Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-04"
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- Thermo-mechanical stresses distribution on bone drilling: Numerical and experimental proceduresPublication . Fernandes, Maria G; Fonseca, Elza M M; Jorge, Renato NIn bone drilling, the temperature and the level of stresses at the bone tissue are function of the drilling parameters. If certain thresholds are exceeded, irreversible damages may occur on the bone tissue. One of the main challenges in the drilling process is to control the associated parameters and even more important, to avoid the surrounding tissue damage. In this study, a dynamic numerical model is developed to determine the thermo-mechanical stresses generated during the bone drilling, using the finite element method. The numerical model incorporates the geometric and dynamic characteristics involved in the drilling processes, as well the developed temperature inside the material. The numerical analysis has been validated by experimental tests using polyurethane foam materials with similar mechanical properties to the human bone. Results suggest that a drill bit with lower drill speed and higher feed rate can reduce the strains and stresses in bone during the drilling process. The proposed numerical model reflected adequately the experimental results and could be useful in determination of optimal drilling conditions that minimise the bone injuries.
- Gestão e desenvolvimento de recursos humanos - práticas num contexto em transformaçãoPublication . Rodrigues, Ana C.; Couto, Ana Isabel; Lousã, Eva; Silva, Marlene
- Propriedades antidepressoras da ketaminaPublication . Santos, MarleneA Ketamina demonstrou um rápido e potencial efeito antidepressor em doentes com resistência a antidepressores e com Depressão Major para reverter a sintomatologia depressiva pelo bloqueio dos recetores de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) provocando uma desexcitação no sistema glutamatérgico o que leva a um reajustamento dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos cerebrais e, consequentemente, ao alívio sintomático.
- Seguimento farmacoterapêuticoPublication . Duarte, NunoNa farmácia comunitária dos dias de hoje enfrentam-se muitos desafios, relacionados com a sustentabilidade do modelo implementado e com a prática profissional. No paradigma atual, as farmácias são “reféns” dos preços dos medicamentos sujeitos a receita médica, uma vez que estes representam a grande maioria do retorno financeiro das mesmas. Apesar de sucessivas alterações legislativas ao regime jurídico das farmácias, a grande maioria não implementou novos serviços capazes de suprir necessidades relacionadas com os cuidados farmacêuticos. Neste contexto, o serviço de Seguimento Farmacoterapêutico é da maior relevância pois permite ganhos em saúde bem como a afirmação plena do profissional da farmácia na equipa interdisciplinar que acompanha o doente. Esta palestra dá a conhecer os cuidados farmacêuticos, nomeadamente o Seguimento Farmacoterapêutico, os métodos e recursos necessários para a implementação deste serviço nas Farmácias bem como os ganhos em saúde para os utentes. Pretende-se ainda demonstrar qual o novo papel dos profissionais de farmácia que realizam esta atividade cognitiva e consequentes responsabilidades que daí advém.
- High rates of ampicillin multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium in chicken meat from PortugalPublication . Novais, Carla; Freitas, Ana Raquel; Ferreira, Carolina; Scholes, Christopher; Duarte, Barbara; Ribeiro, Sofia; Mourão, Joana Vanessa Cordeiro Melro; Rebelo, Andreia; Antunes, Patrícia; Peixe, Luísa Maria VieiraResistance to ampici lin-AmpR is associated with Enterococcus faecium-Efm from hospitalizedhumans (clade-A1) and at lesser extent with community-based isolates (clade-A2: human and animal strains; clade-B: human-commensal strains). Recently, AmpR combined with specific putative virulence factors were proposed as molecular markers of Efm linked to human infections, which can have an impact in Efm risk assessment in different public health contexts (PMID:29519512). Here we evaluated the occurrence of AmpR-Efm with potential public health impact in chicken-meat samples.
- A importância do rastreio auditivo neonatal universal e do rastreio auditivo em idade escolar e pré-escolarPublication . Lopes, PaulaA surdez é a alteração sensorial mais comum no ser humano, estimando-se que aproximadamente 4% de indivíduos com menos de 45 anos e 29% com 65 ou mais anos tenham défice auditivo. A surdez severa a profunda afeta cerca de 1:1000 recém-nascidos e mais do que 1:1000 crianças apresentam perda auditiva antes da idade adulta, sendo esta perda de grau inferior à surdez severa e de caráter maioritariamente progressivo. A criança com perda auditiva pode ter comprometido o seu desenvolvimento cognitivo, afetivo e social, uma vez que a aquisição da linguagem oral está também comprometida. A surdez infantil constitui um problema de Saúde Pública devido à sua elevada prevalência e às múltiplas consequências que acarreta. Na criança pode observar-se atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo, escolar, psicoafectivo, familiar e social, consequência das alterações na aquisição da linguagem - especificamente na sua expressão oral - onde a audição desempenha um papel fundamental pois possibilita a captação da informação sonora e a sua descodificação. Em Portugal, o RANU (rastreio auditivo neonatal universal) é já uma realidade mas ainda não se realizam rastreios de forma sistemática, que permitam avaliar a audição infantil e acompanhar o desenvolvimento das crianças a este nível. No sentido de reduzir o impacto da perda auditiva nas crianças e as implicações no seu desenvolvimento, é fundamental o diagnóstico precoce e a consequente implementação de rastreios auditivos que acompanhem o percurso e o desenvolvimento infantil.
- Glycated Albumin: A new biomarker for monitoring metabolic progression of diabetesPublication . Ribeiro, A. R.; Luis, C.; Baylina, Pilar; Fernandes, R.One of the consequences of the metabolic progression of diabetes is kidney disease, being also a main cause of diabetes related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, earlier adoption of methods to estimate chronic kidney disease risks along with a more accurate glycemic index for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly desirable. One of the widely used tubular injury markers is N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a lysosomal enzyme of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. One study demonstrated that the association between glycated albumin (GA) and uNAG excretion and observed that GA was significantly associated with uNAG excretion independent of other confounding factors. Consequently, this study suggest that GA can be a strong independent predictor of early renal tubular damage, beyond its role as a surrogate marker of glucose control (Huh et al., 2018).
- Evaluating the effect of the Ionic liquid [C16Pyr] [Amp] in hormone-resistant tumors using an in vivo zebrafish assayPublication . Barros, Piedade; Martins, Rosário; Cruz, Agostinho; Silva, ReginaThe NASYTHOR project, aimes to study the potential of novel natural and synthetic compounds as anti-cancer drugs on hormone-resistant tumors. One of the objectives is the evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of the anticancer activity of the compounds using Danio rerio, zebrafish embryo as a model. In this work we describe the general methodology, advantages and disadvantages. Among a large range of advantages in the use of zebrafish in cancer research, the high level of genetic and physiologic homology with humans, including brain, digestive tract, musculature and vasculature can be highlighted. Also, the immature immune system of the embryos favors xenotransplantation of human cancer cells, and makes these animals a promising experimental model to tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The ionic liquid cetylpyridinium ampicillin [C16Pyr] [Amp] induces cytotoxicity in hormone-resistant breast and prostate cancer cell lines. To study the possible use of [C16Pyr] [Amp] as an anticancer, the toxicity towards zebrafish embryos should be evaluated first by an acute toxic assay that should be carried out following the OECD 236 Guideline.
- BIO4DIA: Early detection and monitoring of metabolic progression of type 2 diabetesPublication . Fernandes, R.; Luís, C.; Martins, P.; Macedo, J. M.; Guerreiro, S.; Baylina, PilarAccording to the latest International Diabetes Federation 2015 report, the total health expenditure with type 2 diabetes (T2D) spent globally was of 673 billion USD in 2015 and it expected that this effort increases up to 802 billion in 2040. Additionally, patients experienced a series of complications, ranging from eye, cardiovascular, and kidney disease as well as pregnancy complications, nerve damage, foot infections and impaired regeneration. Based on the most recent research in this area the cornerstone of treatment of T2D is the adoption of a healthy diet, increased physical activity and maintenance of a normal body weight and those are modifiable risk factors.
- Artificial antibodies based potentiometric sensors for monitoring diabetic ketoacidosisPublication . Martins, Pedro D.P.; Truta, Liliana A.A.N.A.; Fernandes, Rúben; Sales, M. Goreti F.Diabetic ketoacidosis is a pathological condition characterized for the complex disordered metabolic state (as hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, dehydration or ketosis), caused by the total failing of insulin production for beta cells in the islets of Langerhans (type 1 diabetes) or abnormalities in the peripheral insulin action and insulin secretion (type 2 diabetes). This pathogenesis can be also associated with the increase of counter-regulation hormones, leading to an increase in the hepatic glucose synthesis and a decrease in the peripheral tissues, resulting in hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity. The effect of lipolysis increase leads to an increase in the production of free fatty acids, which are oxidized in the hepatic microsomal system and converted to acetyl-CoA. When acetyl-CoA production exceeds hepatic utilization capacity, this substance acts as a substrate for the production of ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), acetoacetate and acetone), causing ketonemia and metabolic acidosis.