Browsing by Author "Jacquinet, Marc"
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- A importância da segurança e privacidade da informação. Análise do estudo elaborado pelo Estado para a implementação do registo de saúde electrónicoPublication . Gomes, Paulo Veloso; Jacquinet, Marc; Curado, HenriqueA análise que tem vindo a ser efectuada, paralelamente a experiências diversas de implementação de registos de dados pessoais de utentes das unidades de saúde, em particular no que concerne à protecção da privacidade, enquanto valor intrínseco à pessoa humana, encontra novos contornos face ao recente trabalho realizado no âmbito da Administração Central dos Sistemas de Saúde para a implementação do “Registo de Saúde Electrónico”. Este trabalho pretende analisar a bipolarização de interesses em questão. Por um lado o interesse público de adopção de um sistema de informação único, por outro lado a necessária protecção à privacidade do ser humano.
- Legal and political regulation of higher education in Portugal: an evolutionary perspective on the current policy issues and the problem of orderPublication . Caetano, João Carlos; Curado, Henrique; Jacquinet, MarcThe higher education system in Europe is currently under stress and the debates over its reform and future are gaining momentum. Now that, for most countries, we are in a time for change, in the overall society and the whole education system, the legal and political dimensions have gained prominence, which has not been followed by a more integrative approach of the problem of order, its reform and the issue of regulation, beyond the typical static and classical cost-benefit analyses. The two classical approaches for studying (and for designing the policy measures of) the problem of the reform of the higher education system - the cost-benefit analysis and the legal scholarship description - have to be integrated. This is the argument of our paper that the very integration of economic and legal approaches, what Warren Samuels called the legal-economic nexus, is meaningful and necessary, especially if we want to address the problem of order (as formulated by Joseph Spengler) and the overall regulation of the system. On the one hand, and without neglecting the interest and insights gained from the cost-benefit analysis, or other approaches of value for money assessment, we will focus our study on the legal, social and political aspects of the regulation of the higher education system and its reform in Portugal. On the other hand, the economic and financial problems have to be taken into account, but in a more inclusive way with regard to the indirect and other socio-economic costs not contemplated in traditional or standard assessments of policies for the tertiary education sector. In the first section of the paper, we will discuss the theoretical and conceptual underpinning of our analysis, focusing on the evolutionary approach, the role of critical institutions, the legal-economic nexus and the problem of order. All these elements are related to the institutional tradition, from Veblen and Commons to Spengler and Samuels. The second section states the problem of regulation in the higher education system and the issue of policy formulation for tackling the problem. The current situation is clearly one of crisis with the expansion of the cohorts of young students coming to an end and the recurrent scandals in private institutions. In the last decade, after a protracted period of extension or expansion of the system, i. e., the continuous growth of students, universities and other institutions are competing harder to gain students and have seen their financial situation at risk. It seems that we are entering a period of radical uncertainty, higher competition and a new configuration that is slowly building up is the growth in intensity, which means upgrading the quality of the higher learning and getting more involvement in vocational training and life-long learning. With this change, and along with other deep ones in the Portuguese society and economy, the current regulation has shown signs of maladjustment. The third section consists of our conclusions on the current issue of regulation and policy challenge. First, we underline the importance of an evolutionary approach to a process of change that is essentially dynamic. A special attention will be given to the issues related to an evolutionary construe of policy analysis and formulation. Second, the integration of law and economics, through the notion of legal economic nexus, allows us to better define the issues of regulation and the concrete problems that the universities are facing. One aspect is the instability of the political measures regarding the public administration and on which the higher education system depends financially, legally and institutionally, to say the least. A corollary is the lack of clear strategy in the policy reforms. Third, our research criticizes several studies, such as the one made by the OECD in late 2006 for the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, for being too static and neglecting fundamental aspects of regulation such as the logic of actors, groups and organizations who are major players in the system. Finally, simply changing the legal rules will not necessary per se change the behaviors that the authorities want to change. By this, we mean that it is not only remiss of the policy maker to ignore some of the critical issues of regulation, namely the continuous non-respect by academic management and administrative bodies of universities of the legal rules that were once promulgated. Changing the rules does not change the problem, especially without the necessary debates form the different relevant quarters that make up the higher education system. The issues of social interaction remain as intact. Our treatment of the matter will be organized in the following way. In the first section, the theoretical principles are developed in order to be able to study more adequately the higher education transformation with a modest evolutionary theory and a legal and economic nexus of the interactions of the system and the policy challenges. After describing, in the second section, the recent evolution and current working of the higher education in Portugal, we will analyze the legal framework and the current regulatory practices and problems in light of the theoretical framework adopted. We will end with some conclusions on the current problems of regulation and the policy measures that are discusses in recent years.
- Management of tacit knowledge issue of empowerment of patients and stakeholders in the health care sectorPublication . Jacquinet, Marc; Curado, Henrique; Nobre, Ângela Lacerda; Sousa, Maria José; Arraya, Marco; Pimenta, Rui; Martins, António EduardoThere is a growing literature on health and health care dedicated to empowerment of patients; but there is still a gap in the literature to conceptualize knowledge, to extend the discussion of the empowerment of the patients to the stakeholders. The discussion is at the level of managerial processes of empowerment and knowledge management related to health care. The present chapter starts with a review on empow- erment, especially focused on the health sector. The following sections will develop a critical analysis of empowerment, mainly around the concept of tacit knowledge (Polanyi) and knowledge management. One key variable is the proximity of the actors involved in the empowerment process. This key variable is very much related to the tacitness issue of knowledge production and flows. The chapter extends the discussion of the empowerment of the patients to that of the stakeholders and the general debate about health literacy. A model is briefly described for the purpose of illustrating the learning process in a knowledge management implemented in health care.
- A miragem do e-governo e a questão da cidadania: uma perspectiva sociológicaPublication . Jacquinet, Marc; Caetano, João Carlos; Curado, HenriqueNeste trabalho, analisamos um dos elementos da chamada e-democracia: o e-governo que desempenha um peso crescente nos discursos e nas justificações de modernização do governo e na reformulação da noção de cidadania. O e-governo é geralmente considerado como uma extensão da e-democracia, outro conceito ambíguo, e ambos merecem uma análise sociológica apurada, é o nosso intuito dar um contributo ainda que modesto neste sentido. Depois de uma breve discussão das noções de democracia, e-democracia, Estado e cidadania e das opções metodológicas, na primeira parte, passaremos, na secção seguinte a uma primeira análise crítica da noção de e-governo, sobretudo no que toca a um elemento central: a distinção entre cidadania e serviço público transferível pura e simplesmente para o mercado ou, ainda, em moldes flexíveis e híbridos mas essencialmente através do mercado. Baseamos esta distinção numa investigação sobre dois projectos que tratam da questão da e-democracia e dos serviços públicos (e do e-governo) em que se destacam os problemas da cidadania e da crise do sistema político representativo. O problema do e-governo, tal como do e-learning, é de negligenciar aspectos cruciais do funcionamento das democracias. Facilitar ou agilizar a prestação de serviços online, não basta para resolver os problemas da participação nas nossas democracias. O e-governo não pode ser confundido com uma mera prestação de serviço, seja ele público ou privado. Ele se insere num contexto sociopolítico mais vasto e que engloba os cidadãos. Esta é uma das nossas principais conclusões. O e-governo aparece cada vez mais como um mito e se assemelha a uma miragem que promete “montes e maravilhas” enquanto os problemas fundamentais não são tocados senão à margem.
- On transdisciplinarity in organizations, innovation and lawPublication . Caetano, João Relvão; Curado, Henrique; Jacquinet, MarcContemporaneous societies are facing complex economic problems, i.e. problems constituted by relationships of distinct types (managerial, technical, econmic, political, etc.), and those, in turn, are incorporatingvdeeply diverse elements wich are not foreign to the history of the various economic, political and legal systems.
- Opportunities and challenges for electronic health record: concepts, costs, benefits, and regulationPublication . Jacquinet, Marc; Curado, HenriqueIn this section, after a brief history, the issue of definition and several dimensions of electronic health records will be tackled. If the first known medical records can be traced to Hippocrates and the goals he attributed to these records were to describe accurately the course of a disease and gives a probable cause of it; the electronic dimension of these records can be traced back to the 1960s in some hospitals that started a more systematic recording and use of patients’ data by services and doctors. But it is still more recently, in the 1990s, with the ever wider use of internet and online databases that the electronic health record emerged as a new tool in the public health systems of OECD countries.
- Strategy for data cybersecurity in european health data ecosystemPublication . Curado, Henrique; Gomes, Paulo Veloso; Jacquinet, Marc; Marques, António; Pereira, JavierThis study aims to analyze the Strategy for Data Cybersecurity in the European Health Data Ecosystem, to be implemented in 2025. The document analysis was carried out to map the different proposals for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council, regarding the sharing of the Electronic Health Record in the European space, and the General Data Protection Regulation implemented in the European Union. After an exhaustive documentary analysis, inconsistencies or flaws were detected that could compromise the rights of citizens enshrined in the General Data Protection Regulation.
- The emergence of biobanks: between ethics, risks, and governancePublication . Downey, Catarina; Curado, Henrique; Jacquinet, MarcPublic health research and planning, and the development of more effective therapies for individuals may take on radical new dimensions with the newly information made available through biobanks. Furthermore, the information that can be disclosed about an individual can also be used, intentionally or unintentionally, for economic and social discrimination, especially in insurance, employment, attribution of bank credits and other access issues.