Browsing by Author "Carvalho, Carla"
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- Burnout and coping strategies among Professors during COVID-19: Portugal-Brazil comparative studyPublication . Pinto, Ana; Carvalho, Carla; Rodriguez, Susana; Simões, Ana; Carvalhais, Carlos; Gonçalves, Fernando J.; Santos, JoanaThe global pandemic experienced in recent years led Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to close their facilities to safeguard the health and safety of the academic community. This reality overloaded professors in terms of work, often leading them to the limit of exhaustion and impacting on their performance, quality of life and well-being, taking, in many cases, to burnout. This study aims to identify and characterize the frequency of burnout and strategies of coping in professors from HEIs of Portugal and Brazil. A sample of 132 professors answered to online self-administrated questionnaires: sociodemographic and telework conditions; Oldenburg-Burnout Inventory and Brief-COPE. The results suggest that: regarding burnout, the exhaustion dimension is higher among professors in Portugal; regarding coping strategies, professors in Brazil use more strategies designated as maladaptive. Appropriate coping strategies and resources made available to professors can contribute to their well-being at work and to their quality of life and happiness.
- Comparative study on burnout among higher education professors in Portugal and Brazil during COVID-19Publication . Pinto, Ana; Carvalho, Carla; Rodriguez, Susana; Simões, Ana; Carvalhais, Carlos; Gonçalves, Fernando; Santos, JoanaThe global pandemic context experienced in recent years has exacerbated the reality that the work environment does not always offer the necessary conditions for task completion. For example, in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), all over the world, were closing, to safeguard the health of professors, students, and education professionals had to change teaching methods, namely, remote teaching, involving new technologies. Faced with unprecedented stress situations, professors, students, and families have employed various coping and resilience strategies throughout the confinement period.
- Enhancing cobot design through user experience goals: An investigation of human–robot collaboration in picking tasksPublication . Pinto, Ana; Duarte, Inês; Carvalho, Carla; Rocha, Luís; Santos, JoanaThe use of collaborative robots in industries is growing rapidly. To ensure the successful implementation of these devices, it is essential to consider the user experience (UX) during their design process. This study is aimed at testing the UX goals that emerge when users interact with a collaborative robot during the programming and collaborating phases. A framework on UX goals will be tested, in the geographical context of Portugal. For that, an experimental setup was introduced in the form of a laboratory case study in which the human–robot collaboration (HRC) was evaluated by the combination of both quantitative (applying the User Experience Questionnaire [UEQ]) and qualitative (semistructured interviews) metrics. The sample was constituted by 19 university students. The quantitative approach showed positive overall ratings for the programming phase UX, with attractiveness having the highest average value (M = 2 21; SD = 0 59) and dependability the lowest (M = 1 64; SD = 0 65). For the collaboration phase, all UX ratings were positive, with attractiveness having the highest average value (M = 2 46; SD = 0 78) and efficiency the lowest (M = 1 93; SD = 0 77). Only perspicuity showed significant differences between the two phases (t 18 = −4 335, p = 0 002). The qualitative approach, at the light of the framework used, showed that efficiency, inspiration, and usability are the most mentioned UX goals emerging from the content analysis. These findings enhance manufacturing workers’ well-being by improving cobot design in organizations.
- The contribution of the user experiences goals for designing better cobots: a systematic literature reviewPublication . Duarte, Inês Margarida; Pinto, Ana; Carvalho, Carla; Zornoza, Ana; Santos, JoanaCollaborative robots are an indispensable element of both industry 4.0 and industry 5.0, the latter of which gives special emphasis to the human facet of the human-robot collaboration. To facilitate such an interaction, attention should be given to the design of the cobot, including its interface, which enables communication with the user. Programming through the interface and performing a task with the robotic device are responsible for the user experience (UX), which comprises both pragmatic and hedonic aspects. In order to design the most positive experience for users, their perspectives must be considered, which is achieved through the identification of UX goals. In this respect, a systematic review was conducted to revise the UX goals present in the literature. The following seven UX goals were identified: safety, relationship, usability, inspiration, flexibility, efficiency, and accomplishment. These findings represent the first systematic categorization of UX goals for the specific design of cobots, that should empirically be tested.
- Translation, adaptation, and validation in portuguese of an acceptance scale for human–robot interaction in an industrial contextPublication . Pinto, Ana; Lemos, Letícia; Carvalho, Carla; Santos, Joana; Menezes, Paulo; Nomura, Tatsuya; Santos, JoanaIndustry 4.0, characterized by the integration of advanced technologies across various industrial domains, is now evolving intoIndustry 5.0, which emphasizes the human perspective, resilience, and sustainability. In this context, the study of humanbehavior and attitudes towards human–robot interaction (HRI) is crucial for understanding the acceptance of this emergingtechnology, which, in turn, can drive the development of more well-designed industrial robotic systems. This paper is aimed attranslating, adapting, and validating a scale designed to measure acceptance in the context of HRI within industrial settings,with a focus on collaborative robots (cobots). To conduct an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), 140 participants (male = 45%,female = 52%, and nonbinary = 3%) were recruited. The results revealed a four-factor structure for the Frankenstein SyndromeQuestionnaire–Industrial Context (FSQ-IC): “general anxiety towards cobots” (α = 0 87), “trustworthiness towards developersof cobots” (α = 0 83), “apprehension towards cobots in the industrial context” (α = 0 73), and “expectation of cobots in socialchange” (α = 0 69). For further validation and to help ensure the validity and reliability of the adapted scale, a confirmatoryfactor analysis (CFA) was conducted with a sample of 210 participants (male = 45%, female = 53%, and nonbinary = 2%). Themodel fit indices, including a χ2/df of 3.14 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.10, indicated anacceptable fit. The goodness-of-fit index (GFI), comparative fit index (CFI), and normed fit index (NFI) were 0.88, 0.90, and0.86, respectively, all within acceptable ranges. Convergent and discriminant validities were also analyzed. An analysis of thedifferences in perceptions of acceptance based on sociodemographic variables (gender, experience with robots, educationallevel, and age) was conducted. Only gender revealed significant differences. Considering the psychometric qualities of theinstrument, the FSQ-IC is valid and reliable for assessing acceptance in HRI.