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- Addressing the role of maternal age on the metabolic profile of the placentaPublication . Pinheiro, Ana R.; Rodrigues, Adriana; Matos, Liliana; Guedes-Martins, Luís; Almeida, Henrique; Silva, ElisabeteAfter the age of 35, during pregnancy, there is an increased risk of impaired placentation. Changes in uterine redox balance seem to play a role in deficient placentation. We hypothesized that this local redox dysregulation has a negative impact on the placenta metabolic profile. Thus, we aimed to study the placenta metabolic profile during reproductive aging and the effect of antioxidant supplementation. Placentas were collected from pregnant women aged between 22 and 41 years, and from mice of different ages (3 or 9 months). Additionally, 9-month-old mice were treated with apocynin (5 mM) in the drinking water (3 weeks prior to and during pregnancy). Semi-quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to assess the expression of glucose and fatty acid transporters. Quantitative results are presented with standard error of the mean (SEM). In the human study, Spearman’s correlation was used for the comparative analysis of the variables studied. In the animal model, Student’s t-test was used for comparative analysis of the variables studied. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Concerning glucose transport, the results show that the expression of glucose transporter 1 is strongly negatively correlated with maternal age (r = 0.710; p = 0.0121). Regarding lipid metabolism, there is a strong negative correlation between the fatty acid transporter 4 expression and maternal age (r = -0.6865, p = 0.0233). In mice, the expression of glucose transporter 1 was also decreased in 9-month-old females (p = 0.0329, when compared to the 3-month-old females group). No differences were observed between the reproductively aged females treated with apocynin and the young females (p = 0.1990). The results of this study show that reproductive aging is linked with changes in the placenta metabolic profile. In the mice study model, antioxidant supplementation attenuated the changes observed in nutrient transport in the placenta.
- Advancing recruitment: fair and efficient resume screening with LLMsPublication . Novais, Liliana; Rocio, Vitor; Oliveira, Paulo Moura; Santos, ArnaldoTraditional talent acquisition encounters significant sustainability problems marked by increasing application quantities and the intrinsic dangers of subjective human bias. This article, which is still being worked on, uses the Design Science Research (DSR) technique to create CurAIEval, a new IT tool for automated, fairness-aware resume screening. Based on a rigorous examination of the literature, the study finds a fundamental gap between technical optimization and ethical governance. To close this gap, the suggested architecture combines Large Language Models (LLMs) for semantic analysis with a required "Fairness-by-Design" auditing engine. The system uses a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) protocol to automate parsing of large amounts of data while still letting people make the ultimate judgments. Expected outcomes encompass the creation of a workable prototype that substantially alleviates administrative burdens and the validation of a Balanced KPI Framework. This approach is meant to quantify both operational efficiency (like time-to-hire) and algorithmic fairness (like disparate impact) at the same time. It gives a validated technique to automate hiring in a responsible and fair way.
- An agent-based approach to support decisions on electronic marketplacesPublication . Viamonte, Maria João; Ramos, Carlos; Rodrigues, Maria de Fátima Coutinho; Cardoso, José; Ramos, Carlos; Vale, ZitaWith the increasing importance of Electronic Commerce across the Internet the need for software agents to support both customers and suppliers in buying and selling goods/services is growing rapidly. It is becoming increasingly evident that in a few years the Internet will host a large number of interacting software agents. Most of them will be economically motivated, and will negotiate a variety of goods and services. It is therefore important to consider the economic incentives and behaviours of economic software agents, and to use all available means to anticipate their collective interactions. This paper addresses this concern by presenting a Market Simulator designed for analysing agent market strategies based on a complete understanding of buyer and seller behaviours, preference models and pricing algorithms. The system includes agents that are capable of increasing their performance with their own experience, by adapting to the market conditions. The results of the negotiations between agents will be analysed by Data mining tools in order to extract rules that will give the agents feedback to improve their strategies. We will describe the characteristics and technologies involved in the architecture we are specifying and developing.
- Algae and Fish Farming: An EPS@ISEP 2022 ProjectPublication . Blomme, Rose-Farah; Domissy, Zoé; Dylik, Zuzanna; Hidding, Thomas; Röhe, Alina; Duarte, Abel J.; BENEDITA CAMPOS NEVES MALHEIRO, MARIA; JUSTO, Jorge; Ferreira, Paulo; Guedes, Pedro; Castro Ribeiro, Maria Cristina de; Silva, Manuel; Auer, Michael E.; Rüütmann, TiiaThe European Project Semester (EPS) at Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP) is a capstone engineering design program where students, organised in multidisciplinary and multicultural teams, create a solution for a proposed problem, bearing in mind ethical, sustainability and market concerns. The project proposals are usually aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). New sustainable food production methods are essential to cope with the continuous population growth and aligned with SDG2 and SDG12. In this context, this paper describes the research and work done by a team of Erasmus students enrolled in EPS@ISEP during the spring of 2022. Since sustainable algae farming can be a suitable source of food, the team's goal was the design and develop a proof-of-concept prototype, named GREEN·flow, of a symbiotic aquaponic system to farm algae and fish. The smart GREEN·flow concept comprises a modular structure and an app for control and supervision. The proposed design was driven by state-of-the-art research, targeted to a specific market niche based on a market analysis, and considering sustainability and ethics concerns, all of which are described in this manuscript. A proof-of-concept prototype was built and tested to verify that it worked as intended.
- Análise de amostras comerciais de mel: caracteres organoléticos, corantes e impurezas e ácidos livresPublication . Martins, Adriana; Ribeiro, Adriana; Marques, Ana; Rocha, Ana; Rompante, Ana; Leão, Bruna; Baltarejo, Irene; Peixoto, Mariana; Ribeiro, Marina; Gomes, Raquel; Rei, Soraia; Silva, Valéria; Pereira, Maria João; Pinho, Cláudia; Pinho, Cláudia; Pereira, Maria JoãoO mel é uma substância açucarada produzida por abelhas Apis melífera a partir do néctar ou secreções provenientes de partes vivas das plantas, sendo procurado pelas propriedades antimicrobianas, antitússicas, laxantes e anti-inflamatórias[1,2]. Existem requisitos na legislação que os operadores do setor do mel devem respeitar (teor de açucares, teor de água, ácidos livres) e, quando comercializado, não deve haver inclusão de aditivos alimentares[3]. Analisar amostras comerciais de mel quanto às características organoléticas, consistência, presença de corantes/impurezas, e percentagem de ácidos livres. Estudo experimental com quatro amostras de mel (amostra 1: mel de urze e queiró; amostra 2: mel de urze; amostra 3: mel de eucalipto; amostra 4: melmultifloral).Caracterizaram-se as amostras quanto à cor, aroma e consistência. Na pesquisa de corantes/impurezas verificou-se a presença/ausência de corantes, cloretos, sulfatos, cálcio, amido e dextrinas. No doseamento dos ácidos livres, estes foram expressos em ácido fórmico[4]. As amostras 1, 2 e 4 apresentaram uma cor mais escura, e a amostra 3 uma tonalidade mais clara. As amostras 1 e 2 (com urze) apresentaram um aroma mais forte; a amostra 3 um aroma floral (eucalipto) e a amostra 4 também floral. As amostras 1, 3 e 4 eram fluídas e a amostra 2 viscosa. Não se observaram corantes/impurezas nas amostras analisadas. Apenas as amostras 1 (0,09±0,01%) e 3 (0,12±0,01%) obtiveram valores de ácidos livres dentro do estipulado (>0,15%) [4]. A cor do mel varia de uma tonalidade quase incolor a castanho-escuro; o aroma varia consoante a origem vegetal; quanto à consistência, pode apresentar-se fluido, espesso ou cristalizado [3]. O mel pode aparecer falsificado, uma consequência do seu aspeto e composição. Porém, as amostras em estudo apenas revelaram valores de ácidos livres fora do estipulado. Realça-se assim, a importância do controlo de qualidade dos produtos comercializados.
- Apple fermentation: Valorization of surpluses from the fruit industryPublication . Ribeiro, Tatiana; Leitão, Mariana; García, Pablo; Barreiros, Luísa; Correia, Patrícia; Correia, Patrícia Carla dos Santos CorreiaFermentation is an anaerobic process in which sugars are converted into alcohol by bacterial enzymes or into lactic acid by yeasts. Apple is rich in vitamins and phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids, and it is responsible for antioxidant action. Apples that are unsuitable for fresh use or of inappropriate commercial size are not valued in the market, as they often do not have the physical characteristics the consumer appreciates and are therefore rejected. Furthermore, in industries and fruit processing, high amounts of waste are generated. Study possibilities for valorizing apple waste through fermentation, combining the circular and sustainable economy concepts. Local producers, processing industries, and commercial areas were contacted to establish collaborations and test different apple fermentation conditions, varying the part of the fruit used. Flasks with apple and water were placed in the oven at 30 ◦C, samples were collected every 24 h, and the pH was measured. The fermented products were analyzed to evaluate their antimicrobial activity, measuring the inhibition halo for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans. The most promising was the test with only apple pulp, since it was under these conditions that a greater inhibition halo was recorded compared to tests with combinations of pulp, peel, seed, and stem. Fermented apple pulp demonstrated greater activity in the sensitivity test for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Fermented apple appears to have antimicrobial activity against several species. It is necessary to repeat the tests and analyze the intermediate fermentation times. It would be interesting to vary the state of division of the fruit as well as to carry out biostimulation tests and bioinoculation. As a future project, in addition to analyzing antimicrobial activity, it is intended to identify fermented products, using UV/VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC.
- Aprender genética: Uma abordagem interativa entre Ensino Superior e 1.º Ciclo do Ensino BásicoPublication . Novais, Gonçalo; Dias, Clara; Ferreira, Beatriz; Lamas, Maria Céu; Mota, Sandra; Amorim, Manuela; Amorim Sousa, Maria Manuela; Mota, Sandra; Ribeiro Lamas, Maria do CéuIntegrada na UC Educação Clínica II da E2S|Porto, foi desenvolvida uma intervenção educativa sobre hereditariedade, dirigida a 86 estudantes do 1.º ao 4.º ano do Ensino Básico (5-10 anos), em 4 sessões independentes com cerca de 45 minutos. Partindo da questão “Porque somos parecidos com os nossos pais?”, a atividade utilizou uma abordagem lúdico-pedagógica para explorar conceitos genéticos. Iniciou com a identificação de características fenotípicas familiares, como a capacidade de enrolar a língua. Seguiram-se atividades práticas com coelhos brancos/pretos em cartão para explicar dominância e recetividade, complementadas por um xadrez mendeliano com “ervilhas” de esferovite. Após a introdução aos conceitos de célula, cromossomas e DNA, os alunos realizaram um “cariótipo” usando pauzinhos de gelados com diferentes padrões de bandas, tamanhos e cores. A análise dos questionários pré e pós-intervenção revelou um aumento de respostas corretas em cada ano escolar (1º ano: >60%; 2º ano: >47%; 3º ano: >45%; 4º ano: >27%), demonstrando a eficácia da metodologia. Esta abordagem (inter)ativa, associando teoria e experiência, revelou-se eficaz na promoção do conhecimento científico e no estímulo ao interesse precoce pela ciência.
- An architecture to integrate discovered knowledge in a rule based systemPublication . Oliveira, Paulo; Rodrigues, Maria de Fátima Coutinho; Ramos, Carlos; Vale, ZitaThe techniques and tools of Knowledge Discovery in Databases seek to transform data into knowledge in an “intelligent” and semi-automatic way. One of the possible uses to this discovered knowledge consists in its integration or fusion with the knowledge that is in the knowledge base of an Expert System. It thus complements the knowledge . initially given by the expert, which is not always complete, or the most up-to-date. Using an alternative source it is possible to discover knowledge that is implicit in data, and then proceed with its fusion with the one already in the knowledge base. However, this process can result in errors appearing (for example, inconsistencies) in the knowledge base resulting from the fusion. Thus, one of the requirements to fulfil is the consistency and correction of this new knowledge base. A generic and domain independent architecture that allows a rule based knowledge fusion, in the context above described is presented. Consistency and correction are guaranteed through the detection of errors, and by the adoption of an approach based in maximal consistent subsets of rules.
- Artificial intelligence in problem-based learning in higher education: A scoping reviewPublication . Alexandrino, Ana; Cunha, Christine; Lima, Teresa; Alexandrino, Ana Silva; Cunha, ChristineThe rapid evolution of technology calls for continuous pedagogical innovation in higher education, with active approaches like Problem-Based Learning (PBL) fostering critical thinking and collaboration. Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows strong potential to enhance PBL, yet there is a clear need for comprehensive research on its integration within higher education (HE) curricula. This study aims to map the scope of existing evidence on the use of AI in PBL contexts for higher education students. The eligibility criteria follow the PCC framework: Population: Higher education students; Concept: Use of Artificial Intelligence; Context: Problem-Based Learning. Methodology: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reporting according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this scoping review addresses the main research question: What is the scope of existing evidence on the use of AI in PBL for higher education students? The sub-questions are: 1. What types of AI tools and systems are used and how are they pedagogically integrated into PBL approaches for HE students? 2. What are the identified benefits and challenges in using AI in PBL contexts for HE students? 3. What are the identified research gaps regarding the use of AI in PBL for HE students? A systematic search will be conducted in electronic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and ScienceDirect, including studies published between 2015 and 2025, available in English or Portuguese. Study selection will be done by two independent reviewers. Results will be synthesized narratively, grouping findings thematically. This review expects to identify AI tools applied in PBL, pedagogical strategies, benefits, challenges, and gaps in the literature, offering evidence-based insights for pedagogical practice, and guide future research in this emerging domain.
- Assembly of bacterial consortium for the biodegradation of PFAS and related subproductsPublication . Neves, David M. B.; Pinto, Ana Sofia; Mucha, Ana Paula; Almeida, C. Marisa R.; Alexandrino, Diogo A. M.; Carvalho, Maria F.; Alexandrino, DiogoPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made chemicals with wide application in consumer products since the 1950s. A recent revision of the PFAS definition has also introduced several polyfluorinated pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals into this class, further exacerbating the urgency of any PFAS-related pollution scenario. Their many favourable properties, including improved persistence and lipophilicity, has caused PFAS to be considered mobile pollutants with the capacity to accumulate in the environment for various decades. In fact, their increased presence in the aquatic environment has negative effects on the environment and human health, so it is of great importance to develop and improve remediation techniques to remove PFAS and other related subproducts from aquatic matrices. This work aims to create a synthetic bacterial consortium and study its capacity to degrade different PFAS and/or their subproducts. To achieve this, different fluoroorganic-degrading bacterial strains are currently being screened. Among them, a fluoroaliphatic (Delftia acidovorans MFA5) and a fluoroaromatic-degrading strains (Labrys portucalensis F11) have already been preselected to be included in the consortium. Soon, when a final selection of prospective fluoroorganic-degrading strains is achieved, their co-cultivation compatibility will be investigated through growth inhibition tests (cross-streak and diffusion disc activity assays). Strains with favourable co-cultivation dynamics will then be assembled in a synthetic bacterial consortium and tested for its ability to degrade different PFAS (individually) and related subproducts, based on bacterial growth analysis and on defluorination efficiency. This work will contribute to the ongoing effort of designing an efficient PFAS bioremediation unit to outfit a novel hybrid water treatment technology that combines nanophotocatalysis and bioremediation for the mitigation of PFAS aquatic pollution.