Browsing by Author "Kurunathan, Harrison"
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- An Efficient approach to Multisuperframe tuning for DSME networksPublication . Kurunathan, Harrison; Severino, Ricardo; Koubâa, AnisDeterministic Synchronous Multichannel Extension (DSME) is a prominent MAC behavior irst introduced in IEEE 802.15.4e that supports deterministic guarantees using its multisuperframe structure. DSME also facilitates techniques like multi-channel and CAP reduction that help to increase the number of available guaranteed timeslots in a network. However, no tuning of these functionalities in dynamic scenarios is supported in the standard. In this paper, we present an efective multisuperframe tuning technique that also helps to utilize CAP reduction in an efective manner improving lexibility and scalability, while guaranteeing bounded delay.
- Cooperative Key Generation For Data Dissemination in Cyber-Physical SystemsPublication . Li, Kai; Kurunathan, Harrison; Severino, Ricardo; Tovar, Eduardo; TovarSecuring wireless communication is significant for privacy and confidentiality of sensing data in CyberPhysical Systems (CPS). However, due to broadcast nature of radio channels, disseminating sensory data is vulnerable to eavesdropping and message modification. Generating secret keys by extracting the shared randomness in a wireless fading channel is a promising way to improve the communication security. In this poster, we present a novel secret key generation protocol for securing real-time data dissemination in CPS, where the sensor nodes cooperatively generate a shared key by estimating the quantized fading channel randomness. A 2- hop wireless sensor network testbed is built and preliminary experimental results show that the quantization intervals and distance between the nodes lead to a secret bit mismatch.
- Data-driven Deep Reinforcement Learning for Online Flight Resource Allocation in UAVaided Wireless Powered Sensor NetworksPublication . Li, Kai; Ni, Wei; Kurunathan, Harrison; Dressler, FalkoIn wireless powered sensor networks (WPSN), data of ground sensors can be collected or relayed by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) while the battery of the ground sensor can be charged via wireless power transfer. A key challenge of resource allocation in UAV-aided WPSN is to prevent battery drainage and buffer overflow of the ground sensors in the presence of highly dynamic lossy airborne channels which can result in packet reception errors. Moreover, state and action spaces of the resource allocation problem are large, which is hardly explored online. To address the challenges, a new data-driven deep reinforcement learning framework, DDRL-RA, is proposed to train flight resource allocation online so that the data packet loss is minimized. Due to time-varying airborne channels, DDRL-RA firstly leverages long short-term memory (LSTM) with pre-collected offline datasets for channel randomness predictions. Then, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is studied to control the flight trajectory of the UAV, and schedule the ground sensor to transmit data and harvest energy. To evaluate the performance of DDRL-RA, a UAV-ground sensor testbed is built, where real-world datasets of channel gains are collected. DDRL-RA is implemented on Tensorflow, and numerical results show that DDRL-RA achieves 19\% lower packet loss than other learning-based frameworks.
- DynaMO—Dynamic Multisuperframe Tuning for Adaptive IEEE 802.15.4e DSME NetworksPublication . Kurunathan, Harrison; Severino, Ricardo; Koubaa, Anis; Tovar, EduardoRecent advancements in the IoT domain have been pushing for stronger demands of Qualityof-Service (QoS) and in particular for improved determinism for time-critical wireless communications under power constraints. The IEEE 802.15.4e standard protocol introduced several new MAC behaviors that provide enhanced time-critical and reliable communications. The Deterministic Synchronous Multichannel Extension (DSME) is one of its prominent MAC behaviors that combines contention-based and contentionfree communication, guaranteeing bounded delays and improved reliability and scalability by leveraging multi-channel access and CAP reduction. However, DSME has a multi-superframe structure, which is statically defined at the beginning of the network. As the network evolves dynamically by changing its traffic characteristics, these static settings can affect the overall throughput and increase the network delay because of improper allocation of bandwidth. In this paper, we address this problem, and we present a dynamic multi-superframe tuning technique that dynamically adapts the multi-superframe structure based on the size of the network. This technique improves the QoS by providing 15-30% increase in throughput and 15-35% decrease in delay when compared to static DSME networks
- DynaMO: dynamically tuning DSME networksPublication . Kurunathan, Harrison; Severino, Ricardo; Koubaa, Anis; Tovar, EduardoDeterministic Synchronous Multichannel Extension (DSME) is a prominent MAC behavior first introduced in IEEE 802.15.4e supporting deterministic guarantees using its multisuperframe structure. DSME also facilitates techniques like multi-channel and Contention Access Period (CAP) reduction to increase the number of available guaranteed timeslots in a network. However, any tuning of these functionalities in dynamic scenarios is not explored in the standard. In this paper, we present a multisuperframe tuning technique called DynaMO which tunes the CAP reduction and Multisuperframe Order in an effective manner to improve flexibility and scalability, while guaranteeing bounded delay. We also provide simulations to prove that DynaMO with its dynamic tuning feature can offer up to 15-30% reduction in terms of latency in a large DSME network.
- Edge-aided V2X collision avoidance with platoons: Towards a hybrid evaluation toolsetPublication . Pereira, João; Kurunathan, Harrison; Filho, Ênio; Santos, Pedro M.Infrastructure-brokered collision avoidance is an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) application built on top of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) links. An edge-hosted ITS service receives information from road-side sensors (or CAM messages in V2X-enabled vehicles) and detects impending collisions where vehicles cannot sense or contact each other directly. If so happens, it issues a warning message through network-to-vehicle links. Another relevant ITS application is platooning, through which vehicles following each other closely can benefit of improved fuel economy, and that can be further enhanced through communication. In case of emergency braking in platoons, the response times of network and edge-hosted services must be minimal to ensure no collision amongst the platoon or any other road user. In this paper we present the implementation of a simulation framework tailored (but not limited) to evaluate the presented use-case. This complex and multi-layered use-case can be handled by a dedicated ITS service that leverages the sensing, radio and computing resources available at infrastructure and vehicles, and requires a realistic evaluation framework prior to deployment. Such framework is mostly based on simulation, albeit, to the extent possible, actual devices or services should be used; the present work is a step towards that hybrid setup.
- Energy savings and emissions reduction of BEVs at an isolated complex intersectionPublication . Reddy, Radha; Almeida, Luis; Santos, Pedro Miguel; Kurunathan, Harrison; Tovar, EduardoImproving urban dwellers quality of life requires mitigating traffic congestion, minimizing waiting delays, and reducing fuel wastage and associated toxic air pollutants. Battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) are envisioned as the best option, thanks to zero exhaust emissions and regenerative braking. BEVs can be human-driven or autonomous and will co-exist with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) for years. BEVs can help at complex intersections where traffic is saturated. However, their benefits can be reduced by poor intersection management (IM) strategies that coordinate mixed traffic configurations inefficiently. This paper studies energy savings and emissions reduction using BEVs mixed with human-driven ICEVs under eight relevant IM approaches. It shows that adding BEVs has impacts on throughput, energy consumption, waiting delays, and tail-pipe emissions that depend on the specific IM approach used. Thus, this study provides the information needed to support an optimal choice of IM approaches considering the emerging trend towards electrical mobility.
- IEEE 802.15.4e in a Nutshell: Survey and Performance EvaluationPublication . Kurunathan, Harrison; Severino, Ricardo; Koubâa, Anis; Tovar, EduardoThe advancements in information and communication technology in the past decades have been converging into a new communication paradigm in which everything is expected to be interconnected. The Internet of Things, more than a buzzword, is becoming a reality, and is finding its way into the industrial domain, enabling what is now dubbed as the Industry 4.0. Among several standards that help in enabling Industry 4.0, the IEEE 802.15.4e standard addresses requirements such as increased robustness and reliability. Although the standard seems promising, the technology is still immature and rather unproven. Also, there has been no thorough survey of the standard with emphasis on the understanding of the performance improvement in regards to the legacy protocol IEEE 802.15.4. In this survey, we aim at filling this gap by carrying out a performance analysis and thorough discussions of the main features and enhancements of IEEE 802.15.4e. We also provide a literature survey concerning the already proposed add-ons and available tools. We believe this work will help to identify the merits of IEEE 802.15.4e and to contribute towards a faster adoption of this technology as a supporting communication infrastructure for future industrial scenarios.
- Joint spectrum and antenna selection diversity for V2V links with ground reflectionsPublication . Robles, Ramiro; Gutiérrez Gaitán, Miguel; Javanmardi, Gowhar; Kurunathan, HarrisonThis paper addresses the study of a fading-rejection algorithm based on joint spectrum and antenna selection in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) multiple antenna system. The central objective of this selective scheme is to provide resilience against the destructive effects of the superposition of line-of-sight (LOS) and ground-reflected signals. The paper also provides an extension to channels that combine such deterministic superposition of multiple paths and reflections with an uncorrelated double scattering component, which shows how the algorithm is also beneficial under more general channel modelling assumptions. A multiple-ray performance model is used to describe the deterministic signal interactions between multiple antennas across contiguous vehicles. The antenna selection component is shown to reject deterministic fading, particularly at short values of the inter-vehicular distance. By contrast, when the spectrum bands are correctly chosen, the spectrum selection component can exhibit gains for a wider range of inter-vehicular distances than its antenna selection counterpart. This indicates that both components of the proposed solution are, in some cases, complementary, and therefore, they should be considered together in V2V multiple antenna design. Derivation of the statistics of the selective scheme considering an additional double scattering stochastic channel component is here proposed. Simulation results from all expressions show important gains for a given range of inter-vehicular distances.
- Symphony: routing aware scheduling for DSME networksPublication . Kurunathan, Harrison; Severino, Ricardo; Koubaa, Anis; Tovar, EduardoDeterministic Synchronous Multichannel Extension (DSME) is a prominent MAC behavior first introduced in IEEE 802.15.4e. It can avail deterministic and best effort Service using its multisuperframe structure. RPL is a routing protocol for wireless networks with low power consumption and generally susceptible to packet loss. These two standards were designed independently but with the common objective to satisfy the requirements of IoT devices in terms of limited energy, reliability and determinism. A combination of these two protocols can integrate real-time QoS demanding and largescale IoT networks. In this paper, we propose a new multi-channel, multi-timeslot scheduling algorithm called Symphony that provides QoS efficient schedules in DSME networks. In this paper we provide analytical and simulation based delay analysis for our approach against some state of the art algorithms. In this work, we show that integrating routing with DSME can improve reliability by 40 % and by using Symphony, we can reduce the network delay by 10-20% against the state of the art algorithms.