Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015-07-13"
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- Cytotoxicity Induced by Extracts of Pisolithus tinctorius Spores on Human Cancer and Normal Cell Lines—Evaluation of the Anticancer PotentialPublication . Alves, Ricardo; Preto, Marco; Vasconcelos, Vítor; Oliveira, Rui S.; Martins, RosarioFungi have been considered a potential source of natural anticancer drugs. However, studies on these organisms have mainly focused on compounds present in the sporocarp and mycelium. The aim of this study was to assess the anticancer potential of fungal spores using a bioassay-guided fractionation with cancer and normal cell lines. Crude extracts from spores of the basidiomycetous fungus Pisolithus tinctorius were prepared using five solvents/solvent mixtures in order to select the most effective crude extraction procedure. A dichloromethane/methanol (DCM/MeOH) mixture was found to produce the highest extraction yield, and this extract was fractionated into 11 fractions. Crude extracts and fractions were assayed for cytotoxicity in the human osteocarcinoma cell line MG63, the human breast carcinoma cell line T47D, the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line RKO, and the normal human brain capillary endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. The results showed a reduction in cancer cell viability of approximately 95% with 4 of 11 fractions without a significant reduction in viability of hCMEC/D3 cells. Data demonstrated that spores of P. tinctorius might serve as an interesting source of compounds with potential anticancer properties.
- Is There Sufficient Training of Health Care Staff on Noise Reduction in Neonatal Intensive Care Units? a Pilot Study From NeoNoise ProjectPublication . Alberto Alves Carvalhais, Carlos; Santos, Joana; Vieira Da Silva, Manuela; Xavier, AnaEvidence indicates that exposure to high levels of noise adversely affects human health, and these effects are dependent upon various factors. In hospitals, there are many sources of noise, and high levels exert an impact on patients and staff, increasing both recovery time and stress, respectively. The goal of this pilot study was to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a training program (TP) on noise reduction in a Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) by comparing the noise levels before and after the implementation of the program. A total of 79 health professionals participated in the study. The measurements of sound pressure levels took into account the layout of the unit and location of the main sources of noise. General results indicated that LAeq levels before implementation of the training program were often excessive, ranging from 48.7 ± 2.94 dBA to 71.7 ± 4.74 dBA, exceeding international guidelines. Similarly following implementation of the training program noise levels remained unchanged (54.5 ± 0.49 dBA to 63.9 ± 4.37 dBA), despite a decrease in some locations. There was no significant difference before and after the implementation of TP. However a significant difference was found for Lp, Cpeak, before and after training staff, suggesting greater care by healthcare professionals performing their tasks. Even recognizing that a TP is quite important to change behaviors, this needs to be considered in a broader context to effectively control noise in the NICU.
- O papel do terapeuta da fala numa equipa local de intervenção precocePublication . Carvalho, Joana da CostaSegundo a investigação, o paradigma de intervenção recomendado em Intervenção Precoce (IP) parte da compreensão do desenvolvimento infantil numa perspetiva holística, fomentando a ação dos profissionais com base no modelo de equipa transdisciplinar (Serrano, 2007). A atual legislação portuguesa para a IP, o Decreto-Lei n.º 281/2009, que criou o Sistema Nacional de Intervenção Precoce na Infância (SNIPI) e as Equipas Locais de Intervenção Precoce (ELIs) não especifica o modelo de funcionamento das equipas, contudo, a Portaria n.º 293/2013, de 26 de setembro, salienta o trabalho em equipa segundo modelo transdisciplinar. Historicamente, sabe-se que ao longo do tempo, o Terapeuta da Fala (TF) foi integrando equipas de IP, todavia, a primeira referência que encontramos em termos de legislação é referente ao artigo 5. da Portaria n.º 1102/97 de 3 de Novembro, onde é aberta a possibilidade da constituição de equipas técnicas de IP com terapeutas. Os normativos mais recentes (Despacho Conjunto n.º 891/99, Decreto–lei nº 281/2009 e Portaria n.º n.º 293/2013) salientam a importância da integração de terapeutas como membros das equipas dos serviços de IP, não ocorrendo uma referência específica ao TF. O presente trabalho pretende analisar o papel do TF em IP à luz do modelo colaborativo de equipa transdisciplinar. Para tal, foi efetuada uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema, tendo por base artigos científicos publicados na área e diretrizes técnicas, assim como a experiência profissional adquirida neste domínio, especificamente numa ELI. Ao longo do trabalho, será realizado o enquadramento da IP em Portugal e será explorado o modelo transdisciplinar, no que diz respeito à sua definição, caracterização, vantagens, desvantagens e evidência científica. O TF desempenha um papel fundamental nos serviços de IP. O conhecimento sobre a prática transdisciplinar é fundamental para a capacitação e desenvolvimento de competências neste domínio, assim como para a divulgação do papel do TF nas ELIs.