding in individuals with ADHD. Limitations of the included studies are the variability of the tasks employed and the lacking information about the specific symptoms and medication washout. Directions for future studies are discussed.