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Fungi have been considered a potential source of natural anticancer drugs. However, studies
on these organisms have mainly focused on compounds present in the sporocarp and
mycelium. The aim of this study was to assess the anticancer potential of fungal spores
using a bioassay-guided fractionation with cancer and normal cell lines. Crude extracts
from spores of the basidiomycetous fungus Pisolithus tinctorius were prepared using five
solvents/solvent mixtures in order to select the most effective crude extraction procedure.
A dichloromethane/methanol (DCM/MeOH) mixture was found to produce the highest
extraction yield, and this extract was fractionated into 11 fractions. Crude extracts and fractions
were assayed for cytotoxicity in the human osteocarcinoma cell line MG63, the human
breast carcinoma cell line T47D, the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line RKO, and the normal
human brain capillary endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the
3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. The
results showed a reduction in cancer cell viability of approximately 95% with 4 of 11 fractions
without a significant reduction in viability of hCMEC/D3 cells. Data demonstrated that spores
of P. tinctorius might serve as an interesting source of compounds with potential anticancer
properties.
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Taylor & Francis